Carotenoid and lipid production by the autotrophic microalga Chlorella Protothecoides under nutritional, salinity, and luminosity stress conditions
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Today microalgae represent a viable alternative source for high-value products. The specie Chlorella protothecoides (Cp), heterotrophically grown, has been widely studied and provides a high amount of lutein and fatty acids (FA) and has a good profile for biodiesel production. This work studies carotenoid and FA production by autotrophic grown Cp. Cp was grown until the medium's nitrogen was depleted, then diluted in NaCl solution, resulting in nutritional, luminosity, and salinity stresses. Different NaCl concentrations were tested (10, 20, 30 g/L) at two different dilutions. After dilution, a color shifting from green to orange-red was noticed, showing carotenoid production. The best production of both carotenoids and FA was attained with a 20 g/L NaCl solution. The total carotenoid content was 0.8 % w/w (canthaxanthin (23.3 %), echinenone (14.7 %), free astaxanthin (7.1 %), and lutein/zeaxanthin (4.1 %)). Furthermore, the total lipid content reached 43.4 % w/w, with a FA composition of C18:1 (33.64 %), C16:0 (23.30 %), C18:2 (11.53 %), and less than 12 % of C18:3, which is needed to fulfill the biodiesel quality specifications (EN 14214).
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Campenni' et al. investigated higher lipid content under nutritional stress conditions than the control and achieved lower lipid productivity.
“Campenni' et al. [48] also investigated higher lipid content under nutritional stress conditions than the control and achieved lower lipid productivity [48].”
From Strategy Development for Microalgae Spirulina platensis Biomass Cultivation in a Bubble Photobioreactor to Promote High Carbohydrate Content (2022) · cites this paper as [48]
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- Authors
- Campenni’, L., Nobre, B. P., Santos, C. A., Oliveira, A. C., Aires-Barros, M. R., Palavra, A. M. F., & Gouveia, L.
- Affiliations
- National Laboratory of Energy and Geology (PT)
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (PT)
- Instituto Superior Técnico (PT)
- Corresponding author
- Gouveia, L.
- Venue
- Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
- Published
- 2012-11-18
- Volume
- 97
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1383-1393
- ISSN
- 0175-7598 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0614
- OpenAlex
- W2040093974
- Cited by
- 141
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 11
- FWCI
- 3.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- other-oa
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
- Keywords
- Chlorella protothecoides, carotenoid production, lipid production, salt stress, nitrogen starvation, astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, echinenone, lutein, fatty acid composition, biodiesel feedstock, microalgae
- MeSH terms
- Carotenoids, Chlorella, Color, Fermentation, Light, Sodium Chloride, Stress, Physiological, Lipid Metabolism, Salinity, Biofuels
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