Plant-Based Dietary Patterns, Plant Foods, and Age-Related Cognitive Decline
Open accessAbstract
The aging population is expanding, as is the prevalence of age-related cognitive decline (ARCD). Of the several risk factors that predict the onset and progression of ARCD, 2 important modifiable risk factors are diet and physical activity. Dietary patterns that emphasize plant foods can exert neuroprotective effects. In this comprehensive review, we examine studies in humans of plant-based dietary patterns and polyphenol-rich plant foods and their role in either preventing ARCD and/or improving cognitive function. As yet, there is no direct evidence to support the benefits of a vegetarian diet in preventing cognitive decline. However, there is emerging evidence for brain-health-promoting effects of several plant foods rich in polyphenols, anti-inflammatory dietary patterns, and plant-based dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet that include a variety of fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, and whole grains. The bioactive compounds present in these dietary patterns include antioxidant vitamins, polyphenols, other phytochemicals, and unsaturated fatty acids. In animal models these nutrients and non-nutrients have been shown to enhance neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal survival by reducing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. In this review, we summarize the mounting evidence in favor of plant-centered dietary patterns, inclusive of polyphenol-rich foods for cognitive well-being. Randomized clinical trials support the role of plant foods (citrus fruits, grapes, berries, cocoa, nuts, green tea, and coffee) in improving specific domains of cognition, most notably frontal executive function. We also identify knowledge gaps and recommend future studies to identify whether plant-exclusive diets have an added cognitive advantage compared with plant-centered diets with fish and/or small amounts of animal foods.
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Consumption of fruits, green tea, and nuts has neuroprotective effects.
“According to Rajaram et al., the consumption of fruits, green tea, and nuts, which are all important components of the Mediterranean diet, has neuroprotective effects [113].”
From Mediterranean Diet as an Antioxidant: The Impact on Metabolic Health and Overall Wellbeing (2021) · cites this paper as [113]
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- Authors
- Rajaram, S., Jones, J., & Lee, G. J.
- Affiliations
- Loma Linda University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rajaram, Sujatha
- Venue
- Advances in Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-11
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- Suppl_4
- Pages
- S422-S436
- ISSN
- 2156-5376 (ISSN-L)
- 2161-8313
- PMC
- PMC6855948
- OpenAlex
- W2987624708
- Cited by
- 235
- References
- 133
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 59 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 21.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Advances in Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Keywords
- plant-based diet, plant-based foods, age-related cognitive decline, polyphenols, Mediterranean diet, neuroprotection, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, executive function, cognitive aging, dietary habits, phytochemicals, unsaturated fatty acids, vegetarian diet, citrus fruit, berries, Theobroma cacao, nuts, green tea, coffee
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antioxidants, Cognition, Feeding Behavior, Humans, Plants, Diet, Vegetarian, Neuroprotective Agents, Diet, Mediterranean, Neurogenesis, Executive Function, Polyphenols, Cognitive Dysfunction
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