Complex neural architecture in the diploblastic larva of Clava multicornis (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria)
Abstract
The organization of the cnidarian nervous system has been widely documented in polyps and medusae, but little is known about the nervous system of planula larvae, which give rise to adult forms after settling and metamorphosis. We describe histological and cytological features of the nervous system in planulae of the hydrozoan Clava multicornis . These planulae do not swim freely in the water column but rather crawl on the substrate by means of directional, coordinated ciliary movement coupled to lateral muscular bending movements associated with positive phototaxis. Histological analysis shows pronounced anteroposterior regionalization of the planula's nervous system, with different neural cell types highly concentrated at the anterior pole. Transmission electron microscopy of planulae shows the nervous system to be unusually complex, with a large, orderly array of sensory cells at the anterior pole. In the anterior half of the planula, the basiectodermal plexus of neurites forms an extensive orthogonal network, whereas more posteriorly neurites extend longitudinally along the body axis. Additional levels of nervous system complexity are uncovered by neuropeptide‐specific immunocytochemistry, which reveals distinct neural subsets having specific molecular phenotypes. Together these observations imply that the nervous system of the planula of Clava multicornis manifests a remarkable level of histological, cytological, and functional organization, the features of which may be reminiscent of those present in early bilaterian animals. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:1931–1951, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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In the planula larva of Clava multicornis, RFamide-positive neurons accumulate at the anterior end.
“In the planula larva of Clava multicornis, a hydrozoan, RFamide-positive neurons accumulate at the anterior end [36].”
From Evolution of eumetazoan nervous systems: insights from cnidarians (2015) · cites this paper as [36]
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- Authors
- Piraino, S., Zega, G., Di Benedetto, C., Leone, A., Dell'Anna, A., Pennati, R., Candia Carnevali, D., Schmid, V., & Reichert, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Salento (IT)
- University of Milan (IT)
- University of Basel (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Piraino, Stefano
- Venue
- Journal of Comparative Neurology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-05-23
- Volume
- 519
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1931-1951
- ISSN
- 0021-9967 (ISSN-L)
- 1096-9861
- OpenAlex
- W2083721982
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Comparative Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- AIRUS (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
- Keywords
- planula larvae, neural architecture, sensory cells, neuropeptides, phototaxis, bilaterian evolution
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cnidaria, Immunohistochemistry, Larva, Locomotion, Nervous System, Neuropeptides, Sensory Receptor Cells
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