Exploring the Relationship Between Anxiety and Insistence on Sameness in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Open accessAbstract
Elevated anxiety symptoms are one of the most common forms of psychopathology to co‐occur with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The purpose of this study was to explore the association between anxiety and ASD symptoms, particularly the degree to which the relationship is explained by insistence on sameness (IS) behaviors and/or cognitive ability. The sample included 1429 individuals aged 5:8–18:0 years who participated in the S imons S implex C ollection, a genetic consortium study of ASD. C hild B ehavior C hecklist A nxiety P roblems T‐scores and A utism D iagnostic I nterview‐R evised “IS“ item raw totals were treated as both categorical and continuous measures of anxiety and IS, respectively. C hronological age, verbal intelligence quotient (IQ), and a variety of ASD phenotype‐related and other behavioral variables were assessed for potential association with anxiety and IS. Anxiety and IS continuous variables were minimally, although significantly, associated with each other and with chronological age and verbal IQ. Neither anxiety nor IS was associated with other core autism diagnostic scores. Anxiety was associated with a variety of other psychiatric and behavioral symptoms in ASD, including irritability, attention problems, and aggression, while IS was not. Anxiety and IS appear to function as distinct constructs, each with a wide range of expression in children with ASD across age and IQ levels. Thus, both variables could be of use in ASD behavioral research or in dimensional approaches to genetic exploration. Unlike IS, however, anxiety is related to non‐ASD‐specific behavioral symptoms. Autism Res 2012, ●●: ●●–●●. © 2012 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Unusual sensory responses are prevalent in ASD.
“research showing that these behaviors are prevalent in ASD [31-34]”
From DSM-5 and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs): an opportunity for identifying ASD subtypes (2013) · cites this paper as [32]
The Abstract mentions unusual responses to sensory aspects of the environment as a possible contributor to anxiety in ASD, but does not say how prevalent those responses are. Searches for sensory-response prevalence and sensory over-responsivity found no passage establishing that they are prevalent in ASD. (LLM, conf=0.72)
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“These anxiety symptoms can cause significant additional distress, and have been linked to increased levels of problematic behavior (11, 12), difficulty with decision making (13), and considerable stress on family systems (14).”
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- Authors
- Gotham, K., Bishop, S. L., Hus, V., Huerta, M., Lund, S., Buja, A., Krieger, A., & Lord, C.
- Affiliations
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Center for Autism and the Developing Brain Weill Cornell Medical College/New York Presbyterian Hospital White Plains New York
- Department of Psychology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan
- University of Michigan (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gotham, Katherine
- Venue
- Autism Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-12-19
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 33-41
- ISSN
- 1939-3792 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-3806
- PMC
- PMC4373663
- OpenAlex
- W1800315463
- Cited by
- 176
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 5
- FWCI
- 4.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Autism Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Rutgers University Community Repository (Rutgers University) (submittedVersion)
- ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania) (submittedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Simons Foundation
- Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative
- National Institutes of Health (5rc1mh089721-02)
- National Institute of Mental Health (T32 MH 18921, RC1 MH-089721, T32MH018921, R01MH089390, R01MH081873)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P30HD015052, R01HD065277, P30 HD-15052)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, anxiety, insistence on sameness, anxiety comorbidity, verbal intelligence, irritability, attention deficits, aggression, Simons Simplex Collection, children and adolescents
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Anxiety Disorders, Child, Child Behavior, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Intelligence, Longitudinal Studies, Male
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