Review of screening instruments for postpartum depression

Boyd, R. C.; Le, H. N.; Somberg, R.

doi:10.1007/s00737-005-0096-6

Cited by 391Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesMaternal and Neonatal Healthcare

Review of screening instruments for postpartum depression

Boyd, R. C., Le, H. N., Somberg, R.·2005·Archives of Women’s Mental Health

DOI 10.1007/s00737-005-0096-6

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Abstract

This paper presents a review and discussion of eight self-report measures used to assess for depressive symptoms in the postpartum period. Because postpartum depression is a significant mental health problem, there is a need for reliable and valid screening instruments. Published psychometric data (e.g., reliability, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, concurrent validity) of each self-report instrument are presented and critiqued. Results suggest that the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale is the most extensively studied measure with postpartum women with moderate psychometric soundness. This review illustrates the need for more research in this area. Issues involved in the selection of measures are considered. Implications for clinical practice, research, culture and language are discussed.

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Routine screening for postpartum depression is lacking.
“routine screening for postpartum depression is lacking (Boyd et al., 2005)”
From PandaMom – Feasibility and acceptability of an internet- and mobile-based intervention to enhance peripartum mental well-being and to prevent postpartum depression (2024) · cites this paper as Boyd et al., 2005

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Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes
Slomian, J., Honvo, G., Emonts, P., Reginster, J.-Y., & Bruyère, O. (2019) · Women's Health · doi:10.1177/1745506519844044 · Cited by 1,496 · see citing works
A systematic review of studies validating the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in antepartum and postpartum women
Gibson, J., McKenzie‐McHarg, K., Shakespeare, J., Price, J., & Gray, R. (2009) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2009.01363.x · Cited by 1,000 · see citing works
Postpartum depression
Pearlstein, T., Howard, M., Salisbury, A., & Zlotnick, C. (2009) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2008.11.033 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Social Support During the Postpartum Period: Mothers’ Views on Needs, Expectations, and Mobilization of Support
Negron, R., Martin, A., Almog, M., Balbierz, A., & Howell, E. A. (2013) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-012-1037-4 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Postpartum depression screening: importance, methods, barriers, and recommendations for practice
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Anxiety measures validated in perinatal populations: A systematic review
Meades, R., & Ayers, S. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.10.009 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
“Test-retest reliability (the ability of a test to yield consistent scores over time) should be greater than .80 over one to two weeks or .70 or greater over one month (Boyd et al., 2005).”
BackgroundMethod
Perinatal Depression: Prevalence, Risks, and the Nutrition Link—A Review of the Literature
Leung, B. M. Y., & Kaplan, B. J. (2009) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2009.06.368 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Pancreatic heterotopia; review of the literature and report of 41 authenticated surgical cases, of which 25 were clinically significant.
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Postpartum depression screening at well-child visits: validity of a 2-question screen and the PHQ-9
Gjerdingen, D., Crow, S., McGovern, P., Miner, M., & Center, B. (2009) · The Annals of Family Medicine · doi:10.1370/afm.933 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Identification of Postpartum Depression
Sit, D. K. Y., & Wisner, K. L. (2009) · Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/grf.0b013e3181b5a57c · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Integrated behavioral health in primary care: Step-by-step guidance for assessment and intervention.
Hunter, C. L., Goodie, J. L., Oordt, M. S., & Dobmeyer, A. C. (2016) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/0000017-000 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
A longitudinal study of postpartum depressive symptoms: multilevel growth curve analyses of emotion regulation strategies, breastfeeding self-efficacy, and social support
Haga, S. M., Ulleberg, P., Slinning, K., Kraft, P., Steen, T. B., & Staff, A. (2012) · Archives of Women's Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-012-0274-2 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Screening parents of high-risk infants for emotional distress: rationale and recommendations
Hynan, M. T., Mounts, K. O., & Vanderbilt, D. L. (2013) · Journal of Perinatology · doi:10.1038/jp.2013.72 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
The Clustering of Adverse Childhood Experiences in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children: Are Gender and Poverty Important?
