An ancient role for nuclear β-catenin in the evolution of axial polarity and germ layer segregation
Abstract
The human oncogene beta-catenin is a bifunctional protein with critical roles in both cell adhesion and transcriptional regulation in the Wnt pathway. Wnt/beta-catenin signalling has been implicated in developmental processes as diverse as elaboration of embryonic polarity, formation of germ layers, neural patterning, spindle orientation and gap junction communication, but the ancestral function of beta-catenin remains unclear. In many animal embryos, activation of beta-catenin signalling occurs in blastomeres that mark the site of gastrulation and endomesoderm formation, raising the possibility that asymmetric activation of beta-catenin signalling specified embryonic polarity and segregated germ layers in the common ancestor of bilaterally symmetrical animals. To test whether nuclear translocation of beta-catenin is involved in axial identity and/or germ layer formation in 'pre-bilaterians', we examined the in vivo distribution, stability and function of beta-catenin protein in embryos of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis (Cnidaria, Anthozoa). Here we show that N. vectensis beta-catenin is differentially stabilized along the oral-aboral axis, translocated into nuclei in cells at the site of gastrulation and used to specify entoderm, indicating an evolutionarily ancient role for this protein in early pattern formation.
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Expression domains in Nematostella occur with apparent bilateral symmetry, including a left-right plane of symmetry.
“The expression domains occur with apparent bilaterial symmetry, i.e., reflecting distinct directed axes both along and perpendicular to the main body axis, and with a left-right plane of symmetry (27)(28)(29).”
From Sea Anemone Genome Reveals Ancestral Eumetazoan Gene Repertoire and Genomic Organization (2007) · cites this paper as [27]
The earliest function of the canonical Wnt pathway (signalling through b-catenin) is specification of the endomesoderm.
“While the posterior-anterior gradient of expression of Wnt ligands in larval and adult eumetazoans reflects the conserved role in axial patterning, the earliest function of the canonical Wnt pathway (signalling through b-catenin) is specification of the endomesoderm 19,51,52 .”
From Developmental gene expression provides clues to relationships between sponge and eumetazoan body plans (2014) · cites this paper as [51]
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- Authors
- Wikramanayake, A. H., Hong, M., Lee, P. N., Pang, K., Byrum, C. A., Bince, J. M., Xu, R., & Martindale, M. Q.
- Affiliations
- University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wikramanayake, Athula H.
- Martindale, Mark Q.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2003-11
- Volume
- 426
- Issue
- 6965
- Pages
- 446-450
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2029609524
- Cited by
- 324
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 5.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Wnt/β-catenin signaling in development and cancer
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
- Keywords
- β-catenin, nuclear translocation, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, axial polarity, gastrulation, Nematostella vectensis, oral-aboral axis, cell adhesion, transcriptional regulation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Nucleus, Cytoskeletal Proteins, Gastrula, Germ Layers, Immunohistochemistry, Trans-Activators, Cell Polarity, Lithium Chloride, Active Transport, Cell Nucleus, Anthozoa, beta Catenin
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