Cited by 164Diabetes Treatment and ManagementBiochemical Analysis and Sensing TechniquesGastrointestinal motility and disorders

Effects of different sweet preloads on incretin hormone secretion, gastric emptying, and postprandial glycemia in healthy humans

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Wu, Tongzhi, Zhao, Beiyi R, Bound, Michelle J, Checklin, Helen L, Bellon, Max, Little, Tanya J, Young, Richard L, Jones, Karen L +2 more·2012·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Abstract

Background Macronutrient "preloads" can stimulate glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), slow gastric emptying, and reduce postprandial glycemic excursions. After sweet preloads, these effects may be signaled by sodium-glucose cotransporter-1 (SGLT1), sweet taste receptors, or both.Objective We determined the effects of 4 sweet preloads on GIP and GLP-1 release, gastric emptying, and postprandial glycemia.Design Ten healthy subjects were studied on 4 separate occasions each. A preload drink containing 40 g glucose, 40 g tagatose/isomalt mixture (TIM), 40 g 3-O-methylglucose (3OMG; a nonmetabolized substrate of SGLT1), or 60 mg sucralose was consumed 15 min before a (13)C-octanoic acid-labeled mashed potato meal. Blood glucose, plasma total GLP-1 and GIP, serum insulin, and gastric emptying were determined.Results Both glucose and 3OMG stimulated GLP-1 and GIP release in advance of the meal (each P < 0.05), whereas TIM and sucralose did not. The overall postprandial GLP-1 response was greater after glucose, 3OMG, and TIM than after sucralose (P < 0.05), albeit later after TIM than the other preloads. The blood glucose and insulin responses in the first 30 min after the meal were greatest after glucose (each P < 0.05). Gastric emptying was slower after both 3OMG and TIM than after sucralose (each P < 0.05).Conclusions In healthy humans, SGLT1 substrates stimulate GLP-1 and GIP and slow gastric emptying, regardless of whether they are metabolized, whereas the artificial sweetener sucralose does not. Poorly absorbed sweet tastants (TIM), which probably expose a greater length of gut to nutrients, result in delayed GLP-1 secretion but not in delayed GIP release. These observations have the potential to optimize the use of preloads for glycemic control. This trial was registered at www.actr.org.au as ACTRN12611000775910.

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Crossref · 10.3945/ajcn.111.021543

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  • SGLT-1 substrates, even if not metabolized such as 3-O-methylglucose, stimulate GLP-1 and GIP secretion in humans.

    “Our group provided the first evidence that SGLT-1 substrates, even if not metabolized (such as the glucose analog 3-O-methylglucose, 3-OMG), have the capacity to stimulate GLP-1 and GIP secretion in humans (44).”

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Authors
Wu, T., Zhao, B. R., Bound, M. J., Checklin, H. L., Bellon, M., Little, T. J., Young, R. L., Jones, K. L., Horowitz, M., & Rayner, C. K.
Affiliations
Royal Adelaide Hospital (AU)
Venue
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2012-01
Volume
95
Issue
1
Pages
78-83
ISSN
0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2117678516
Cited by
163
References
51
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 5
FWCI
7.33
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
Keywords
incretin secretion, glucagon-like peptide-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, gastric emptying, postprandial blood glucose, sucralose, 3-O-methylglucose, SGLT1, artificial sweeteners, insulin response, glycemic control
MeSH terms
Adult, Blood Glucose, Disaccharides, Female, Gastric Emptying, Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide, Glucose, Hexoses, Humans, Insulin, Male, Sucrose, Sugar Alcohols, Sweetening Agents, Signal Transduction, Dietary Sucrose, Postprandial Period, Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, Incretins, Young Adult

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