Lacey, R. E., Howe, L. D., Kelly‐Irving, M., Bartley, M., & Kelly, Y. J. (2020) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260520935096 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Is mode of delivery associated with postpartum depression at 6 weeks: a prospective cohort study: Mode of Delivery and Postpartum Depression
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Childbirth and criteria for traumatic events
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A comparison of three screening tools to identify perinatal depression among low-income African American women
Tandon, S. D., Cluxton‐Keller, F., Leis, J. A., Le, H., & Perry, D. F. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.07.014 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Self-citation
Bringing birth-related paternal depression to the fore
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Associations between postnatal maternal depression and psychological outcomes in adolescent offspring: a systematic review
Sanger, C., Iles, J. E., Andrew, C. S., & Ramchandani, P. G. (2014) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-014-0463-2 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Postnatal Depression: Prevalence, Mothers' Perspectives, and Treatments
Leahy‐Warren, P., & McCarthy, G. M. (2007) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2006.10.006 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Validation of the Mainland Chinese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in Chengdu mothers
Lau, Y., Wang, Y., Yin, L., Chan, K. S., & Guo, X. (2010) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.02.005 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Screening and diagnosing postpartum depression: When and how?
Moraes, G. P. D. A., Lorenzo, L., Pontes, G. A. R., Montenegro, M. C., & Cantilino, A. (2017) · Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy · doi:10.1590/2237-6089-2016-0034 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Screening for antenatal depression with the Edinburgh Depression Scale
Bunevičius, A., Kusminskas, L., Pop, V. J. M., Pedersen, C. A., & Bunevičius, R. (2009) · Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.3109/01674820903230708 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Predictors of depressive symptom trajectories in mothers of preterm or low birth weight infants.
Poehlmann, J., Schwichtenberg, A. J., Bolt, D. M., & Dilworth‐Bart, J. E. (2009) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0016117 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Postnatal psychiatric morbidity: a validation study of the GHQ-12 and the EPDS as screening tools
Navarro, P., Ascaso, C., García-Esteve, L., Aguado, J., Torres, A., & Martín‐Santos, R. (2006) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2006.10.004 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Subscales measuring symptoms of non‐specific depression, anhedonia, and anxiety in the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale
Tuohy, A. P., & McVey, C. (2008) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.2008.tb00463.x · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Depression screening and patient outcomes in pregnancy or postpartum: A systematic review
Thombs, B. D., Arthurs, E., Coronado‐Montoya, S., Roseman, M., Delisle, V. C., Leavens, A., Levis, B., Azoulay, L., Smith, C. G., Ciofani, L., et al. (2014) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.01.006 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Postnatal depression: an update
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It Is Time for Routine Screening for Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders in Obstetrics and Gynecology Settings
Accortt, E. E., & Wong, M. S. (2017) · Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey · doi:10.1097/ogx.0000000000000477 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Maternal depression, anxiety, stress, and maternal-infant attachment in the neonatal intensive care unit
Bonacquisti, A., Geller, P. A., & Patterson, C. A. (2020) · Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology · doi:10.1080/02646838.2019.1695041 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
A Randomised Controlled Trial of Therapist-Assisted, Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Women with Maternal Depression
Pugh, N. E., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Dirkse, D. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0149186 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
“Indeed, general depression measures often rely on somatic symptoms of depression, which overlap with physical symptoms associated with the postpartum period [50].”
Background
Perinatal depression: treatment options and dilemmas
Pearlstein, T. B. (2008) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1139/jpn.0829 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Stability and change in depressive symptoms from pregnancy to two months postpartum in childbearing immigrant women
Zelkowitz, P., Saucier, J., Wang, T., Katofsky, L., Valenzuela, M., & Westreich, R. (2008) · Archives of Women's Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-008-0219-y · Cited by 113 · see citing works
The correlation between breastfeeding self-efficacy and maternal postpartum depression in southern Brazil
Zubaran, C., & Foresti, K. (2013) · Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare · doi:10.1016/j.srhc.2012.12.001 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
A Mobile Health Application to Predict Postpartum Depression Based on Machine Learning
