Discovery, characterization, and clinical development of the glucagon-like peptides

Liraglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes

Marso, S. P., Daniels, G. H., Brown-Frandsen, K., Kristensen, P., Mann, J. F. E., Nauck, M. A., Nissen, S. E., Pocock, S., Poulter, N. R., Ravn, L. S., et al. (2016) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1603827 · Cited by 7,629 · cited 1× · see citing works

Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Marso, S. P., Bain, S. C., Consoli, A., Eliaschewitz, F. G., Jódar, E., Leiter, L. A., Lingvay, I., Rosenstock, J., Seufert, J., Warren, M. L., et al. (2016) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1607141 · Cited by 6,900 · cited 1× · see citing works

A Randomized, Controlled Trial of 3.0 mg of Liraglutide in Weight Management

Pi-Sunyer, X., Astrup, A., Fujioka, K., Greenway, F., Halpern, A., Krempf, M., Lau, D. C. W., le Roux, C. W., Violante Ortiz, R., Jensen, C. B., et al. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1411892 · Cited by 2,724 · see citing works

Lixisenatide in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Acute Coronary Syndrome

Pfeffer, M. A., Claggett, B., Diaz, R., Dickstein, K., Gerstein, H. C., Køber, L. V., Lawson, F. C., Ping, L., Wei, X., Lewis, E. F., et al. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1509225 · Cited by 2,409 · see citing works

Effects of once-weekly exenatide on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes

Holman, R. R., Bethel, M. A., Mentz, R. J., Thompson, V. P., Lokhnygina, Y., Buse, J. B., Chan, J. C., Choi, J., Gustavson, S. M., Iqbal, N., et al. (2017) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1612917 · Cited by 2,162 · see citing works

Glucagon-like peptide-1 7–36: a physiological incretin in man

Kreymann, B., Ghatei, M. A., Williams, G., & Bloom, S. R. (1987) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(87)91194-9 · Cited by 1,928 · see citing works

Effect of 6-week course of glucagon-like peptide 1 on glycaemic control, insulin sensitivity, and β-cell function in type 2 diabetes: a parallel-group study

Zander, M., Madsbad, S., Madsen, J. L., & Holst, J. J. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)07952-7 · Cited by 1,297 · see citing works

Normalization of fasting hyperglycaemia by exogenous glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36 amide) in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients

Nauck, M. A., Kleine, N., �rskov, C., Holst, J. J., Willms, B., & Creutzfeldt, W. (1993) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00401145 · Cited by 1,092 · see citing works

Exenatide once weekly versus twice daily for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a randomised, open-label, non-inferiority study

Drucker, D. J., Buse, J. B., Taylor, K., Kendall, D. M., Trautmann, M., Zhuang, D., & Porter, L. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61206-4 · Cited by 1,070 · see citing works

Cardioprotective and Vasodilatory Actions of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Are Mediated Through Both Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor–Dependent and –Independent Pathways

Ban, K., Noyan-Ashraf, M. H., Hoefer, J., Bolz, S.-S., Drucker, D. J., & Husain, M. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.107.739938 · Cited by 1,057 · see citing works

The Glucagon-Like Peptides

Kieffer, T. J., & Habener, J. F. (1999) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.20.6.0385 · Cited by 1,056 · see citing works

Isolation and characterization of exendin-4, an exendin-3 analogue, from Heloderma suspectum venom. Further evidence for an exendin receptor on dispersed acini from guinea pig pancreas.

Eng, J., Kleinman, W. A., Singh, L., Singh, G., & Raufman, J. P. (1992) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)42531-8 · Cited by 1,000 · see citing works

Glucagon-like peptide I stimulates insulin gene expression and increases cyclic AMP levels in a rat islet cell line.

Drucker, D. J., Philippe, J., Mojsov, S., Chick, W. L., & Habener, J. F. (1987) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.84.10.3434 · Cited by 903 · see citing works

Exenatide once weekly versus placebo in Parkinson's disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Athauda, D., Maclagan, K., Skene, S. S., Bajwa-Joseph, M., Letchford, D., Chowdhury, K., Hibbert, S., Budnik, N., Zampedri, L., Dickson, J., et al. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31585-4 · Cited by 889 · see citing works

Insulinotropin: glucagon-like peptide I (7-37) co-encoded in the glucagon gene is a potent stimulator of insulin release in the perfused rat pancreas.

Mojsov, S., Weir, G. C., & Habener, J. F. (1987) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci112855 · Cited by 882 · see citing works

Induction of intestinal epithelial proliferation by glucagon-like peptide 2.

