Epidemiological Associations between Gambling Behavior, Substance Use & Mood and Anxiety Disorders
Abstract
Objective To compare gambling behaviors in a random sample of community residents with and without mental disorders identified by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI).Method A large national community survey conducted by Statistics Canada included questions about problems arising from gambling activities as per the Canadian Problem Gambling Index (CPGI). We compared respondents within three gambling severity categories (non-problem, low severity and moderate/high severity gambling) across three diagnostic groupings (mood/anxiety disorders, substance dependence/harmful alcohol use, no selected psychiatric disorder).Results Of the 14,934 respondents age 18-64 years who engaged in at least one type of gambling activity in the previous 12 months, 5.8% fell in the low severity gambling category while 2.9% fell in the moderate/high severity category. Females accounted for 51.7% of the sample. The risk of moderate/high severity gambling was 1.7 times higher in persons with mood or anxiety disorder compared to persons with no selected disorder. For persons with substance dependence or harmful alcohol use, the risk of moderate/high severity gambling was 2.9 times higher. Persons with both mood/anxiety and substance/alcohol disorders were five times more likely to be moderate/high severity gamblers. The odds ratio for females was 0.6 and for those with less than post-secondary education it was 1.52. Differences in age and personal income were not significant.Conclusions Individuals in the community suffering from mood/anxiety disorders and substance dependence/harmful alcohol, and especially those with both, experience a higher risk for gambling problems. The treatment of these comorbidities should be integrated into any problem gambling treatment program.
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Individuals with both anxiety and substance use disorders are at the highest risk to develop moderate to severe gambling behaviors, compared to those with one or neither of these disorders.
“In line with these findings, individuals with both anxiety and substance use disorders are at the highest risk to develop moderate to severe gambling behaviors, compared to those with one or neither of these disorders (el-Guebaly et al., 2006).”
From Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior (2019) · cites this paper as el-Guebaly et al., 2006
Gambling disorder often co-occurs with psychiatric disorders, particularly substance use and anxiety disorders.
“Gambling disorder often co-occurs with psychiatric disorders, particularly substance use and anxiety disorders (el-Guebaly et al., 2006; Kessler et al., 2008; Lorains, Cowlishaw, & Thomas, 2011; Parhami, Mojtabai, Rosenthal, Afifi, & Fong, 2014).”
From Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior (2019) · cites this paper as el-Guebaly et al., 2006
Individuals with gambling disorder demonstrate elevated substance abuse symptoms compared to those without this condition.
“Similarly, individuals with gambling disorder demonstrate elevated substance abuse symptoms compared to those without this condition (K.-L. Chou & Afifi, 2011; el-Guebaly et al., 2006; Parhami et al., 2014; Possemato et al., 2015).”
From Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior (2019) · cites this paper as el-Guebaly et al., 2006
Individuals with alcohol or nicotine related substance use disorders often present with more severe gambling behaviors and involvement.
“For example, individuals with alcohol or nicotine related substance use disorders often present with more severe gambling behaviors and involvement (Desai & Potenza, 2008; el-Guebaly et al., 2006; J. E. Grant & Potenza, 2005; Ladd & Petry, 2003; Petry & Oncken, 2002).”
From Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior (2019) · cites this paper as el-Guebaly et al., 2006
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- Authors
- el-Guebaly, N., Patten, S. B., Currie, S., Williams, J. V. A., Beck, C. A., Maxwell, C. J., & Wang, J. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Calgary (CA)
- Venue
- Journal of Gambling Studies
- Published
- 2006-09-21
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 275-287
- ISSN
- 1050-5350 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3602
- OpenAlex
- W2047023758
- Cited by
- 170
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 6.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Gambling Studies (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Gambling Behavior and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- problem gambling, gambling severity, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance dependence, hazardous drinking, psychiatric comorbidity, Canadian Problem Gambling Index, Composite International Diagnostic Interview, community residents, gender differences, educational attainment
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Canada, Female, Gambling, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Severity of Illness Index, Comorbidity, Behavior, Addictive, Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry), Mood Disorders, Substance-Related Disorders, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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