Jiménez-Serrano, S., Tortajada, S., & Garcia-Gomez, J. M. (2015) · Telemedicine Journal and e-Health · doi:10.1089/tmj.2014.0113 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Determinants of family planning service uptake and use of contraceptives among postpartum women in rural Uganda
Sileo, K. M., Wanyenze, R. K., Lule, H., & Kiene, S. M. (2015) · International Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s00038-015-0683-x · Cited by 105 · see citing works
The EPDS-Lifetime: assessment of lifetime prevalence and risk factors for perinatal depression in a large cohort of depressed women
Meltzer-Brody, S. E., Boschloo, L., Jones, I. R., Sullivan, P. F., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2013) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-013-0372-9 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Do Antenatal Religious and Spiritual Factors Impact the Risk of Postpartum Depressive Symptoms?
Mann, J. R., McKeown, R. E., Bacon, J. L., Vesselinov, R. M., & Bush, F. (2008) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2007.0627 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Symptoms of postpartum depression and early interruption of exclusive breastfeeding in the first two months of life
Hasselmann, M. H., Werneck, G. L., & da Silva, C. V. C. (2008) · Cadernos de Saúde Pública · doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2008001400019 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Magnitude and contributory factors of postnatal depression: a community-based cohort study from a rural subdistrict of Bangladesh
Gausia, K., Fisher, C. M., Ali, M., & Oosthuizen, J. D. (2008) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291708004455 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
A pragmatic randomised controlled trial to compare antidepressants with a community-based psychosocial intervention for the treatment of women with postnatal depression: the RESPOND trial
Sharp, D., Chew-Graham, C. A., Tylee, A. T., Lewis, G., Howard, L. M., Anderson, I. M., Abel, K. M., Turner, K. M., Hollinghurst, S., Tallon, D., et al. (2010) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta14430 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Accuracy of proactive case finding for mental disorders by community informants in Nepal
Jordans, M. J. D., Kohrt, B. A., Luitel, N. P., Komproe, I. H., & Lund, C. (2015) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.113.141077 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Efficiency of a Two-Item Pre-Screen to Reduce the Burden of Depression Screening in Pregnancy and Postpartum: An IMPLICIT Network Study
Bennett, I. M., Coco, A., Coyne, J. C., Mitchell, A. J., Nicholson, J. M., Johnson, E., Horst, M., & Ratcliffe, S. J. (2008) · The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.2008.04.080048 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Use of self-administered instruments to assess psychiatric disorders in older people: validity of the General Health Questionnaire, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and the self-completion version of the revised Clinical Interview Schedule
Head, J. A., Stansfeld, S. A., Ebmeier, K. P., Geddes, J. R., Allan, C. L., Lewis, G., & Mika Kivimaki, B. (2013) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291713000342 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Screening tools for postpartum depression: validity and cultural dimensions
Zúbaran, C., Schumacher, M. V., Roxo, M. R. R., & Foresti, K. (2011) · African Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4314/ajpsy.v13i5.63101 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Risk Factors for Postpartum Depressive Symptoms in Low-Income Women With Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants
Garfield, L., Holditch‐Davis, D., Carter, C. S., McFarlin, B. L., Schwertz, D. W., Seng, J. S., Giurgescu, C., & White‐Traut, R. C. (2015) · Advances in Neonatal Care · doi:10.1097/anc.0000000000000131 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Screening for bipolar disorder during pregnancy and the postpartum period
Chessick, C. A., & Dimidjian, S. (2010) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-010-0151-9 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Instruments to identify post-natal depression: Which methods have been the most extensively validated, in what setting and in which language?
Hewitt, C. E., Gilbody, S. M., Mann, R., & Brealey, S. (2010) · International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice · doi:10.3109/13651500903198020 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Comparative performance of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 in pregnant and postpartum women seeking psychiatric services
Flynn, H. A., Sexton, M. B., Ratliff, S. M., Porter, K. E., & Zivin, K. (2010) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.10.022 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Parenting Practices 3-Months Postpartum
Balbierz, A., Bodnar-Deren, S., Wang, J. J., & Howell, E. A. (2015) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-014-1625-6 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Depressive symptoms during late pregnancy and early parenthood following assisted reproductive technology
Monti, F., Agostini, F., Fagandini, P., Sala, G. B. L., & Blickstein, I. (2008) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.01.021 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale detects but does not distinguish anxiety disorders from depression in mothers of infants
