Inflammatory mediators in the elderly
Abstract
Ageing is accompanied by 2-4-fold increases in plasma/serum levels of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and acute phase proteins. A wide range of factors seems to contribute to this low-grade inflammation, including an increased amount of fat tissue, decreased production of sex steroids, smoking, subclinical infections (e.g. asymptomatic bacteriuria), and chronic disorders such as cardiovascular diseases and Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, there is some evidence that ageing is associated with a dysregulated cytokine response following stimulation. Several inflammatory mediators such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 have the potential to induce/aggravate risk factors in age-associated pathology, providing a positive feedback mechanism. Thus, it is possible that inflammatory mediators constitute a link between life style factors, infections and physiological changes in the process of ageing on the one hand and risk factors for age-associated diseases on the other. Consistent with this, inflammatory mediators are strong predictors of mortality independently of other known risk factors and co-morbidity in elderly cohorts. A direct pathogenetic role of inflammatory mediators would be highly likely if longevity was shown to be associated with cytokine polymorphisms regulating cytokine production. Several studies support indeed this hypothesis but, unfortunately, findings in this area are conflicting, which probably reflects the complexity of the effect of cytokine polymorphisms and their interaction with the lifestyle and sex.
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Circulating advanced glycation end products accumulate when renal function is impaired.
“In addition, circulating AGE accumulate when renal function is impaired (456 -459) .”
From Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [459]
In long-term haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients, circulating advanced glycation end products correlated significantly with the advanced glycation end product content of a regular diet and with blood urea nitrogen level.
“This study showed that circulating AGE correlated significantly with the AGE content of a regular diet, as estimated by means of 3 d dietary records and food questionnaires, as well as with blood urea N level (459) .”
From Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [459]
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“Elevated serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL6, IL-18, TNFα, and CRP have been shown to increase with ageing (Krabbe et al. 2004; Cesari et al. 2004).”
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- Authors
- Krabbe, K. S., Pedersen, M., & Bruunsgaard, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Krabbe, Karen Suárez
- Venue
- Experimental Gerontology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-05
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 687-699
- ISSN
- 0531-5565 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2092404576
- Cited by
- 928
- References
- 105
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 50 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 54 · 2012: 67
- FWCI
- 5.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Experimental Gerontology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- low-grade inflammation, aging, older adults, inflammatory mediators, cytokines, acute phase proteins, TNF-α, interleukin-6, adiposity, sex steroids, smoking, asymptomatic infection, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, mortality, longevity, cytokine gene polymorphisms, lifestyle factors
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aging, Arteriosclerosis, Chronic Disease, Cognition Disorders, Humans, Inflammation, Life Style, Mortality, Risk Factors, Cytokines, Frail Elderly
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