The Influence of GLP-1 on Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion
Open accessAbstract
The intestinally derived hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) (7-36 amide) has potent effects on glucose-mediated insulin secretion, insulin gene expression, and β-cell growth and differentiation. It is, therefore, considered a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, the dose-response relationship between GLP-1 and basal and glucose-stimulated prehepatic insulin secretion rate (ISR) is currently not known. Seven patients with type 2 diabetes and seven matched nondiabetic control subjects were studied. ISR was determined during a graded glucose infusion of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 mg · kg−1 · min−1 over 150 min on four occasions with infusion of saline or GLP-1 at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 pmol · kg−1 · min−1. GLP-1 enhanced ISR in a dose-dependent manner during the graded glucose infusion from 332 ± 51 to 975 ± 198 pmol/kg in the patients with type 2 diabetes and from 711 ± 123 to 2,415 ± 243 pmol/kg in the control subjects. The β-cell responsiveness to glucose, expressed as the slope of the linear relation between ISR and the glucose concentration, increased in proportion to the GLP-1 dose to 6 times relative to saline at the highest GLP-1 dose in the patients and 11 times in the control subjects, but it was 3 to 5 times lower in the patients with type 2 diabetes compared with healthy subjects at the same GLP-1 dose. During infusion of GLP-1 at 0.5 pmol · kg−1 · min−1 in the patients, the slope of ISR versus glucose became indistinguishable from that of the control subjects without GLP-1. Our results show that GLP-1 increases insulin secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes and control subjects in a dose-dependent manner and that the β-cell responsiveness to glucose may be increased to normal levels with a low dose of GLP-1 infusion. Nevertheless, the results also indicate that the dose-response relation between β-cell responsiveness to glucose and GLP-1 is severely impaired in patients with type 2 diabetes.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
GLP-1-based therapies magnify glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, as seen with significantly improved β-cell function in T2D following short-term infusions of GLP-1 and longer-term treatments with DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists.
“GLP-1–based therapies magnify glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, as seen with significantly improved β-cell function in T2D following short-term infusions of GLP-1 ( 68 , 69 ) and longer-term treatments with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors ( 70 ) and GLP-1 receptor agonists ( 71 , 72 ).”
From β-Cell Failure in Type 2 Diabetes: Postulated Mechanisms and Prospects for Prevention and Treatment (2014) · cites this paper as [69]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Biostatistics: A Foundation for Analysis in the Health Sciences.
Rosenfeld, B., & Daniel, W. W. (1984) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2288760 · Cited by 2,841 · see citing works
Nauck, M. A., Heimesaat, M. M., Orskov, C., Holst, J. J., Ebert, R., & Creutzfeldt, W. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci116186 · Cited by 1,651 · see citing works
Self-citationGlucagon-like peptide 1 promotes satiety and suppresses energy intake in humans.
Flint, A., Raben, A., Astrup, A., & Holst, J. J. (1998) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci990 · Cited by 1,402 · see citing works
Self-citationNauck, M. A., Kleine, N., �rskov, C., Holst, J. J., Willms, B., & Creutzfeldt, W. (1993) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00401145 · Cited by 1,092 · see citing works
Self-citationCauter, E. V., Mestrez, F., Sturis, J., & Polonsky, K. (1992) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.41.3.368 · Cited by 938 · see citing works
Tissue and Plasma Concentrations of Amidated and Glycine-Extended Glucagon-Like Peptide I in Humans
Ørskov, C., Rabenhøj, L., Wettergren, A., Kofod, H., & Holst, J. J. (1994) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.43.4.535 · Cited by 916 · see citing works
Self-citationGutniak, M., Ørkov, C., Holst, J. J., Ahrén, B., & Efendić, S. (1992) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199205143262003 · Cited by 868 · see citing works
Self-citationIslet pathology and the pathogenesis of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus revisited.
