Embryonic development and metamorphosis of the scyphozoan Aurelia
Abstract
We investigated the development of Aurelia (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) during embryogenesis and metamorphosis into a polyp, using antibody markers combined with confocal and transmission electron microscopy. Early embryos form actively proliferating coeloblastulae. Invagination is observed during gastrulation. In the planula, (1) the ectoderm is pseudostratified with densely packed nuclei arranged in a superficial and a deep stratum, (2) the aboral pole consists of elongated ectodermal cells with basally located nuclei forming an apical organ, which is previously only known from anthozoan planulae, (3) endodermal cells are large and highly vacuolated, and (4) FMRFamide-immunoreactive nerve cells are found exclusively in the ectoderm of the aboral region. During metamorphosis into a polyp, cells in the planula endoderm, but not in the ectoderm, become strongly caspase 3 immunoreactive, suggesting that the planula endoderm, in part or in its entirety, undergoes apoptosis during metamorphosis. The polyp endoderm seems to be derived from the planula ectoderm in Aurelia, implicating the occurrence of "secondary" gastrulation during early metamorphosis.
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Several studies support a major ectodermal contribution to the gastrodermis of the Aurelia scyphistoma.
“Notably, several studies have supported a major ectodermal contribution to the gastrodermis of the Aurelia scyphistoma (Gold et al. 2016; Mayorova et al. 2012; Yuan et al. 2008).”
From A non-bilaterian perspective on the development and evolution of animal digestive systems (2019) · cites this paper as Yuan et al. 2008
In a larva with monociliated cells, such as a cnidarian planula, a deuterostome tornaria or a phoronid actinotroch larva, a sensory-motor neuron must innervate a large number of cells to achieve a sufficiently large motor response.
“In a larva with monociliated cells, such as a cnidarian planula [54], a deuterostome tornaria [55] or a phoronid actinotroch larva [56] a sensory-motor neuron must innervate a large number of cells to achieve a sufficiently large motor response (e.g. speeding up the larva).”
From Origin and early evolution of neural circuits for the control of ciliary locomotion (2011) · cites this paper as [54]
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- Authors
- Yuan, D., Nakanishi, N., Jacobs, D. K., & Hartenstein, V.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hartenstein, Volker
- Venue
- Development Genes and Evolution
- Published
- 2008-10
- Volume
- 218
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 525-539
- ISSN
- 0043-5546 (ISSN-L)
- 0949-944X
- 1432-041X
- OpenAlex
- W2033352040
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 3.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Development Genes and Evolution (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Planarian Biology and Electrostimulation
- Keywords
- Aurelia, scyphozoan jellyfish, embryonic development, metamorphosis, planula, gastrulation, apoptosis, caspase-3, apical organ, endoderm, ectoderm, polyp development, antibody markers
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Larva, Metamorphosis, Biological, Models, Biological, Stomach, Blastula, Scyphozoa, Embryonic Development, Cell Proliferation, Gastrulation
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