Stromal cells in tumor microenvironment and breast cancer
Open accessAbstract
Cancer is a systemic disease encompassing multiple components of both tumor cells themselves and host stromal cells. It is now clear that stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment play an important role in cancer development. Molecular events through which reactive stromal cells affect cancer cells can be defined so that biomarkers and therapeutic targets can be identified. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) make up the bulk of cancer stroma and affect the tumor microenvironment such that they promote cancer initiation, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. In breast cancer, CAFs not only promote tumor progression but also induce therapeutic resistance. Accordingly, targeting CAFs provides a novel way to control tumors with therapeutic resistance. This review summarizes the current understandings of tumor stroma in breast cancer with a particular emphasis on the role of CAFs and the therapeutic implications of CAFs. In addition, the effects of other stromal components such as endothelial cells, macrophages, and adipocytes in breast cancer are also discussed. Finally, we describe the biologic markers to categorize patients into a specific and confirmed subtype for personalized treatment.
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By studying genetic alterations in tumor cells, the events through which the stroma affects cancer cells can be elucidated.
“For example, by studying the genetic alterations in the tumor cells, the events through which the stroma affects cancer cells can be elucidated [48].”
From Microfluidic modelling of the tumor microenvironment for anti-cancer drug development (2019) · cites this paper as [48]
The Abstract says that the molecular events through which reactive stromal cells affect cancer cells can be defined. Section 2.5 discusses genetic changes within tumor cells, but does not say that studying those changes is how stromal effects can be elucidated. The cited paper therefore supports the outcome, not the proposed method. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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- Authors
- Mao, Y., Keller, E. T., Garfield, D. H., Shen, K., & Wang, J.
- Affiliations
- Ruijin Hospital (CN)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Shen, Kunwei
- Wang, Jianhua
- Venue
- Cancer and Metastasis Reviews
- Published
- 2012-11-01
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 303-315
- ISSN
- 0167-7659 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-7233
- PMC
- PMC4432936
- OpenAlex
- W2032972527
- Cited by
- 671
- References
- 144
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 77 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 59 · 2018: 50 · 2017: 66 · 2016: 57 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 19
- FWCI
- 3.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Cancer and Metastasis Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (P01CA093900)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Cells and Metastasis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Breast Cancer Treatment Studies
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
- Keywords
- breast cancer, tumor microenvironment, cancer-associated fibroblasts, tumor stroma, treatment resistance, angiogenesis, metastasis, tumor invasion, tumor-associated macrophages, tumor endothelial cells, biomarkers, personalized treatment, CAF-targeted therapy
- MeSH terms
- Breast Neoplasms, Female, Fibroblasts, Humans, Neoplasm Staging, Prognosis, Stromal Cells, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Epigenesis, Genetic, Tumor Microenvironment
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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