Klöppel, G., Löhr, M., Habich, K., Oberholzer, M., & Heitz, P. (1985) · Survey and Synthesis of Pathology Research · doi:10.1159/000156969 · Cited by 645 · see citing works
Cauter, E. V., Mestrez, F., Sturis, J., et al. (1992) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.41.3.368 · Cited by 643 · see citing works
Holz, G. G., Kiihtreiber, W. M., & Habener, J. F. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/361362a0 · Cited by 594 · see citing works
β-cells in type II diabetes mellitus
Porte, D. (1991) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.40.2.166 · Cited by 585 · see citing works
Enzyme immunoassay for intact human insulin in serum or plasma
Andersen, L., Dinesen, B., Jørgensen, P. N., Poulsen, F., & Røder, M. E. (1993) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/39.4.578 · Cited by 519 · see citing works
Nauck, M. A., Bartels, E., Ørskov, C., Ebert, R., & Creutzfeldt, W. (1993) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.76.4.8473405 · Cited by 505 · see citing works
Diminished B cell secretory capacity in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Ward, W. K., Bolgiano, D. C., McKnight, B., Halter, J. B., & Porte, D. (1984) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci111542 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Creutzfeldt, W., Kleine, N., Willms, B., Ørskov, C., Holst, J. J., & Nauck, M. A. (1996) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.19.6.580 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Self-citationInsulin secretory abnormalities in subjects with hyperglycemia due to glucokinase mutations.
Byrne, M. M., Sturis, J., Clément, K., Vionnet, N., Pueyo, M. E., Stoffel, M., Takeda, J., Passa, P., Cohen, D., & Bell, G. I. (1994) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci117064 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Glucagon-like peptide-1, a new hormone of the entero-insular axis
Ørskov, C. (1992) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00429088 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Ørskov, C., Wettergren, A., & Holst, J. J. (1996) · Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3109/00365529609009147 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Self-citationWalsh, J. H., Dockray, G. J., & Mitty, R. D. (1994) · The Endocrinologist · doi:10.1097/00019616-199411000-00012 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Gut Peptides: Biochemistry and Physiology
Chey, W. Y. (1995) · Gastrointestinal Endoscopy · doi:10.1016/s0016-5107(95)70265-2 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Ritzel, R. A., �rskov, C., Holst, J. J., & Nauck, M. A. (1995) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00401846 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Self-citationLarsen, J., Hylleberg, B., Ng, K., & Damsbo, P. (2001) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.24.8.1416 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
ISEC: a program to calculate insulin secretion.
Hovorka, R., Soons, P., & Young, M. A. (1996) · Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/0169-2607(96)01755-5 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
The β-Cell in Diabetes: From Molecular Genetics to Clinical Research
Polonsky, K. S. (1995) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.44.6.705 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Banting lecture 1990. Beta-cells in type II diabetes mellitus
Porte, D. (1991) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.40.2.166 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Åhrén, B., Larsson, H., & Holst, J. J. (1997) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.82.2.3728 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Self-citationRachman, J., Gribble, F. M., Barrow, B. A., Lévy, J., Buchanan, K. D., & Turner, R. C. (1996) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.45.11.1524 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Larsson, H. E., Holst, J. J., & Åhrén, B. (1997) · Acta Physiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1046/j.1365-201x.1997.00161.x · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Self-citationInsulin secretion and clearance during low-dose graded glucose infusion
Byrne, M. M., Sturis, J., & Polonsky, K. S. (1995) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1995.268.1.e21 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Type II Diabetes, Glucose “Non-Sense,” and Islet Desensitization
Robertson, R. P. (1989) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.38.12.1501 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Elevated plasma glucose 2 h postchallenge predicts defects in beta-cell function
Byrne, M. M., Sturis, J., Sobel, R., & Polonsky, K. S. (1996) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1996.270.4.e572 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Hovorka, R., Koukkou, E. G., Southerden, D., Powrie, J., & Young, M. A. (1998) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s001250050945 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Type II diabetes, glucose "non-sense," and islet desensitization
Robertson, R. P. (1989) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.38.12.1501 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Evaluation of beta-cell secretory capacity using glucagon-like peptide 1.
