How Do Trait Dimensions Map onto ADHD Symptom Domains?
Open accessAbstract
Theories of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) implicate dysfunctional regulation mechanisms that have been conceptually grouped into "top-down" control and "bottom-up" affective/reactive processes. This dual-process account can be invoked in relation to temperament or personality traits and may clarify how traits relate to ADHD. Two samples were examined to illuminate developmental effects. The younger sample was 179 youngsters aged 7 to 12 years (113 boys; 107 with ADHD). The older sample was 184 adolescents (109 boys; 87 with ADHD) aged 13 to 18 years. Structural equation models included parent-rated traits, teacher-rated ADHD symptoms, and laboratory-obtained executive functions. A control or "top-down" factor included cognitive control and conscientiousness/effortful control. A second factor labeled affective or "bottom-up" included neuroticism/negative emotionality, agreeableness, and reactive control. In the younger sample, these two factors were differentially and specifically related to inattention and hyperactivity, respectively. However, in the older sample, the first factor was related to inattention and hyperactivity, whereas the second factor was related to hyperactivity. Personality traits appear to map onto ADHD symptoms in a meaningful manner consistent with a dual-process model of temperament and ADHD.
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This result is consistent with previous literature suggesting there may be different "drivers" for these two symptom dimensions.
“This result is consistent with previous literature suggesting there may be different “drivers” for these two symptom dimensions (Kofler et al., 2010; Martel et al., 2009; Shiels & Hawk, 2010).”
From Heterogeneity of executive function revealed by a functional random forest approach across ADHD and ASD (2020) · cites this paper as Martel et al., 2009
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- Authors
- Martel, M. M., Nigg, J. T., & von Eye, A.
- Affiliations
- LSU New Orleans (US)
- Michigan State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Martel, Michelle M.
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
- Published
- 2008-07-31
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 337-348
- ISSN
- 0091-0627 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2835
- PMC
- PMC2818785
- OpenAlex
- W2067781778
- Cited by
- 105
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 3.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R21MH070542, MH59105, F31MH075533, R37MH059105, MH70542, R01MH063146, R01MH059105)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, personality traits, temperament, dual-process models, top-down control, executive function, cognitive control, effortful control, reactive control, inattention, hyperactivity, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, negative affectivity, children and adolescents
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Parents, Personality, Surveys and Questionnaires, Severity of Illness Index, Temperament, Observer Variation
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