Verbal Ability and Psychiatric Symptoms in Clinically Referred Inpatient and Outpatient Youth with ASD
Open accessAbstract
Youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience high rates of psychiatric symptoms, but the relation between verbal ability and psychiatric symptoms is unknown. This study utilized a large sample of clinically referred inpatient and outpatient youth with ASD to compare psychiatric comorbidity between verbal and minimally-verbal youth, adjusting for nonverbal IQ, age, and ASD symptom severity. Results indicated that verbal youth were more likely to present with and meet clinical cutoffs for depression and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms, with greater impairment associated with depression. Youth in inpatient settings had greater symptom severity and impairment across almost all psychiatric comorbidities. These results present the most direct estimate to date of the association between verbal ability and psychiatric comorbidity in ASD.
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Working memory is a likely causal predictor of global IQ, and age-related improvements in working memory lead directly to improvements in IQ.
“working memory is a (likely causal) predictor of global IQ101–103 and age-related improvements in working memory lead directly to improvements in IQ.103”
From Executive function deficits in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder (2024) · cites this paper as [102]
The study objective described in the Abstract is the association between verbal ability and psychiatric symptoms in youth with ASD, adjusting for nonverbal IQ and age. Searches for working memory, IQ development, and age-related change found no passage addressing whether working memory predicts IQ or whether improvements in working memory cause improvements in IQ. The Discussion’s caution about causality concerns verbal ability and psychiatric symptoms, not this claim. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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IMPACTO DA CONCOMITÂNCIA DE DOENÇAS MENTAIS NOS DESFECHOS CLÍNICOS DE INDIVÍDUOS COM AUTISMO
Araujo, A. I. D. N. F., de Almeida, J. S., Neto, J. C. D. O., Araujo, J. V. D. C., Pereira, J. V. B., Araujo, J. V. D. C., & de Sousa, M. N. A. (2026) · Periódicos Brasil Pesquisa Científica · doi:10.36557/2674-9432.2026v5n4p561-575
- Authors
- (ADDIRC), F. T. A. A. D. D. I. R. C., Lerner, M. D., Mazefsky, C. A., Weber, R. J., Transue, E., Siegel, M., & Gadow, K. D.
- Affiliations
- Stony Brook University (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Maine Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lerner, Matthew D.
- Mazefsky, Carla A.
- Venue
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- Published
- 2017-10-16
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 3689-3701
- ISSN
- 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3432
- PMC
- PMC5902662
- OpenAlex
- W2765267419
- Cited by
- 30
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 1.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Simons Foundation (SFARI #296318, SFARI# 381283)
- Nancy Lurie Marks Family Foundation
- Matt and Debra Cody Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (K23HD060601, R01HD079512)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH110585)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, verbal ability, psychiatric comorbidity, depression, oppositional defiant disorder, nonverbal intelligence, symptom severity, functional disability
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Adolescent, Child, Depression, Female, Humans, Inpatients, Language Development, Male, Outpatients, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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