Consumption of anthocyanin-rich cherry juice for 12 weeks improves memory and cognition in older adults with mild-to-moderate dementia
Open accessAbstract
Purpose Dietary flavonoids, including anthocyanins, may positively influence cognition and may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of dementia. We aimed to assess whether daily consumption of anthocyanin-rich cherry juice changed cognitive function in older adults with dementia. Blood pressure and anti-inflammatory effects were examined as secondary outcomes.Methods A 12-week randomised controlled trial assessed cognitive outcomes in older adults (+70 year) with mild-to-moderate dementia (n = 49) after consumption of 200 ml/day of either a cherry juice or a control juice with negligible anthocyanin content. Blood pressure and inflammatory markers (CRP and IL-6) were measured at 6 and 12 weeks. ANCOVA controlling for baseline and RMANOVA assessed change in cognition and blood pressure.Results Improvements in verbal fluency (p = 0.014), short-term memory (p = 0.014) and long-term memory (p ≤ 0.001) were found in the cherry juice group. A significant reduction in systolic (p = 0.038) blood pressure and a trend for diastolic (p = 0.160) blood pressure reduction was evident in the intervention group. Markers of inflammation (CRP and IL-6) were not altered.Conclusion Inclusion of an anthocyanin-rich beverage may be a practical and feasible way to improve total anthocyanin consumption in older adults with mild-to-moderate dementia, with potential to improve specific cognitive outcomes.
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In elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment, daily dietary introduction of an anthocyanin-rich fruit juice significantly improved verbal fluency, short-term memory, and long-term memory over a 12-week period.
“In these patients, the dietary introduction of a daily anthocyanin-rich fruit juice significantly improved verbal fluency, as well as short-term and long-term memory, over a 12-week period [119], which is consistent with other reports [120,121].”
From Mediterranean diet nutrients to turn the tide against insulin resistance and related diseases (2020) · cites this paper as [119]
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“[15] Kent K, Charlton K, Roodenrys S, Batterham M, Potter J, Traynor V, et al.”
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“Kent [61] 12 weeks Parallel arms Controlled 49 older adults, age 80 ± 6, BMI 26 ± 3 Cherry juice (control: ACN free apple juice) 138 mg <SBP, =DBP”
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“In addition, another study showed improved memory and cognition in older adults affected with dementia through consumption of (sweet) cherry juice (Kent et al. 2017) Tart cherries, in fact all cherries; have been increasingly suggested as beneficial to reduce the risk of gout attacks, a…”
BackgroundSweet Cherry Phenolic Compounds: Identification, Characterization, and Health Benefits
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Anthocyanin and its Bioavailability, Health Benefits, and Applications: A Comprehensive Review
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“[138] Numerous animal studies have demonstrated the efficacy of anthocyanin treatment in NDs.”
Diet and Chronic Non-Cancer Pain: The State of the Art and Future Directions
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Anthocyanins as Natural Pigments in Beverages
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Current evidence on cognitive improvement and neuroprotection promoted by anthocyanins
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Impact of Gut Microbiota in Brain Ageing: Polyphenols as Beneficial Modulators
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“In a randomized controlled trial with older people (n = 37, 12-week), the consumption of cherry juice improved memory and performance during learning tasks [175].”
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“In a randomized controlled clinical study, daily ingestion of anthocyanin-rich cherry juice improved fluency, short-term memory, and long-term memory in aged people (70+) with dementia [38].”
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“The authors speculated that by enhancing the presence of these antioxidants either directly or indirectly, resveratrol helped preserve dopaminergic neurons’ integrity by preventing dopamine autoxidation (Khan et al., 2010), a key mechanism of increased oxidative stress in dopaminergic neurons.”
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Anthocyanins as functional food components
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“In contrast to the current study, two randomised controlled studies have shown that tart [14] and sweet cherry juice [48] reduce SBP in older adults, following a 12-week supplementation.”
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“The bene fi cial e ff ects of di ff erent members of the fl avonoid family of PPs on cognitive function have been demonstrated in a number of human largely epidemiological studies and some have identi fi ed the brain changes underlying these bene fi ts [41,61,125,127,128,131,147,151,154,180].”
