Cited by 82Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances researchFluorine in Organic ChemistryAnalytical chemistry methods development

Development and Validation of an LC-MS/MS Method for the Quantitation of 30 Legacy and Emerging per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Human Plasma, Including HFPO-DA, DONA, and CC6O4

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Frigerio, Gianfranco, Cafagna, Simone, Polledri, Elisa, Mercadante, Rosa, Fustinoni, Silvia·2022·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

Abstract

Abstract Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) include persistent organic pollutants whose spread is still ubiquitous. Efforts to substitute substances of high concern with fluorinated alternatives, such as HFPO-DA (GenX), DONA (ADONA), and cC6O4, have been made. The aim of this work was to develop and validate an isotopic dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method suitable to quantify 30 PFASs in human plasma. Analytes included legacy PFASs (PFOA, PFOS, and PFHxS), fluorinated alternatives (PFBA, PFBS, 6:2 FTSA, HFPO-DA, DONA, and cC6O4), and newly identified compounds (F-53B and PFECHS). The sample preparation was rapid and consisted of simple protein precipitation and centrifugation. Calibration standards and quality control solutions were prepared with a human pooled plasma containing relatively low background levels of the considered analytes. A complete validation was carried out: the lower limits of quantitation (LLOQs) ranged from 0.009 to 0.245 µg/L; suitable linearity (determination coefficients,R20.989–0.999), precision (2.0–19.5%, relative standard deviation), and accuracy (87.9–113.1% of theoretical) were obtained for considered concentration ranges. No significant variations of analyte responses were recorded under investigated storage conditions and during matrix effect tests. The external verification confirmed the accuracy of the method, although limited to 12 analytes. The method was also applied to 38 human plasma samples to confirm its applicability. The developed assay is suitable for large-scale analyses of a wide range of legacy and emerging PFASs in human plasma. To our knowledge, this is the first published method including cC6O4 for human biomonitoring. Graphical abstract

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  • Active efforts are currently underway to establish suitable methodologies for the detection of alternative PFAS compounds within human blood.

    “Consequently, active efforts are currently underway to establish suitable methodologies for the detection of these alternative PFAS compounds within human blood [12].”

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Authors
Frigerio, G., Cafagna, S., Polledri, E., Mercadante, R., & Fustinoni, S.
Affiliations
  • University of Milan (IT)
  • Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (IT)
Corresponding author
Fustinoni, Silvia
Venue
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
Published
2021-12-15
Volume
414
Issue
3
Pages
1259-1278
ISSN
  • 1618-2642 (ISSN-L)
  • 1618-2650
OpenAlex
W4200146031
Cited by
80
References
65
Citations by year
2026: 23 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 2
FWCI
3.30
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Analytical chemistry methods development
Keywords
per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, human plasma, HFPO-DA, GenX, Dona, perfluorooctanoic acid, PFOS, PFHxS, F-53B, human biomonitoring, isotopic dilution, method validation, matrix effects
MeSH terms
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Pollutants, Fluorocarbons, Humans, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Limit of Detection

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