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Cited by 1,092Diabetes Treatment and ManagementPancreatic function and diabetesDiabetes Management and Research

Normalization of fasting hyperglycaemia by exogenous glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36 amide) in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients

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Nauck, M. A., Kleine, N., �rskov, C., Holst, J. J., Willms, B., Creutzfeldt, W.·1993·Diabetologia
DOI 10.1007/bf00401145
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Abstract

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) (7-36 amide) is a physiological incretin hormone that is released after nutrient intake from the lower gut and stimulates insulin secretion at elevated plasma glucose concentrations. Previous work has shown that even in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients GLP-1 (7-36 amide) retains much of its insulinotropic action. However, it is not known whether the magnitude of this response is sufficient to normalize plasma glucose in Type 2 diabetic patients with poor metabolic control. Therefore, in 10 Type 2 diabetic patients with unsatisfactory metabolic control (HbA1c 11.6 +/- 1.7%) on diet and sulphonylurea therapy (in some patients supplemented by metformin or acarbose), 1.2 pmol x kg-1 x min-1 GLP-1 (7-36 amide) or placebo was infused intravenously in the fasting state (plasma glucose 13.1 +/- 0.6 mmol/l). In all patients, insulin (by 17.4 +/- 4.7 nmol x 1-1 x min; p = 0.0157) and C-peptide (by 228.0 +/- 39.1 nmol x 1-1 x min; p = 0.0019) increased significantly over basal levels, glucagon was reduced (by -1418 +/- 308 pmol x 1-1 x min) and plasma glucose reached normal fasting concentrations (4.9 +/- 0.3 mmol/l) within 4 h of GLP-1 (7-36 amide) administration, but not with placebo. When normal fasting plasma glucose concentrations were reached insulin returned towards basal levels and plasma glucose concentrations remained stable despite the ongoing infusion of GLP-1 (7-36 amide). Therefore, exogenous GLP-1 (7-36 amide) is an effective means of normalizing fasting plasma glucose concentrations in poorly-controlled Type 2 diabetic patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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  • GLP-1 has therapeutic potential for reducing elevated plasma glucose and body weight, while GIP is unable to stimulate insulin secretion or lower plasma glucose effectively in T2D.

    “Among the two incretin hormones, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), the latter has been established as having therapeutic potential for reducing elevated plasma glucose (1, 2) and body weight (3), while the former has been unable to either stimulate insulin secretion (1) or lower plasma glucose effectively in type 2 diabetes (T2D) (4).”

    From The science of safety: adverse effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists as glucose-lowering and obesity medications (2026) · cites this paper as [2]

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Authors
Nauck, M. A., Kleine, N., �rskov, C., Holst, J. J., Willms, B., & Creutzfeldt, W.
Affiliations
  • University of Göttingen (DE)
  • Diabeteszentrum Bad Lauterberg (DE)
  • University of Copenhagen (DK)
ORCID
Venue
Diabetologia
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
1993-08
Volume
36
Issue
8
Pages
741-744
ISSN
  • 0012-186X (ISSN-L)
  • 1432-0428
DOI
10.1007/bf00401145
OpenAlex
W2087707716
Cited by
1,092
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 21 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 54 · 2012: 45
FWCI
11.90
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Diabetologia (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Sundhed og Sygdom, Det Frie Forskningsråd
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
  • Novo Nordisk
  • Novo Nordisk Fonden
  • Medical Research Council
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Keywords
glucagon-like peptide-1, GLP-1(7-36)amide, type 2 diabetes, fasting hyperglycemia, insulin secretion, incretin-based therapy, insulinotropic effect, glucagon, C-peptide, glycemic control, sulphonylurea therapy, metformin, acarbose
MeSH terms
Adult, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Glucagon-Like Peptides, Fasting, Female, Glucagon, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Hyperglycemia, Hypoglycemic Agents, Infusions, Intravenous, Kinetics, Male, Middle Aged, Peptide Fragments, Time Factors, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1

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