Cited by 93Diabetes Treatment and ManagementPancreatic function and diabetesAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases

Incretins in obesity and diabetes

Open access
Chia, Chee W., Egan, Josephine M.·2020·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

Abstract

Incretins are hormones secreted from enteroendocrine cells after nutrient intake that stimulate insulin secretion from β cells in a glucose‐dependent manner. Glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) are the only two known incretins. Dysregulation of incretin secretion and actions are noted in diseases such as obesity and diabetes. In this review, we first summarize our traditional understanding of the physiology of GIP and GLP‐1, and our current knowledge of the relationships between GIP and GLP‐1 and obesity and diabetes. Next, we present the results from major randomized controlled trials on the use of GLP‐1 receptor agonists for managing type 2 diabetes, and emerging data on treating obesity and prediabetes. We conclude with a glimpse of the future with possible complex interactions between nutrients, gut microbiota, the endocannabinoid system, and enteroendocrine cells.

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  • Because of their impact on weight reduction, incretins may find increasing use in diabesity.

    “Because of the impact on weight reduction, incretins may find increasing use in diabesity, which is the coexistence of diabetes and obesity (193).”

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  1. [16]Brown JC & Pedersen RA. 1977. GI hormones and insulin secretion. In Proceedings of the 5th International Congress of Endocrinology, Vol. 2, 568– 570. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica.

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Authors
Chia, C. W., & Egan, J. M.
Affiliations
National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author
Chia, Chee W.
Venue
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2019-08-07
Volume
1461
Issue
1
Pages
104-126
ISSN
  • 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
  • 1749-6632
OpenAlex
W2968169723
Cited by
93
References
280
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 1
FWCI
1.96
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation
  • National Institute on Aging (Intramural Research Program)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Keywords
incretins, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide-1, obesity, type 2 diabetes, GLP-1 receptor agonists, prediabetes, enteroendocrine cells, gut microbiota, endocannabinoid system, insulin secretion
MeSH terms
Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Obesity, Guidelines as Topic, Incretins, Endocannabinoids

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