The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
An Index of Factorial Simplicity
Abstract
An index of factorial simplicity, employing the quartimax transformational criteria of Carroll, Wrigley and Neuhaus, and Saunders, is developed. This index is both for each row separately and for a factor pattern matrix as a whole. The index varies between zero and one. The problem of calibrating the index is discussed.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Further, the observed components met Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin's (KMO) benchmark (Kaiser, 1974) and the eigen-values of greater than one.”
From Using T-O-E theoretical framework to study the adoption of ERP solution (2016) · cites this paper as Kaiser, 1974
In the citing paper
“PCA was considered feasible if the KMO measure was greater than 0.6 and the Bartlett's test of sphericity p-value was less than 0.05 [41][42][43][44].”
From Evaluation of Autonomous Driving Safety by Operational Design Domains (ODD) in Mixed Traffic (2024) · cites this paper as [41]
In the citing paper
“Results revealed that the sampling adequacy can be accepted with a middling value of KMO = 0.794 (Kaiser, 1974) indicating low partial correlations between variables.”
From Development and Validation of a Theory-Based Questionnaire to Measure Different Types of Cognitive Load (2023) · cites this paper as Kaiser, 1974
In the citing paper
“The item reduction increased the KMO to 0.835 which can be interpreted as a meritorious value (Kaiser, 1974).”
From Development and Validation of a Theory-Based Questionnaire to Measure Different Types of Cognitive Load (2023) · cites this paper as Kaiser, 1974
In the citing paper
“For the remaining 31 items, the Keiser-Meier-Olkin test of sampling adequacy (KMO) was .933, which indicates a good degree of non-unique covariance amongst the set of items”
From The development and initial validation of the cognitive fusion questionnaire (2014) · cites this paper as Kaiser, 1974
Citations
Cites
Lambert, N. M., Ketzenberger, K. E., & Kemp, C. A. (2014) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118660584.ese0122 · Cited by 2,253
Neuhaus, J. O., & Wrigley, C. (1954) · British Journal of Statistical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1954.tb00147.x · Cited by 243
An Analytical Solution for Approximating Simple Structure in Factor Analysis
Carroll, J. B. (1953) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02289025 · Cited by 230
AN ANALYTIC METHOD FOR ROTATION TO ORTHOGONAL SIMPLE STRUCTURE
Saunders, D. R. (1953) · ETS Research Bulletin Series · doi:10.1002/j.2333-8504.1953.tb00890.x · Cited by 58
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 1,001–1,055 of 1,055
The development of the irritable bowel syndrome-behavioral responses questionnaire
Reme, S. E., Darnley, S., Kennedy, T., & Chalder, T. (2010) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.01.025 · Cited by 64
Xu, K., Shen, G. Q., Liu, G., & Martek, I. (2019) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su11020491 · Cited by 64
Nawanir, G., Lim, K. T., & Othman, S. N. (2016) · International Journal of Lean Six Sigma · doi:10.1108/ijlss-06-2014-0013 · Cited by 63
Conceptualising Loneliness in Adolescents: Development and Validation of a Self-report Instrument
Houghton, S., Hattie, J., Wood, L., Carroll, A., Martin, K., & Tan, C. (2014) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-013-0429-z · Cited by 60
Innocenti, M., Perilli, A., Santarelli, G., Carluccio, N., Zjalic, D., Acquadro Maran, D., Ciabini, L., & Cadeddu, C. (2023) · Climate · doi:10.3390/cli11090190 · Cited by 61
Hong, J.-C., Hwang, M.-Y., Hsu, H.-F., Wong, W.-T., & Chen, M.-Y. (2011) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2011.04.011 · Cited by 85
Three-item loneliness scale: psychometric properties and normative data of the Spanish version
Trucharte, A., Calderón, L., Cerezo, E., Contreras, A., Peinado, V., & Valiente, C. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02110-x · Cited by 63
“The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value (Kaiser, 1974) was 0.68, exceeding the recommended value of 0.6 and Bartlett’s test of sphericity (Bartlett, 1954) was also significant, X2 = 2309.72, p .001.”