Drucker, D. J., Erlich, P., Asa, S. L., & Brubaker, P. L. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.15.7911 · Cited by 880 · see citing works

Both Subcutaneously and Intravenously Administered Glucagon-Like Peptide I Are Rapidly Degraded From the NH2-Terminus in Type II Diabetic Patients and in Healthy Subjects

Deacon, C. F., Nauck, M. A., Toft-Nielsen, M.-B., Pridal, L., Willms, B., & Holst, J. J. (1995) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.44.9.1126 · Cited by 878 · see citing works

STIMULATION OF INSULIN SECRETION BY GASTRIC INHIBITORY POLYPEPTIDE IN MAN. ¹

Dupre, J., Ross, S. A., Watson, D., & Brown, J. C. (1973) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-37-5-826 · Cited by 860 · see citing works

Glucose intolerance but normal satiety in mice with a null mutation in the glucagon–like peptide 1 receptor gene

Scrocchi, L. A., Brown, T. J., Maclusky, N., Brubaker, P. L., Auerbach, A. B., Joyner, A. L., & Drucker, D. J. (1996) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1196-1254 · Cited by 793 · see citing works

Degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1 by human plasma in vitro yields an N-terminally truncated peptide that is a major endogenous metabolite in vivo.

Deacon, C. F., Johnsen, A. H., & Holst, J. J. (1995) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.80.3.7883856 · Cited by 792 · see citing works

Glucose Sensing in L Cells: A Primary Cell Study

Reimann, F., Habib, A. M., Tolhurst, G., Parker, H. E., Rogers, G. J., & Gribble, F. M. (2008) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2008.11.002 · Cited by 733 · cited 1× · see citing works

Preproglucagon gene expression in pancreas and intestine diversifies at the level of post-translational processing

Mojsov, S., Heinrich, G., Wilson, I. B., Ravazzola, M., Orci, L., & Habener, J. F. (1986) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)67324-7 · Cited by 724 · see citing works

Truncated GLP-1 (proglucagon 78?107-amide) inhibits gastric and pancreatic functions in man

Wettergren, A., Schjoldager, B., Mortensen, P. E., Myhre, J., Christiansen, J., & Holst, J. J. (1993) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/bf01316798 · Cited by 670 · see citing works

The Cardiovascular Biology of Glucagon-like Peptide-1

Drucker, D. J. (2016) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.06.009 · Cited by 665 · see citing works

The proprotein convertases

Steiner, D. F. (1998) · Current Opinion in Chemical Biology · doi:10.1016/s1367-5931(98)80033-1 · Cited by 650 · see citing works

Hamster preproglucagon contains the sequence of glucagon and two related peptides

Bell, G. I., Santerre, R. F., & Mullenbach, G. T. (1983) · Nature · doi:10.1038/302716a0 · Cited by 649 · see citing works

A rationally designed monomeric peptide triagonist corrects obesity and diabetes in rodents

Finan, B., Yang, B., Ottaway, N., Smiley, D. L., Ma, T., Clemmensen, C., Chabenne, J., Zhang, L., Habegger, K. M., Fischer, K., et al. (2015) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3761 · Cited by 645 · see citing works

Truncated glucagon‐like peptide I, an insulin‐releasing hormone from the distal gut

Holst, J. J., Ørskov, C., Nielsen, O. V., & Schwartz, T. W. (1987) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(87)81430-8 · Cited by 611 · see citing works

Exon duplication and divergence in the human preproglucagon gene

Bell, G. I., Sanchez-Pescador, R., Laybourn, P. J., & Najarian, R. C. (1983) · Nature · doi:10.1038/304368a0 · Cited by 593 · see citing works

Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Signaling Modulates β Cell Apoptosis

Li, Y., Hansotia, T., Yusta, B., Ris, F., Halban, P. A., & Drucker, D. J. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m209423200 · Cited by 589 · see citing works

GLP-1R Agonist Liraglutide Activates Cytoprotective Pathways and Improves Outcomes After Experimental Myocardial Infarction in Mice

Noyan-Ashraf, M. H., Momen, M. A., Ban, K., Sadi, A.-M., Zhou, Y.-Q., Riazi, A. M., Baggio, L. L., Henkelman, R. M., Husain, M., & Drucker, D. J. (2009) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db08-1193 · Cited by 575 · see citing works

Glucagon-like peptide 2 improves nutrient absorption and nutritional status in short-bowel patients with no colon

Jeppesen, P. B., Hartmann, B., Thulesen, J., Graff, J., Lohmann, J., Hansen, B. S., Tofteng, F., Poulsen, S. S., Madsen, J. L., Holst, J. J., et al. (2001) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/gast.2001.22555 · Cited by 532 · see citing works

