Cited by 107Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsNeurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments

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Macrophages in Alzheimer’s disease: the blood-borne identity

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Gate, David, Rezai-Zadeh, Kavon, Jodry, Dominique, Rentsendorj, Altan, Town, Terrence·2010·Journal of Neural Transmission

DOI 10.1007/s00702-010-0422-7PMC PMC2917548

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Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and incurable neurodegenerative disorder clinically characterized by cognitive decline involving loss of memory, reasoning and linguistic ability. The amyloid cascade hypothesis holds that mismetabolism and aggregation of neurotoxic amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides, which are deposited as amyloid plaques, are the central etiological events in AD. Recent evidence from AD mouse models suggests that blood-borne mononuclear phagocytes are capable of infiltrating the brain and restricting beta-amyloid plaques, thereby limiting disease progression. These observations raise at least three key questions: (1) what is the cell of origin for macrophages in the AD brain, (2) do blood-borne macrophages impact the pathophysiology of AD and (3) could these enigmatic cells be therapeutically targeted to curb cerebral amyloidosis and thereby slow disease progression? This review begins with a historical perspective of peripheral mononuclear phagocytes in AD, and moves on to critically consider the controversy surrounding their identity as distinct from brain-resident microglia and their potential impact on AD pathology.

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Fig. 1 A confocal image of unmanipulated wild-type C57BL/6 mouse cerebral cortex showing presence of CD45+CD4+ cells in the parenchyma. Cortical layers are indicated by roman numerals and individual channels are shown with DAPI nuclear counterstainCC BY-NC · PubMed Central

Fig. 2 A schematic representation showing the roles of mononuclear phagocytes in Alzheimer’s disease. A penetrating cerebral artery is shown on the left, and a β-amyloid plaque within the brain parenchyma is shown to the right. Peripheral mononuclear phagocytes (macrophages) are infiltrating the brain parenchyma and homing to the β-amyloid plaque, where they phagocytose and clear deposited Aβ. Peripheral mononuclear phagocytes are depicted in green, brain-resident microglia are magenta, neurons are blue, and the β-amyloid plaque is shown in redCC BY-NC · PubMed Central

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Authors: Gate, D., Rezai-Zadeh, K., Jodry, D., Rentsendorj, A., & Town, T.
Affiliations: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author: Town, Terrence
ORCID: Gate, David
Rezai-Zadeh, Kavon
Rentsendorj, Altan
Venue: Journal of Neural Transmission
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2010-06-02
Volume: 117
Issue: 8
Pages: 961-970
ISSN: 0300-9564 (ISSN-L)
1435-1463
DOI: 10.1007/s00702-010-0422-7
PMC: PMC2917548
OpenAlex: W2058092975
Cited by: 107
References: 69
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 0.56
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc
Locations: Journal of Neural Transmission (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Case Western Reserve University
University of South Florida
National Institutes of Health
National Institute on Aging (R00AG029726)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, macrophages, microglia, amyloid-beta, amyloid plaques, cerebral amyloidosis, cell of origin, therapeutic targeting, neuroinflammation
MeSH terms: Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Blood-Brain Barrier, Brain, Humans, Macrophages, Models, Biological

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Macrophages in Alzheimer’s disease: the blood-borne identity

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