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The effects of twenty-one nutrients and phytonutrients on cognitive function: A narrative review
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“…extract for 12 months Significant improvement noted in saffron group (MMSE) while control group deteriorated Tart cherries (Prunus cerasus L.) Kent et al., 2017 [80] Older adults with mildto-moderate dementia Treatment: 24 Control: 25 200 mL/day of cherry juice for 12 weeks Significant…”
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“Among 14 selected RCTs published in the last four years that evaluated the efficacy of nutritional intervention through supplementation of foods or dietary macronutrients in the treatment of patients with late-life cognitive disorders aged over 60 years (Table 3), there were 3 RCTs evaluating food supplementation (Car…”
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Neuroinflammation: The Role of Anthocyanins as Neuroprotectants
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“It is perceived that cherry juice mediates its action through signaling cascades; however, the levels of IL-6 were not significantly altered [125].”
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Neurocognitive Effects of Cocoa and Red-Berries Consumption in Healthy Adults
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“(13) found significant improvements on all three measures of EM after 3 months, with moderate to large effect sizes (13).”
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“Moreover, both aforementioned studies (29; 31) were predicated by reductions in systolic blood pressure, suggesting that the vasodilatory properties of the”
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Health effects of 100% fruit and vegetable juices: evidence from human subject intervention studies
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N-of-1 Clinical Trials in Nutritional Interventions Directed at Improving Cognitive Function
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“Kent, 2017, Australia [47] Controlled, RCT 42 older adults with mild-to moderate dementia (Alzheimer’s type) (+70 y) 12 wk 200 mL/day cherry juice 138 mg red pigment (anthocyanin) 200 mL/day commercially prepared apple juice Cherry juice consumption determined a significant reduction in SBP (p = 0.”
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“Other studies did not report a reduction of pro-inflammatory mediators after anthocyanin supplementation (Hassellund et al., 2013; Kent et al., 2015).”
Flavonoid intake and incident dementia in the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health cohort
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“Likewise, a study conducted with older individuals with mild-to-moderate dementia demonstrated that serum IL-6 was not altered after a 12-week sweet cherry juice (200 mL) consumption [36].”
BackgroundEffects of nutrient and bioactive food components on Alzheimer's disease and epigenetic
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“It is stated that short-term and long-term memory develops in cherry juice containing anthocyanin at 200 mL/day, 12 weeks of intervention, 70 years of age or older, and moderate dementia (Kent et al., 2015).”
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Effects of Anthocyanins on Cognition and Vascular Function: A Systematic Review
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Suominen, M. H., Laaksonen, M. M. L., Salmenius-Suominen, H., Kautiainen, H., Hongisto, S.-M., Tuukkanen, K., Jyväkorpi, S. K., & Pitkälä, K. H. (2020) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2020.110933 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Kent, K., Charlton, K., Roodenrys, S., Batterham, M., Potter, J., Traynor, V., Gilbert, H., Morgan, O., & Richards, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Wollongong (AU)
- Wollongong Hospital (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Kent, Katherine
- Venue
- European Journal of Nutrition
- Published
- 2015-10-19
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 333-341
- ISSN
- 0044-264X (ISSN-L)
- 1436-6207
- 1435-1293
- OpenAlex
- W1786564295
- Cited by
- 214
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6
- FWCI
- 8.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Licence
- Locations
- Zeitschrift für Ernährungswissenschaft (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eCite Digital Repository (University of Tasmania) (submittedVersion)
- Research Online (University of Wollongong) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- anthocyanins, cherry juice, dementia, cognitive function, memory, older adults, dietary flavonoids, blood pressure, inflammation, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, verbal fluency
- MeSH terms
- Fruit and Vegetable Juices, Prunus avium, Aged, Anthocyanins, Ascorbic Acid, Blood Pressure, C-Reactive Protein, Cognition, Dementia, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Fruit, Humans, Male, Memory, Biomarkers, Nutrition Assessment, Interleukin-6, Body Mass Index, Hand Strength
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