GLP-1 receptor activation and epac2 link atrial natriuretic peptide secretion to control of blood pressure

Kim, M., Platt, M. J., Shibasaki, T., Quaggin, S. E., Backx, P. H., Seino, S., Simpson, J. A., & Drucker, D. J. (2013) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3128 · Cited by 514 · see citing works

Effect of Oral Semaglutide Compared With Placebo and Subcutaneous Semaglutide on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Davies, M., Pieber, T. R., Hartoft-Nielsen, M.-L., Hansen, O. K. H., Jabbour, S., & Rosenstock, J. (2017) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2017.14752 · Cited by 506 · see citing works

Teduglutide Reduces Need for Parenteral Support Among Patients With Short Bowel Syndrome With Intestinal Failure

Jeppesen, P. B., Pertkiewicz, M., Messing, B., Iyer, K., Seidner, D. L., O'keefe, S. J. D., Forbes, A., Heinze, H., & Joelsson, B. (2012) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.09.007 · Cited by 505 · see citing works

Inhibition of the activity of dipeptidyl-peptidase IV as a treatment for type 2 diabetes.

Holst, J. J., & Deacon, C. F. (1998) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.47.11.1663 · Cited by 487 · see citing works

Glucagon-Like Peptides GLP-1 and GLP-2, Predicted Products of the Glucagon Gene, Are Secreted Separately from Pig Small Intestine but Not Pancreas*

Ørskov, C., Holst, J. J., Knuhtsen, S., Baldissera, F. G. A., Poulsen, S. S., & Nielsen, O. V. (1986) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-119-4-1467 · Cited by 484 · see citing works

GLP-1 receptor activation improves β cell function and survival following induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress

Yusta, B., Baggio, L. L., Estall, J. L., Koehler, J. A., Holland, D. P., Li, H., Pipeleers, D., Ling, Z., & Drucker, D. J. (2006) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2006.10.001 · Cited by 444 · see citing works

Effect of Truncated Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 [Proglucagon-(78–107) amide] on Endocrine Secretion from Pig Pancreas, Antrum, and Nonantral Stomach

Ørskov, C., Holst, J. J., & Nielsen, O. V. (1988) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-123-4-2009 · Cited by 400 · see citing works

Radioimmunological determination of pancreatic and gut glucagon in plasma

Hedïng, L. G. (1971) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf02346248 · Cited by 394 · see citing works

GLP-1 Receptor Activation Indirectly Reduces Hepatic Lipid Accumulation But Does Not Attenuate Development of Atherosclerosis in Diabetic Male ApoE−/− Mice

Panjwani, N., Mulvihill, E. E., Longuet, C., Yusta, B., Campbell, J. E., Brown, T. J., Streutker, C., Holland, D., Cao, X., Baggio, L. L., et al. (2013) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2012-1937 · Cited by 346 · see citing works

A Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide II: The Complete Amino Acid Sequence

Brown, J. C., & Dryburgh, J. R. (1971) · Canadian Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1139/o71-122 · Cited by 344 · see citing works

Physiology and Pharmacology of the Enteroendocrine Hormone Glucagon-Like Peptide-2

Drucker, D. J., & Yusta, B. (2013) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021113-170317 · Cited by 344 · see citing works

The protective roles of GLP-1R signaling in diabetic nephropathy: possible mechanism and therapeutic potential

Fujita, H., Morii, T., Fujishima, H., Sato, T., Shimizu, T., Hosoba, M., Tsukiyama, K., Narita, T., Takahashi, T., Drucker, D. J., et al. (2014) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/ki.2013.427 · Cited by 336 · see citing works

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibition potentiates the insulinotropic effect of glucagon-like peptide 1 in the anesthetized pig.

Deacon, C. F., Hughes, T. E., & Holst, J. J. (1998) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.47.5.764 · Cited by 321 · see citing works

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV resistant analogues of glucagon-like peptide-1 which have extended metabolic stability and improved biological activity

Deacon, C. F., Knudsen, L. B., Madsen, K., Wiberg, F. C., Jacobsen, O., & Holst, J. J. (1998) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s001250050903 · Cited by 304 · see citing works

Activation of proglucagon gene transcription by protein kinase-A in a novel mouse enteroendocrine cell line

Drucker, D. J., Jin, T., Asa, S. L., Young, T. A., & Brubaker, P. L. (1994) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/mend.8.12.7535893 · Cited by 303 · see citing works

Mechanisms of changes in glucose metabolism and bodyweight after bariatric surgery

Madsbad, S., Dirksen, C., & Holst, J. J. (2014) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(13)70218-3 · Cited by 299 · see citing works