Vilsbøll, T., Toft-Nielsen, M.-B., Krarup, T., Madsbad, S., Dinesen, B., & Holst, J. J. (2000) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.23.6.807 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationGLP-1-induced alterations in the glucose-stimulated insulin secretory dose-response curve
Brandt, A., Katschinski, M., Arnold, R., Polonsky, K. S., Göke, B., & Byrne, M. M. (2001) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.2001.281.2.e242 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Physiology of Glucagon-like Peptide 1
Holst, J. J. (2007) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00034.2006 · Cited by 3,371 · see citing works
Self-citationDeFronzo, R. A. (2009) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db09-9028 · Cited by 3,016 · see citing works
DeFronzo, R. A., Ferrannini, E., Groop, L., Henry, R. R., Herman, W. H., Holst, J. J., Hu, F. B., Kahn, C. R., Raz, I., Shulman, G. I., et al. (2015) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2015.19 · Cited by 2,611 · see citing works
Self-citationPancreatic regulation of glucose homeostasis.
Röder, P. V., Wu, B., Liu, Y., & Han, W. (2016) · Experimental & Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/emm.2016.6 · Cited by 985 · see citing works
Incretin hormones: Their role in health and disease
Nauck, M. A., & Meier, J. J. (2018) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.13129 · Cited by 950 · see citing works
Role of incretin hormones in the regulation of insulin secretion in diabetic and nondiabetic humans
Holst, J. J., & Gromada, J. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00545.2003 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
Self-citationGlucagon-like peptide 1 in health and disease
Andersen, A., Lund, A., Knop, F. K., & Vilsbøll, T. (2018) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-018-0016-2 · Cited by 543 · see citing works
Gut microbiota, obesity and diabetes
Patterson, E., Ryan, P. M., Cryan, J. F., Dinan, T. G., Ross, R. P., Fitzgerald, G. F., & Stanton, C. (2016) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133285 · Cited by 552 · see citing works
Physiology of Proglucagon Peptides: Role of Glucagon and GLP-1 in Health and Disease
Sandoval, D. A., & D'Alessio, D. A. (2015) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00013.2014 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of GLP-1-Based Therapies beyond Glucose Control
Lee, Y.-S., & Jun, H.-S. (2016) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2016/3094642 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
Nauck, M. A., & Meier, J. J. (2016) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00482-9 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
Ahrén, B., Gomis, R., Standl, E., Mills, D., & Schweizer, A. (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.12.2874 · Cited by 487 · see citing works
β-Cell Failure in Type 2 Diabetes: Postulated Mechanisms and Prospects for Prevention and Treatment
Halban, P. A., Polonsky, K. S., Bowden, D. W., Hawkins, M. A., Ling, C., Mather, K. J., Powers, A. C., Rhodes, C. J., Sussel, L., & Weir, G. C. (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-0396 · Cited by 460 · see citing works
Secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in type 2 diabetes: what is up, what is down?
