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Cited by 26Sports Performance and TrainingExercise and Physiological ResponsesMuscle metabolism and nutrition

The impact of sleeping with reduced glycogen stores on immunity and sleep in triathletes

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Louis, Julien, Marquet, Laurie-Anne, Tiollier, Eve, Bermon, Stéphane, Hausswirth, Christophe, Brisswalter, Jeanick·2016·European Journal of Applied Physiology
DOI 10.1007/s00421-016-3446-3PMC PMC5020129
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Abstract

PURPOSE: We investigated the effects of a 3-week dietary periodization on immunity and sleep in triathletes. METHODS: 21 triathletes were divided into two groups with different nutritional guidelines during a 3-week endurance training program including nine twice a day sessions with lowered (SL group) or maintained (CON group) glycogen availability during the overnight recovery period. In addition to performance tests, sleep was monitored every night. Systemic and mucosal immune parameters as well as the incidence of URTI were monitored every week of the training/nutrition protocol. Two-ways ANOVA and effect sizes were used to examine differences in dependent variables between groups at each time point. RESULTS: The SL group significantly improved 10 km running performance (-1 min 13 s, P < 0.01, d = 0.38), whereas no improvement was recorded in the CON group (-2 s, NS). No significant changes in white blood cells counts, plasma cortisol and IL-6 were recorded over the protocol in both groups. The vitamin D status decreased in similar proportions between groups, whereas salivary IgA decreased in the SL group only (P < 0.05, d = 0.23). The incidence of URTI was not altered in both groups. All participants in both groups went to bed earlier during the training program (SL -20 min, CON -27 min, P < 0.05, d = 0.28). In the SL group, only sleep efficiency slightly decreased by 1.1 % (P < 0.05, d = 0.25) and the fragmentation index tended to increase at the end of the protocol (P = 0.06). CONCLUSION: Sleeping and training the next morning regularly with reduced glycogen availability has minimal effects on selected markers of immunity, the incidence of URTI and sleeping patterns in trained athletes.

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  • The three-week sleep-low program had no negative impact on immune function or sleep quality.

    “Furthermore, the performance improvements achieved by the SL program were associated with a decrease in body fat (−1.05%) [15] without any negative impact on immune function or sleep quality [16].”

    From Periodization of carbohydrate intake: short-term effect on performance (2016) · cites this paper as [16]

  • The sleep-low strategy allows athletes to perform high intensity training sessions supported by high CHO availability while enhancing metabolic adaptation associated with low glycogen availability.

    “The “sleep-low” (SL) strategy represents one such sequence of periodized CHO availability, which allows athletes to perform high intensity training sessions supported by high CHO availability while enhancing metabolic adaptation associated with low glycogen availability [14,15,16,17].”

    From Periodization of carbohydrate intake: short-term effect on performance (2016) · cites this paper as [16]

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Authors
Louis, J., Marquet, L.-A., Tiollier, E., Bermon, S., Hausswirth, C., & Brisswalter, J.
Affiliations
  • Liverpool John Moores University (GB)
  • Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Éducation Sport Santé (FR)
  • Institut National du Sport, de l'Expertise et de la Performance (FR)
Corresponding author
Louis, Julien
ORCID
Venue
European Journal of Applied Physiology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2016-08-04
Volume
116
Issue
10
Pages
1941-1954
ISSN
  • 0020-9376 (ISSN-L)
  • 1439-6319
  • 1439-6327
DOI
10.1007/s00421-016-3446-3
PMC
PMC5020129
OpenAlex
W2489133916
Cited by
26
References
45
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1
FWCI
5.28
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • European Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Liverpool John Moores University (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
Institut National du Sport, de l'Expertise et de la Performance
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Keywords
triathletes, sleep, immune function, upper respiratory tract infection, salivary IgA, vitamin D, endurance training, sleep efficiency, sleep fragmentation, running performance, cortisol, interleukin-6
MeSH terms
Administration, Oral, Adolescent, Adult, Dietary Carbohydrates, Glycogen, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Immunologic Factors, Male, Physical Endurance, Respiratory Tract Infections, Sleep, Sports, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted, Young Adult, Physical Conditioning, Human

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