MethodInfluentialCanivez, G. L., McGill, R. J., Dombrowski, S. C., Watkins, M. W., Pritchard, A. E., & Jacobson, L. A. (2020) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191118811609 · Cited by 53
Openness to Experience and Mortality in Men: Analysis of Trait and Facets
Turiano, N. A., Spiro, A., & Mroczek, D. K. (2012) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/0898264311431303 · Cited by 72
Kirk, E., & Preston, C. (2019) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000736 · Cited by 55
Behavioral Assessment of Core ADHD Symptoms Using the QbTest
Reh, V., Schmidt, M., Lam, L., Schimmelmann, B. G., Hebebrand, J., Rief, W., & Christiansen, H. (2015) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054712472981 · Cited by 51
Anhedonia and blunted affect in major depressive disorder
Loas, G., Salinas, E., Pierson, A., Guelfi, J. D., & Samuel-Lajeunesse, B. (1994) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0010-440x(94)90277-1 · Cited by 48
Pelle, A. J., Denollet, J., Zwisler, A.-D., & Pedersen, S. S. (2009) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2008.05.017 · Cited by 47
Dückers, M. L., Wagner, C., & Groenewegen, P. P. (2008) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/1472-6963-8-172 · Cited by 46
Rodero, B., Pereira, J. P., Pérez-Yus, M. C., Casanueva, B., Serrano-Blanco, A., Rodrigues da Cunha Ribeiro, M. J., Luciano, J. V., & Garcia-Campayo, J. (2013) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/1477-7525-11-62 · Cited by 46
Hooper, L. M. (2014) · Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development · doi:10.1002/j.2161-1912.2014.00047.x · Cited by 42
Challenges and Solutions Perceived by Educators in an Early Childcare Program for Refugee Children
Busch, J., Bihler, L.-M., Lembcke, H., Buchmüller, T., Diers, K., & Leyendecker, B. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01621 · Cited by 37
Watson, J. C., Schein, J., & McMullen, E. (2010) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503300903311285 · Cited by 36
Academic and Business Ethical Misconduct and Cultural Values: A Cross National Comparison
Mirshekary, S., & Lawrence, A. D. K. (2009) · Journal of Academic Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10805-009-9093-0 · Cited by 35
Shi, J., & Wang, F. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02040 · Cited by 35
Cytokine signatures of Plasmodium vivax infection during pregnancy and delivery outcomes
Dobaño, C., Bardají, A., Arévalo-Herrera, M., Martínez-Espinosa, F. E., Bôtto-Menezes, C., Padilla, N., Menegon, M., Kochar, S., Kochar, S. K., Unger, H., et al. (2020) · PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008155 · Cited by 28
Consumer Quality Perception in Traditional Food: Parmigiano Reggiano Cheese
Silvestri, C., Aquilani, B., Piccarozzi, M., & Ruggieri, A. (2020) · Journal of International Food & Agribusiness Marketing · doi:10.1080/08974438.2019.1599754 · Cited by 33
“A KMO value greater than 0.50 (Hair, Black, Babin, Anderson, & Tatham, 2006; Kaiser, 1974; Santouridis & Trivellas, 2010) indicates that factor analysis can be performed, and Table 5 shows the factor analysis performed.”
BackgroundInfluentialPsychometric Analysis and Validation of the Italian Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale
Soraci, P., Ferrari, A., Barberis, N., Luvarà, G., Urso, A., Del Fante, E., & Griffiths, M. D. (2023) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-020-00346-5 · Cited by 32
Tsutsui, T., Hasegawa, Y., Hiraga, M., Ishiki, M., & Asukai, N. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.03.001 · Cited by 31
Deeken, F., Häusler, A., Nordheim, J., Rapp, M., Knoll, N., & Rieckmann, N. (2018) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610217001387 · Cited by 30
Certifications in short food supply chains in the region of Madrid. Part of the alternative?
