Serum proinsulin levels at fasting and after oral glucose load in patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus

Yoshioka, N.; Kuzuya, T.; Matsuda, A.; Taniguchi, M.; Iwamoto, Y.

doi:10.1007/bf02341503

Cited by 175Pancreatic function and diabetesDiabetes and associated disordersDiabetes Treatment and Management

Serum proinsulin levels at fasting and after oral glucose load in patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus

Yoshioka, N., Kuzuya, T., Matsuda, A., Taniguchi, M., Iwamoto, Y.·1988·Diabetologia

DOI 10.1007/bf02341503

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Abstract

A simple and sensitive human proinsulin radioimmunoassay system was developed using guinea pig anti-proinsulin serum, which cross-reacted neither with human insulin nor C-peptide. The recognition site of the antiserum seems to be located near the junction between the B chain and C-peptide. With this assay system, we studied the serum proinsulin concentration at fasting and after an oral 100 g glucose load in 25 healthy subjects, 21 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and 40 patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. At fasting, serum proinsulin was 5.8 +/- 3.3 pmol/l in normal subjects as compared to 9.5 +/- 6.9 pmol/l (p less than 0.05) in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and 12.6 +/- 7.5 pmol/l (p less than 0.001) in diabetic patients. The molar ratio of proinsulin to insulin was also increased in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes compared to control subjects. After a 100 g oral glucose load, serum proinsulin increased more slowly than insulin. The proinsulin response after an oral glucose load was augmented in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes, while the insulin response decreased with the elevation of fasting plasma glucose. Diabetic patients with high fasting plasma glucose had a very poor insulin response, but the proinsulin response was similar to control subjects. There was a linear correlation between summed proinsulin values and summed insulin values, but the slope of the regression line was steeper in diabetic patients than in control subjects. There was a relative increase in serum proinsulin both in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and diabetic patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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In established Type 2 diabetes, there is inefficient proinsulin processing to insulin and a reduction in the release of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP)/amylin.
“inefficient proinsulin processing to insulin [77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83] and a reduction in the release of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), known also as amylin [84, 85, 86, 87], have been observed in established Type 2 diabetes.”
From The relative contributions of insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (2003) · cites this paper as [79]

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Authors: Yoshioka, N., Kuzuya, T., Matsuda, A., Taniguchi, M., & Iwamoto, Y.
Affiliations: Jichi Medical University (JP)
ORCID: Yoshioka, N.
Matsuda, A.
Venue: Diabetologia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 1988-06
Volume: 31
Issue: 6
Pages: 355-360
ISSN: 0012-186X (ISSN-L)
1432-0428
DOI: 10.1007/bf02341503
OpenAlex: W2030702380
Cited by: 175
References: 20
Citations by year: 2025: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3
FWCI: 8.54
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Diabetologia (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
Keywords: proinsulin, type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, oral glucose tolerance test, insulin response, proinsulin/insulin ratio, fasting blood glucose, beta-cell function
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Dietary Carbohydrates, Fasting, Female, Glucose, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Insulin, Male, Middle Aged, Proinsulin, Reference Values

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Serum proinsulin levels at fasting and after oral glucose load in patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus

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