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Cited by 139Alzheimer's disease research and treatmentsDementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms

Blood levels of histamine, IL-1β, and TNF-α in patients with mild to moderate alzheimer disease

Alvarez, X. Antón, Franco, Andrés, Fernández-Novoa, Lucía, Cacabelos, Ramón·1996·Molecular and Chemical Neuropathology
DOI 10.1007/bf02815005
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Abstract

In this study, we have evaluated the levels of blood histamine, serum interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), and plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in 20 patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease (AD; 13 early onset and 7 late-onset AD subjects) and in 20 age-matched control subjects (C). AD patients showed higher concentrations of histamine (AD = 452.9 +/- 237.9 pmol/mL; C = 275.3 +/- 151.5 pmol/mL; p < 0.05) and IL-1 beta (AD = 211.2 +/- 31.1 pg/mL; C = 183.4 +/- 24.4 pg/mL; p < 0.01), and lower values of TNF-alpha (AD = 3.59 +/- 2.02 pg/mL; C = 9.47 +/- 2.64 pg/mL; p < 0.001) than elderly controls. Increased levels of histamine and decreased levels of TNF-alpha were observed in both early onset AD (EOAD) and late-onset AD (LOAD) patients, but only EOAD subjects had elevated serum IL-1 beta values compared with age-matched controls. Age negatively correlated with histamine (r = -0.57; p < 0.05) and positively with IL-1 beta levels (r = 0.48; p < 0.05) in healthy subjects, but not in AD, whereas a positive correlation between TNF-alpha scores and age was only found in AD patients (r = 0.46; p < 0.05). Furthermore, histamine and TNF-alpha values correlated negatively in AD (r = -0.50, p < 0.05). In addition, cognitive impairment increased in patients with lower TNF-alpha and higher histamine and IL-1 beta levels, as indicated by the correlations between mental performance scores and histamine (r = -0.37, ns), IL-1 beta (r = -0.33, ns) and TNF-alpha levels (r = 0.42, p < 0.05). Finally, histamine concentrations decreased as depression scores increased in AD (r = -0.63, p < 0.01). These data suggest a dysfunction in cytokine and histamine regulation in AD, probably indicating changes associated with inflammatory processes.

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  • Systemic inflammation is involved in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression and schizophrenia as well as age-related cognitive decline.

    “In addition, there is growing experimental and clinical evidence implicating systemic inflammation to be involved in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression and schizophrenia as well as age-related cognitive decline [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14].”

    From Dose-dependent effects of endotoxin on neurobehavioral functions in humans (2011) · cites this paper as [7]

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Authors
Alvarez, X. A., Franco, A., Fernández-Novoa, L., & Cacabelos, R.
Affiliations
EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center (ES)
ORCID
Cacabelos, Ramón
Venue
Molecular and Chemical Neuropathology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
1996-10
Volume
29
Issue
2-3
Pages
237-252
ISSN
1044-7393 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1007/bf02815005
OpenAlex
W1978853688
Cited by
139
References
59
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 4
FWCI
1.83
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Molecular and Chemical Neuropathology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease, histamine, IL-1β, TNF-α, early-onset Alzheimer's disease, late-onset Alzheimer's disease, blood cytokines, cognitive impairment, depression, neuroinflammation, neuroprotection
MeSH terms
Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Cognition, Female, Histamine, Humans, Interleukin-1, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Reference Values, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Biomarkers, Age of Onset

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