González-Azcárate, M., Cruz-Maceín, J. L., & Bardají, I. (2022) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2022.107387 · Cited by 27
Nakano, S., & Watkins, M. W. (2013) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.21724 · Cited by 27
Characterizing the ASD–ADHD phenotype: measurement structure and invariance in a clinical sample
Krakowski, A. D., Cost, K. T., Szatmari, P., Anagnostou, E., Crosbie, J., Schachar, R., Duku, E., Georgiades, S., Ayub, M., Kelley, E., et al. (2022) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13609 · Cited by 26
Increased detection of co-morbidities with evaluation at a dedicated adult Turner syndrome clinic
Vincent, A. J., Nguyen, H. H., Ranasinha, S., & Vollenhoven, B. (2017) · Climacteric · doi:10.1080/13697137.2017.1350841 · Cited by 25
Huang, H. (2018) · Universal Access in the Information Society · doi:10.1007/s10209-017-0550-z · Cited by 23
Sierk, A., Travers, E., Economides, M., Loe, B. S., Sun, L., & Bolton, H. (2022) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/34103 · Cited by 21
Tourist rural destination restorative capacity: scale development and validation
Zhai, L., Wang, C., Zhang, T. (., Qiao, H., Gao, Y., Tao, Y., & Liu, J. (2025) · Journal of Travel Research · doi:10.1177/00472875231214743 · Cited by 20
Children’s Online Safety: Predictive Factors of Cyberbullying and Online Grooming Involvement
Tintori, A., Ciancimino, G., Bombelli, I., De Rocchi, D., & Cerbara, L. (2023) · Societies · doi:10.3390/soc13020047 · Cited by 20
Psychometric validation of Young’s Internet Addiction Test among Chinese undergraduate students
Wei, Z., Hassan, N. C., Hassan, S. A., Ismail, N., Gu, X., & Dong, J. (2025) · PLOS One · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0320641 · Cited by 19
AL-Qadri, A. H., Mouas, S., Saraa, N., & Boudouaia, A. (2024) · Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education · doi:10.1186/s40862-024-00253-5 · Cited by 19
Evaluation of Autonomous Driving Safety by Operational Design Domains (ODD) in Mixed Traffic
Kim, H., Ko, J., Oh, C., & Kim, S. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16229672 · Cited by 18
“PCA was considered feasible if the KMO measure was greater than 0.6 and the Bartlett’s test of sphericity p -value was less than 0.05 [41–44].”
InfluentialValidation Study of the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale On a Sample of Bangladeshi People
Ahmed, O., & Hossain, M. A. (2018) · Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy · doi:10.4172/2155-6105.1000369 · Cited by 16
Academia-Industry Linkages for Sustainable Innovation in Agriculture Higher Education in India
Soam, S. K., Subbanna, Y. B., Rathore, S., Sumanth Kumar, V. V., Kumar, S., Vinayagam, S. S., Rakesh, S., Balasani, R., Raju, D. T., Kumar, A., et al. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su152316450 · Cited by 16
“The KMO test returns values between 0 and 1, and a value above 0.8 suggests adequate sampling [56].”
BackgroundInfluentialThe development, validation, and feasibility of the Experienced Coercion Scale
Nyttingnes, O., Rugkåsa, J., Holmén, A., & Ruud, T. (2017) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000404 · Cited by 15
Lee, E., Cheong, J. Y., Cho, S. W., Hahm, K., Kim, H. Y., Park, J., Lee, D. H., Kim, S. K., Choi, S. R., Lee, S. T., et al. (2008) · Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2007.05034.x · Cited by 13
Vai, B., Mazza, M. G., Cazzetta, S., Calesella, F., Aggio, V., Lorenzi, C., Zanardi, R., Poletti, S., Colombo, C., & Benedetti, F. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100254 · Cited by 13
Kim, B.-N., & Kwon, S.-M. (2017) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.4306/pi.2017.14.5.562 · Cited by 12
DİJİTAL MATERYAL TASARIMI YETERLİKLERİ ÖLÇEĞİ (DMTYÖ): BİR ÖLÇEK GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI
GÖÇEN KABARAN, G., & UŞUN, S. (2021) · Eğitim Teknolojisi Kuram ve Uygulama · doi:10.17943/etku.864296 · Cited by 11
Pure and hybrid strategies in social enterprises: an empirical investigation
Salavou, H., & Manolopoulos, D. (2021) · EuroMed Journal of Business · doi:10.1108/emjb-05-2019-0068 · Cited by 10
Demir, G. T., Namlı, S., Çakır, E., Batu, B., Ateş, F., Yılmaz, E., Güvendi, B., Adaş, S. K., & Çağın, M. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-03250-6 · Cited by 12
“2 Process diagram of the research (1974), a KMO value below 0.50 is not accepted and a KMO value between 0.90 and 1 indicates an excellent adequacy level of the sample size [48, 49].”