Rowe, H. J., Fisher, J., & Loh, W. M. (2008) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-008-0003-z · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Maternal Identity Negotiations Among Low-Income Women With Symptoms of Postpartum Depression
Abrams, L. S., & Curran, L. (2010) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732310385123 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Depression in homeless mothers: Addressing an unrecognized public health issue.
Bassuk, E. L., & Beardslee, W. R. (2014) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/h0098949 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Predictors of Postpartum Depression in Partnered Mothers and Fathers from a Longitudinal Cohort
The APrON Team, Leung, B. M. Y., Letourneau, N. L., Giesbrecht, G. F., Ntanda, H. N., & Hart, M. J. (2016) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-016-0060-0 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Intimate partner abuse before and during pregnancy as risk factors for postpartum mental health problems
Desmarais, S. L., Pritchard, A., Lowder, E. M., & Janssen, P. A. (2014) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/1471-2393-14-132 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Stigma and Postpartum Depression Treatment Acceptability Among Black and White Women in the First Six-Months Postpartum
Bodnar-Deren, S. M., Benn, E. K. T., Balbierz, A., & Howell, E. A. (2017) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-017-2263-6 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Perinatal depression influences on infant negative affectivity: Timing, severity, and co-morbid anxiety
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Meta-Analyses of Genome-Wide Association Studies for Postpartum Depression
Guintivano, J., Byrne, E. M., Kiewa, J., Yao, S., Bauer, A. E., Åberg, K. A., Adams, M. J., Campbell, A. I., Campbell, M. L., Choi, K. W., et al. (2023) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.20230053 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Screening instruments for depression in primary care: a concise review for clinicians
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Family function fully mediates the relationship between social support and perinatal depression in rural Southwest China
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Examining the Screening Practices of Physicians for Postpartum Depression: Implications for Improving Health Outcomes
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Maternal Quality of Life During the Transition to Motherhood
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Does maternal depression predict developmental outcome in 18month old infants?
Piteo, A. M., Yelland, L. N., & Makrides, M. (2012) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2012.01.013 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Validation of the Thai Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale for screening postpartum depression
Pitanupong, J., Liabsuetrakul, T., & Vittayanont, A. (2006) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2005.12.011 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Maternal and infant predictors of attendance at Neonatal Follow‐Up programmes
Ballantyne, M., Stevens, B., Guttmann, A., Willan, A. R., & Rosenbaum, P. (2013) · Child Care Health and Development · doi:10.1111/cch.12015 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Combined use of the postpartum depression screening scale (PDSS) and Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) to identify antenatal depression among Chinese pregnant women with obstetric complications
Zhao, Y., Kane, I., Wang, J., Shen, B., Luo, J., & Shi, S. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.12.016 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Partner support and postpartum depressive symptoms
Gremigni, P., Mariani, L., Marracino, V., Tranquilli, A. L., & Turi, A. (2011) · Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.3109/0167482x.2011.589017 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Hatha yoga for acute, chronic and/or treatment-resistant mood and anxiety disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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Replicability of structural models of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in a community sample of postpartum African American women with low socioeconomic status
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The effect of skin-to-skin care on postpartum depression among mothers of preterm or low birthweight infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Scime, N. V., Gavarkovs, A. G., & Chaput, K. H. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.101 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women's experience when interacting with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale: A brief note
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“AND YOU'RE TELLING ME NOT TO STRESS?” A GROUNDED THEORY STUDY OF POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION SYMPTOMS AMONG LOW-INCOME MOTHERS
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Validity and Acceptability of Kimberley Mum’s Mood Scale to Screen for Perinatal Anxiety and Depression in Remote Aboriginal Health Care Settings