Nauck, M. A., Vardarli, I., Deacon, C. F., Holst, J. J., & Meier, J. J. (2011) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-010-1896-4 · Cited by 465 · see citing works
Self-citationGraaf, C. D., Donnelly, D., Wootten, D., Lau, J., Sexton, P. M., Miller, L. J., Ahn, J.-M., Liao, J., Fletcher, M. M., Yang, D., et al. (2016) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.115.011395 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Højberg, P. V., Vilsbøll, T., Rabøl, R., Knop, F. K., Bache, M., Krarup, T., Holst, J. J., & Madsbad, S. (2009) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-008-1195-5 · Cited by 414 · see citing works
Self-citationNauck, M. A., Quast, D. R., Wefers, J., & Pfeiffer, A. F. H. (2021) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14496 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Mari, A., Sallas, W. M., He, Y. L., Watson, C., Ligueros-Saylan, M., Dunning, B. E., Deacon, C. F., Holst, J. J., & Foley, J. E. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-2460 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Self-citationReduced Incretin Effect in Type 2 Diabetes
Knop, F. K., Vilsbøll, T., Højberg, P. V., Larsen, S., Madsbad, S., Vølund, A., Holst, J. J., & Krarup, T. (2007) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db07-0100 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Self-citationJørgensen, N. B., Jacobsen, S. H., Dirksen, C., Bojsen-Møller, K. N., Naver, L., Hvolris, L., Clausen, T. R., Wulff, B. S., Worm, D., Lindqvist Hansen, D., et al. (2012) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00073.2012 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1) in biology and pathology
Meier, J. J., & Nauck, M. A. (2005) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.538 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications of GLP-1 and dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists
Liu, Q. K. (2024) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1431292 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
The incretin system in healthy humans: The role of GIP and GLP-1
Holst, J. J. (2019) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2019.04.014 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Self-citationImpaired regulation of the incretin effect in patients with type 2 diabetes
Bagger, J. I., Knop, F. K., Lund, A., Vestergaard, H., Holst, J. J., & Vilsbøll, T. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2010-2435 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 on Oxidative Stress and Nrf2 Signaling
Oh, Y., & Jun, H.-S. (2017) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms19010026 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
“Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone that is produced mainly by the enteroendocrine L cells in the distal intestine in response to nutrient ingestion [5,14,15].”
BackgroundMeier, J. J., & Nauck, M. A. (2010) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db09-1899 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Zhao, C., Yang, C., Wai, S. T. C., Zhang, Y., P. Portillo, M., Paoli, P., Wu, Y., San Cheang, W., Liu, B., Carpéné, C., et al. (2019) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2018.1501658 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Mentis, N., Vardarli, I., Köthe, L. D., Holst, J. J., Deacon, C. F., Theodorakis, M., Meier, J. J., & Nauck, M. A. (2011) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db10-1332 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Self-citationIncretin hormones and type 2 diabetes
Nauck, M. A., & Müller, T. D. (2023) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-023-05956-x · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Bahne, E., Sun, E. W. L., Young, R. L., Hansen, M., Sonne, D. P., Hansen, J. S., Rohde, U., Liou, A. P., Jackson, M. L., de Fontgalland, D., et al. (2018) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.93936 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Solomon, T. P., Haus, J. M., Kelly, K. R., Cook, M. D., Filion, J., Rocco, M., Kashyap, S. R., Watanabe, R. M., Barkoukis, H., & Kirwan, J. P. (2010) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2010.29771 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
The role of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 impairment in obesity and potential therapeutic implications
Madsbad, S. (2014) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12119 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Self-citationTanycytes control hypothalamic liraglutide uptake and its anti-obesity actions
Imbernon, M., Saponaro, C., Helms, H. C. C., Duquenne, M., Fernandois, D., Deligia, E., Denis, R. G. P., Chao, D. H. M., Rasika, S., Staels, B., et al. (2022) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2022.06.002 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Effect of endogenous GLP-1 on insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes
Salehi, M., Aulinger, B., Prigeon, R. L., & D'Alessio, D. A. (2010) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db09-1253 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Ronveaux, C. C., Tomé, D., & Raybould, H. E. (2015) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.114.206029 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
GLP-1 physiology in obesity and development of incretin-based drugs for chronic weight management
Holst, J. J. (2024) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-024-01113-9 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationFrandsen, C. S., Dejgaard, T. F., Holst, J. J., Andersen, H. U., Thorsteinsson, B., & Madsbad, S. (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-1037 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citationIncretins in obesity and diabetes