InfluentialValidating an Adapted Version of the Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire in Hong Kong Chinese
Lo, H. H. M., Powell, C. L. Y. M., Chan, S. H. W., Leung, B. F. H., Tsang, E. Y. H., & Leung, S. S. M. (2023) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-022-10020-w · Cited by 6
“84, suggesting suitability for factor analysis (Kaiser, 1974).”
MethodInfluentialListening to and believing derogatory and threatening voices
Sheaves, B., Johns, L., Loe, B. S., Bold, E., Černis, E., Panel, T. M. H. V. L. E. A., Molodynski, A., & Freeman, D. (2023) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbac101 · Cited by 8
The psychometric properties of the Vietnamese Version of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire
Nguyen, H. T. M., Nguyen, H. V., & Bui, T. T. H. (2022) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-022-01003-3 · Cited by 6
Teachers’ Classroom Interactional Competence: Scale Development and Validation
Tajeddin, Z., & Kamali, J. (2023) · Language Teaching Research Quarterly · doi:10.32038/ltrq.2023.35.01 · Cited by 6
Psychometric properties of the Committed Action Questionnaire, the Persian Version
Mazloom, M., Mohammadkhani, S., Akbari, M., & Hasani, J. (2020) · Practice in Clinical Psychology · doi:10.32598/jpcp.8.2.680.1 · Cited by 3
Akgun, M., & Toker, S. (2026) · Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3790980 · Cited by 2
“According to Kaiser [32], KMO values above .90 are considered "marvelous" and strongly support the suitability of data for factor analysis.”
InfluentialKey social media travel influencer traits impacting followers’ tourist behavior
Kılıçarslan, D., & Caber, M. (2026) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology · doi:10.1108/jhtt-07-2025-0588 · Cited by 1
Mahy, T., & Li, H. (2026) · International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2026.2623216 · Cited by 2
Machado, A. B. C., de Souza, L. H., Zancan, R. K., Dillenburg, M. S., & Oliveira, M. D. S. (2023) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja) · doi:10.15689/ap.2023.2201.22930.08
Perceived Barriers to Weight loss Programs for Overweight or Ob-ese Women
Sharifi, N., Mahdavi, R., & Ebrahimi-Mameghani, M. (2013) · Tabriz University of Medical Sciences · doi:10.5681/hpp.2013.002 · Cited by 92
Metadata
- Authors
- Kaiser, H. F.
- Affiliations
- United States Coast Guard Academy (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kaiser, Henry F.
- Venue
- Psychometrika
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 1974-03
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 31-36
- ISSN
- 0033-3123 (ISSN-L)
- 1860-0980
- OpenAlex
- W1993760488
- Cited by
- 14,898
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1557 · 2025: 1420 · 2024: 1148 · 2023: 1059 · 2022: 1044 · 2021: 1171 · 2020: 892 · 2019: 842 · 2018: 700 · 2017: 622 · 2016: 584 · 2015: 574 · 2014: 582 · 2013: 513 · 2012: 421
- FWCI
- 6.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychometrika (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Applications
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Reliability and Agreement in Measurement
- Keywords
- index development, index calibration, factor analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review