Cited by 74Metabolism, Diabetes, and CancerSphingolipid Metabolism and SignalingAdipose Tissue and Metabolism

Lipid-mediated muscle insulin resistance: different fat, different pathways?

Ritter, Olesja, Jelenik, Tomas, Roden, Michael·2015·Journal of Molecular Medicine

Abstract

Increased dietary fat intake and lipolysis result in excessive lipid availability, which relates to impaired insulin sensitivity. Over the last years, several mechanisms possibly underlying lipid-mediated insulin resistance evolved. Lipid intermediates such as diacylglycerols (DAG) associate with changes in insulin sensitivity in many models. DAG activate novel protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms followed by inhibitory serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1). Activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) raises another lipid class, ceramides (CER), which induce pro-inflammatory pathways and lead to inhibition of Akt phosphorylation. Inhibition of glucosylceramide and ganglioside synthesis results in improved insulin sensitivity and increased activatory tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS1 in the muscle. Incomplete fat oxidation can increase acylcarnitines (ACC), which in turn stimulate pro-inflammatory pathways. This review analyzed the effects of lipid metabolites on insulin action in skeletal muscle of humans and rodents. Despite the evidence for the association of both DAG and CER with insulin resistance, its causal relevance may differ depending on the subcellular localization and the tested cohorts, e.g., athletes. Nevertheless, recent data indicate that individual lipid species and their degree of fatty acid saturation, particularly membrane and cytosolic C18:2 DAG, specifically activate PKCθ and induce both acute lipid-induced and chronic insulin resistance in humans.

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Crossref · 10.1007/s00109-015-1310-2

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  • Excess lipids are thought to 'spill over' to other tissues, especially the skeletal muscles, which accumulate the lipids as intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), intramuscular adipose tissue and intramyocellular lipid droplets (IMCLs) containing triacylglycerol or fatty acid derivatives such as diacylglycerols (DAG), long chain acyl CoAs, and ceramides.

    “Excess lipids are thought to ‘spill over’ to other tissues, especially the skeletal muscles,[ 35 ] which accumulate the lipids as intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), intramuscular adipose tissue and intramyocellular lipid droplets (IMCLs) containing triacylglycerol or fatty acid derivatives such as diacylglycerols (DAG), long chain acyl CoAs, and ceramides.[ 36 ]”

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Authors
Ritter, O., Jelenik, T., & Roden, M.
Affiliations
Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum e.V. (DE)
Corresponding author
Roden, Michael
Venue
Journal of Molecular Medicine
Published
2015-06-25
Volume
93
Issue
8
Pages
831-843
ISSN
  • 0946-2716 (ISSN-L)
  • 1432-1440
OpenAlex
W851185968
Cited by
74
References
109
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 1
FWCI
1.02
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Molecular Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
Keywords
skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity, diacylglycerol, ceramide, TLR4, protein kinase C theta, IRS-1, IRS-1 serine phosphorylation, acylcarnitines, ganglioside biosynthesis, dietary fat, lipolysis, fatty acid saturation, inflammation, Akt signaling, athletes
MeSH terms
Animals, Dietary Fats, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Muscles, Signal Transduction, Lipid Metabolism

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