Chia, C. W., & Egan, J. M. (2020) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.14211 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Højberg, P. V., Zander, M., Vilsbøll, T., Knop, F. K., Krarup, T., Vølund, A., Holst, J. J., & Madsbad, S. (2008) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-008-0943-x · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Self-citationKCNQ1 Long QT Syndrome Patients Have Hyperinsulinemia and Symptomatic Hypoglycemia
Torekov, S. S., Iepsen, E., Christiansen, M., Linneberg, A., Pedersen, O., Holst, J. J., Kanters, J. K., & Hansen, T. (2014) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db13-1454 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationCharacterization of GLP-1 Effects on β-Cell Function After Meal Ingestion in Humans
Ahrén, B., Holst, J. J., & Mari, A. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.10.2860 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, W., Liu, H., Xiao, S., Liu, S., Li, X., & Yu, P. (2017) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-017-0282-3 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
GIP and GLP-1 receptor antagonism during a meal in healthy individuals
Gasbjerg, L. S., Helsted, M. M., Hartmann, B., Sparre-Ulrich, A. H., Veedfald, S., Stensen, S., Lanng, A. R., Bergmann, N. C., Christensen, M. B., Vilsbøll, T., et al. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgz175 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationIncretin dysfunction in type 2 diabetes: Clinical impact and future perspectives
Ahrén, B. (2013) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2013.03.001 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Exenatide: a GLP-1 receptor agonist as novel therapy for Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Briones, M., & Bajaj, M. (2006) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.7.8.1055 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Mechanisms and clinical efficacy of lixisenatide for the management of type 2 diabetes
Horowitz, M., Rayner, C. K., & Jones, K. L. (2013) · Advances in Therapy · doi:10.1007/s12325-013-0009-4 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Højberg, P. V., Vilsbøll, T., Zander, M., Knop, F. K., Krarup, T., Vølund, A., Holst, J. J., & Madsbad, S. (2008) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02579.x · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationMartin, C. M. A., Irwin, N., Flatt, P. R., & Gault, V. A. (2013) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects · doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.03.011 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Effect of exenatide on splanchnic and peripheral glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetic subjects
Cersosimo, E., Gastaldelli, A., Cervera, A., Wajcberg, E., Sriwijilkamol, A., Fernandez, M., Zuo, P., Petz, R., Triplitt, C., Musi, N., et al. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2010-2146 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Kushima, H., Mori, Y., Koshibu, M., Hiromura, M., Kohashi, K., Terasaki, M., Fukui, T., & Hirano, T. (2017) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-017-0603-x · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Clinical Pharmacology of Incretin Therapies for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Implications for Treatment
Neumiller, J. J. (2011) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2011.04.024 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Therapies for inter-relating diabetes and obesity – GLP-1 and obesity
Iepsen, E. W., Torekov, S. S., & Holst, J. J. (2014) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.2014.965678 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationArredouani, A. (2025) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2025.108824 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Mechanism of glucagon-like peptide 1 improvements in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity.
Nolen-Doerr, E., Stockman, M.-C., & Rizo, I. (2019) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-019-00350-4 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Cao, C., Zheng, F., Liu, C., & Tian, X. (2026) · Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10557-025-07670-9 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The incretin effect in obese adolescents with and without type 2 diabetes: impaired or intact?
Aulinger, B. A., Vahl, T. P., Prigeon, R. L., D'Alessio, D. A., & Elder, D. A. (2016) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00496.2015 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Holst, J. J. (2021) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/dbi21-0026 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationGLP-1 mimetics and diabetic ketoacidosis: possible interactions and clinical consequences
Forouzanmehr, B., Hemmati, M. A., Atkin, S. L., Jamialahmadi, T., Yaribeygi, H., & Sahebkar, A. (2025) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00210-024-03384-1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kjems, L. L., Holst, J. J., Vølund, A., & Madsbad, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Novo Nordisk (Denmark) (DK)
- Venue
- Diabetes
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2003-02-01
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 380-386
- ISSN
- 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-327X
- OpenAlex
- W2140978079
- Cited by
- 582
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 36
- FWCI
- 9.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetes (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Sundhed og Sygdom, Det Frie Forskningsråd
- Novo Nordisk
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- glucagon-like peptide-1, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, type 2 diabetes, dose-response relationship, beta-cell function
- MeSH terms
- Insulin Secretion, Blood Glucose, C-Peptide, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Glucagon, Humans, Infusions, Intravenous, Insulin, Islets of Langerhans, Kinetics, Male, Peptide Fragments, Protein Precursors, Reference Values, Glucose Clamp Technique, Area Under Curve, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
