Peripheral Chemo-Cytokine Profiles in Alzheimers and Parkinsons Diseases
Open accessAbstract
The identification of peripheral biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases is required to improve the accuracy of clinical diagnosis and monitor both disease progression and response to treatments. The data reviewed in this paper suggest that, in neurodegenerative disease, cytokines are links between peripheral immune system and nervous system dysfunction. Keywords: Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, cytokines, chemokines
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Post-mortem clinical studies demonstrated high levels of pro-inflammatory molecules in the brains of individuals with PD, as well as in the cerebrospinal fluid.
“Post-mortem clinical studies demonstrated high levels of pro-inflammatory molecules in the brains of individuals with PD, as well as in the cerebrospinal fluid [114,115].”
From Beneficial Effects of Spirulina Consumption on Brain Health (2022) · cites this paper as [114]
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The many roads to mitochondrial dysfunction in neuroimmune and neuropsychiatric disorders
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“…brain regions in PD stems from analyses of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Interferon gamma, IFN-γ ; TNF-α ; Interleukin-6, IL-6; or Interleukin-1 β , IL-1 β ) showing their accumulation in both cerebrospinal fluid and post-mortem brain (Mogi et al., 1994; Dobbs et al., 1999; Reale et al., 2009a,b).”
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- Authors
- Reale, M., Greig, N., & Kamal, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Chieti-Pescara (IT)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Reale, M.
- Kamal, M.
- Venue
- Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry
- Publisher
- Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
- Published
- 2009-09-01
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1229-1241
- ISSN
- 1389-5575 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3372240
- OpenAlex
- W2156445762
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 137
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 4.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (Z01AG000311)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, peripheral biomarkers, cytokines, chemokines, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, peripheral immune system, peripheral blood biomarkers
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Humans, Parkinson Disease, Cytokines
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