Incretins in obesity and diabetes
Open accessAbstract
Incretins are hormones secreted from enteroendocrine cells after nutrient intake that stimulate insulin secretion from β cells in a glucose‐dependent manner. Glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) are the only two known incretins. Dysregulation of incretin secretion and actions are noted in diseases such as obesity and diabetes. In this review, we first summarize our traditional understanding of the physiology of GIP and GLP‐1, and our current knowledge of the relationships between GIP and GLP‐1 and obesity and diabetes. Next, we present the results from major randomized controlled trials on the use of GLP‐1 receptor agonists for managing type 2 diabetes, and emerging data on treating obesity and prediabetes. We conclude with a glimpse of the future with possible complex interactions between nutrients, gut microbiota, the endocannabinoid system, and enteroendocrine cells.
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Because of their impact on weight reduction, incretins may find increasing use in diabesity.
“Because of the impact on weight reduction, incretins may find increasing use in diabesity, which is the coexistence of diabetes and obesity (193).”
From Diabetes and Sarcopenic Obesity: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatments (2020) · cites this paper as [193]
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- Authors
- Chia, C. W., & Egan, J. M.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chia, Chee W.
- Venue
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2019-08-07
- Volume
- 1461
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 104-126
- ISSN
- 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-6632
- PMC
- PMC10131087
- OpenAlex
- W2968169723
- Cited by
- 93
- References
- 280
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 1.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- National Institute on Aging (Intramural Research Program)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- incretins, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide-1, obesity, type 2 diabetes, GLP-1 receptor agonists, prediabetes, enteroendocrine cells, gut microbiota, endocannabinoid system, insulin secretion
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Obesity, Guidelines as Topic, Incretins, Endocannabinoids
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