Atypical social referencing in infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorders
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Social referencing was investigated in 18-month-old siblings of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD; "high-risk infants"). Infants were exposed to novel toys, which were emotionally tagged via adults' facial and vocal signals. Infants' information seeking (initiation of joint attention with an adult) and their approach/withdrawal behavior toward the toys before versus after the adults' emotional signals was measured. Compared to both typically developing infants and high-risk infants without ASD, infants later diagnosed with ASD engaged in slower information seeking, suggesting that this aspect of referencing may be an early indicator of ASD. High-risk infants, both those who were and those who were not later diagnosed with ASD, exhibited impairments in regulating their behavior based on the adults' emotional signals, suggesting that this aspect of social referencing may reflect an endophenotype for ASD.
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At 12-18 months, clinically relevant behavioural differences span social communication and stereotyped/repetitive behaviour domains, as well as motor and attentional atypicalities, appearing to represent early manifestations of later ASD symptoms.
“At this age, clinically relevant behavioural differences span both social communication (e.g. gaze following (Bedford et al., 2012); social referencing (Cornew, Dobkins, Akshoomoff, McCleery, & Carver, 2012)) and stereotyped/repetitive behaviour (e.g. repetitive play (Christensen et al., 2010); repetitive movement (Loh et al., 2007) domains, as well as motor (Flanagan et al., 2012) and attentional”
From Behavioural markers for autism in infancy: Scores on the Autism Observational Scale for Infants in a prospective study of at-risk siblings (2015) · cites this paper as Cornew et al., 2012
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L'atenció conjunta en la detecció primerenca del trastorn de l'espectre autista
Montagut-Asunción, M. (2019) · Anuari de Psicologia de la Societat Valenciana de Psicologia · doi:10.7203/anuari.psicologia.19.2.201
Introduction to the Core Attention and Socio-Cognitive Deficits of Autism
(2022) · Advances in early childhood and K-12 education · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-9442-1.ch002
Stefanidou, C. A. (2014) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham)
Neurologic Examination of Young Children (Age 1–5 Years)
Kim, Y.-M. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-10944-7.00003-2
- Authors
- Cornew, L., Dobkins, K. R., Akshoomoff, N., McCleery, J. P., & Carver, L. J.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Carver, Leslie J.
- Venue
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- Published
- 2012-03-29
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2611-2621
- ISSN
- 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3432
- PMC
- PMC3593052
- OpenAlex
- W2153595892
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 3.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Autism Speaks (AS1695)
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS071580, T32NS007413)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R21HD043739, R01HD052804)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
- Keywords
- social referencing, autism spectrum disorder, high-risk infants, siblings of autistic children, joint attention, emotional signals, endophenotypes
- MeSH terms
- Attention, Child, Child Development, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Child, Preschool, Emotions, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Risk Factors, Social Behavior, Infant Behavior, Siblings, Endophenotypes
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