Pancreatic preproglucagon cDNA contains two glucagon-related coding sequences arranged in tandem

Lund, P. K., Goodman, R. H., Dee, P. C., & Habener, J. F. (1982) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.79.2.345 · Cited by 295 · see citing works

Blockade of Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Corrects Postprandial Hypoglycemia After Gastric Bypass

Salehi, M., Gastaldelli, A., & D'Alessio, D. A. (2014) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2013.11.044 · Cited by 289 · see citing works

GLP-1R Agonists Modulate Enteric Immune Responses Through the Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocyte GLP-1R

Yusta, B., Baggio, L. L., Koehler, J., Holland, D., Cao, X., Pinnell, L. J., Johnson-Henry, K. C., Yeung, W., Surette, M. G., Bang, K. W. A., et al. (2015) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db14-1577 · Cited by 282 · see citing works

Regulation of the biological activity of glucagon-like peptide 2 in vivo by dipeptidyl peptidase IV

Drucker, D. J., Shi, Q., Crivici, A., Sumner-Smith, M., Tavares, W., Hill, M. E., DeForest, L., Cooper, S., & Brubaker, P. L. (1997) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt0797-673 · Cited by 278 · see citing works

Incretin Action in the Pancreas: Potential Promise, Possible Perils, and Pathological Pitfalls

Drucker, D. J. (2013) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db13-0822 · Cited by 272 · see citing works

Glucagon gene expression in vertebrate brain.

Drucker, D. J., & Asa, S. (1988) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)68261-4 · Cited by 265 · see citing works

Intestinal function in mice with small bowel growth induced by glucagon-like peptide-2

Brubaker, P. L., Izzo, A. A., Hill, M., & Drucker, D. J. (1997) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1997.272.6.e1050 · Cited by 256 · see citing works

GLP-2 augments the adaptive response to massive intestinal resection in rat

Scott, R. B., Kirk, D. R., MacNaughton, W. K., & Meddings, J. B. (1998) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.1998.275.5.g911 · Cited by 237 · see citing works

Mammalian pancreatic preproglucagon contains three glucagon-related peptides.

Lopez, L. C., Frazier, M. L., Su, C. J., Kumar, A., & Saunders, G. F. (1983) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.80.18.5485 · Cited by 234 · see citing works

Unimolecular Polypharmacy for Treatment of Diabetes and Obesity

Tschöp, M. H., Finan, B., Clemmensen, C., Gelfanov, V. M., Pérez–Tilve, D., Müller, T. D., & DiMarchi, R. D. (2016) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.06.021 · Cited by 232 · see citing works

Structure, measurement, and secretion of human glucagon-like peptide-2

Hartmann, B., Johnsen, A. H., Ørskov, C., Adelhorst, K., Thim, L., & Holst, J. J. (2000) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/s0196-9781(99)00176-x · Cited by 221 · see citing works

Complete Sequences of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 from Human and Pig Small Intestine

Ørskov, C., Bersani, M., Johnsen, A. H., Højrup, P., & Holst, J. J. (1989) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)51561-1 · Cited by 210 · see citing works

Pancreatic and intestinal processing of proglucagon in man

Ørskov, C., Holst, J. J., Poulsen, S. S., & Kirkegaard, P. O. (1987) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00274797 · Cited by 210 · see citing works

Pharmacokinetic, insulinotropic, and glucagonostatic properties of GLP-1 [7?36 amide] after subcutaneous injection in healthy volunteers. Dose-response-relationships

Ritzel, R. A., �rskov, C., Holst, J. J., & Nauck, M. A. (1995) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00401846 · Cited by 210 · see citing works

Glucagon gene sequence. Four of six exons encode separate functional domains of rat pre-proglucagon

Heinrich, G., Gros, P., & Habener, J. F. (1984) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)89859-3 · Cited by 207 · see citing works

Effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (proglucagon 78-107amide) on hepatic glucose production in healthy man

Hvidberg, A., Nielsen, M.-B., Hilsted, J., Ørskov, C., & Holst, J. J. (1994) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(94)90164-3 · Cited by 195 · see citing works

Glucagon-like peptide 2 decreases mortality and reduces the severity of indomethacin-induced murine enteritis

Boushey, R. P., Yusta, B., & Drucker, D. J. (1999) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1999.277.5.e937 · Cited by 179 · see citing works

Evidence that enteroglucagon (II) is identical with the C-terminal sequence (residues 33-69) of glicentin

Holst, J. J. (1982) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj2070381 · Cited by 177 · see citing works

Human [Gly2]GLP-2 reduces the severity of colonic injury in a murine model of experimental colitis