Marley, J. V., Kotz, J., Engelke, C., Williams, M., Stephen, D., Coutinho, S., & Stephanie K. Trust (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168969 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Evaluation of patient‐reported outcome measures of functional recovery following caesarean section: a systematic review using the consensus‐based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments (COSMIN) checklist
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Post adoption depression
Payne, J. L., Fields, E. S., Meuchel, J. M., Jaffe, C. J., & Jha, M. K. (2010) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-009-0137-7 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
An Exploration of Negative Thoughts as a Normal Phenomenon After Childbirth
Hall, P. L., & Wittkowski, A. (2006) · Journal of Midwifery & Women s Health · doi:10.1016/j.jmwh.2006.03.007 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Oxytocin and depression in the perinatal period—a systematic review
Moura, D., Canavarro, M. C., & Figueiredo‐Braga, M. (2016) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-016-0643-3 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Prevalence and risk factors for postpartum depression among women seen at Primary Health Care Centres in Damascus
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Psychometric evaluation of the Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue Scale for use with pregnant and postpartum women.
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Factors associated with onset timing, symptoms, and severity of depression identified in the postpartum period
Fisher, S. D., Wisner, K. L., Clark, C. T., Sit, D. K. Y., Luther, J. F., & Wisniewski, S. R. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.063 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Symptoms of depression in Swedish fathers in the postnatal period and development of a screening tool
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Facilitators and Barriers to Disclosure of Postpartum Mood Disorder Symptoms to a Healthcare Provider
Prevatt, B.-S., & Desmarais, S. L. (2017) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-017-2361-5 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Intimate Partner Violence during Pregnancy and Postpartum Depression in Japan: A Cross-sectional Study
Miura, A., & Fujiwara, T. (2017) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2017.00081 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
The utility of screening for perinatal depression in the second trimester among Chinese: a three-wave prospective longitudinal study
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Hospitalization-Based Treatment for Postpartum Depressed Mothers and Their Babies: Rationale, Principles, and Preliminary Follow-Up Data
Vliegen, N., Casalin, S., Luyten, P., Docx, R., Lenaerts, M., Tang, E., & Kempke, S. (2013) · Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes · doi:10.1521/psyc.2013.76.2.150 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Promoting improved social support and quality of life with the CenteringPregnancy® group model of prenatal care
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Anxiety and depression following preeclampsia or hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets syndrome. A systematic review
Delahaije, D. H. J., Dirksen, C. D., Peeters, L. L. H., & Smits, L. J. M. (2013) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aogs.12175 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Validated tools to identify common mental disorders in the perinatal period: A systematic review of systematic reviews
Smith, M. S., Cairns, L., Pullen, L., Opondo, C., Fellmeth, G. L., & Alderdice, F. A. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.11.011 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
The Simplified Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for Antenatal Depression: Is It a Valid Measure for Pre-Screening?
Choi, S. K., Kim, J. J., Park, Y. G., Ko, H. S., Park, I. Y., & Shin, J. C. (2012) · International Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijms.9.40 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
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Authors: Boyd, R. C., Le, H. N., & Somberg, R.
Affiliations: Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (US)
George Washington University (US)
ORCID: Boyd, R. C.
Le, H. N.
Venue: Archives of Women’s Mental Health
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2005-09-05
Volume: 8
Issue: 3
Pages: 141-153
ISSN: 1434-1816 (ISSN-L)
1435-1102
DOI: 10.1007/s00737-005-0096-6
OpenAlex: W2017414517
Cited by: 390
References: 92
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 1.90
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Archives of Women s Mental Health (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r21mh059605-03)
National Institute of Mental Health (R21 MH59605, R01MH057822, R01 MH57822, K01MH068619)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
Keywords: postpartum depression, screening tool, self-report measures, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, psychometric properties, reliability statistics, sensitivity and specificity, concurrent validity, postpartum women, measurement selection
MeSH terms: Female, Humans, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self Disclosure, Depression, Postpartum

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