Drucker, D. J., Yusta, B., Boushey, R. P., DeForest, L., & Brubaker, P. L. (1999) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.1999.276.1.g79 · Cited by 176 · see citing works

Regulation of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Synthesis and Secretion in the GLUTag Enteroendocrine Cell Line1

BRUBAKER, P. L., Schloos, J., & Drucker, D. J. (1998) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.139.10.6228 · Cited by 168 · see citing works

Tissue-specific Expression of Unique mRNAs That Encode Proglucagon-derived Peptides or Exendin 4 in the Lizard

Chen, Y. E., & Drucker, D. J. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.7.4108 · Cited by 167 · see citing works

Both amidated and nonamidated forms of glucagon-like peptide I are synthesized in the rat intestine and the pancreas.

Mojsov, S., Kopczynski, M. G., & Habener, J. F. (1990) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)39030-1 · Cited by 159 · see citing works

Pre-proglucagon messenger ribonucleic acid: nucleotide and encoded amino acid sequences of the rat pancreatic complementary deoxyribonucleic acid

HEINRICH, G., GROS, P., LUND, P. K., BENTLEY, R. C., & HABENER, J. F. (1984) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-115-6-2176 · Cited by 158 · see citing works

Generation of L Cells in Mouse and Human Small Intestine Organoids

Petersen, N., Reimann, F. M., Bartfeld, S., Farin, H. F., Ringnalda, F. C. A. S., Vries, R. G. J., van den Brink, S., Clevers, H. C., Gribble, F. M., & de Koning, E. J. P. (2013) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db13-0991 · Cited by 156 · see citing works

Alpha-Cell-Specific Expression of the Glucagon Gene Is Conferred to the Glucagon Promoter Element by the Interactions of DNA-Binding Proteins

Philippé, J., Drucker, D. J., Knepel, W., Jepeal, L. I., Misulovin, Z., & Habener, J. F. (1988) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.8.11.4877 · Cited by 151 · see citing works

Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-2 reduces chemotherapy-associated mortality and enhances cell survival in cells expressing a transfected GLP-2 receptor.

Boushey, R. P., Yusta, B., & Drucker, D. J. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 150 · see citing works

Glucagon gene 5'-flanking sequences direct expression of simian virus 40 large T antigen to the intestine, producing carcinoma of the large bowel in transgenic mice.

Lee, Y. C., Asa, S. L., & Drucker, D. J. (1992) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)50075-8 · Cited by 146 · see citing works

Anglerfish islet pre-proglucagon II. Nucleotide and corresponding amino acid sequence of the cDNA

Lund, P. K., Goodman, R. H., Montminy, M. R., Dee, P. C., & Habener, J. F. (1983) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)32858-8 · Cited by 146 · see citing works

Proglucagon gene expression is regulated by a cyclic AMP-dependent pathway in rat intestine.

Drucker, D. J., & BRUBAKER, P. L. (1989) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.86.11.3953 · Cited by 134 · see citing works

GLP-1R Agonists Promote Normal and Neoplastic Intestinal Growth through Mechanisms Requiring Fgf7

Koehler, J. A., Baggio, L. L., Yusta, B., Longuet, C., Rowland, K. J., Cao, X., Holland, D., Brubaker, P. L., & Drucker, D. J. (2015) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.02.005 · Cited by 133 · see citing works

Effect of porcine gastric inhibitory polypeptide on β-cell function in type I and type II diabetes mellitus

Krarup, T., Saurbrey, N., Moody, A. J., Kühl, C., & Madsbad, S. (1987) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(87)90153-3 · Cited by 128 · see citing works

Evidence that glicentin contains the entire sequence of glucagon

Holst, J. J. (1980) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj1870337 · Cited by 122 · see citing works

Conversion of proglucagon in pancreatic alpha cells: the major endproducts are glucagon and a single peptide, the major proglucagon fragment, that contains two glucagon-like sequences.

Patzelt, C., & Schiltz, E. (1984) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.81.16.5007 · Cited by 118 · see citing works

Gut glucagon, enteroglucagon, gut glucagonlike immunoreactivity, glicentin—Current status

Holst, J. J. (1983) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/0016-5085(83)90388-8 · Cited by 117 · see citing works

Human glucagon‐like peptides 1 and 2 activate rat brain adenylate cyclase

Hoosein, N. M., & Gurd, R. S. (1984) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(84)81245-4 · Cited by 113 · see citing works

Exendin-(9–39) Is an Inverse Agonist of the Murine Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor: Implications for Basal Intracellular Cyclic Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate Levels and β-Cell Glucose Competence**This work was supported by Grant 31-46958.96 from the Swiss National Science Foundation (to B.T.).

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