Cited by 1,458Environmental Impact and SustainabilitySustainability and Ecological Systems AnalysisWater-Energy-Food Nexus Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Water footprints of nations: Water use by people as a function of their consumption pattern

Hoekstra, A. Y., Chapagain, A. K.·2006·Water Resources Management

DOI 10.1007/s11269-006-9039-x

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s11269-006-9039-x

Cites

13 of 13 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Crop evapotranspiration : guidelines for computing crop water requirements
Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Raes, D., & Smith, M. (1998) · FAO eBooks · Cited by 20,540
Our Ecological Footprint: reducing human impact on the earth
Bazan, G. (1997) · Electronic Green Journal · doi:10.5070/g31710273 · Cited by 4,693
Ecological footprints and appropriated carrying capacity: what urban economics leaves out
Rees, W. E. (1992) · Environment and Urbanization · doi:10.1177/095624789200400212 · Cited by 2,417
Appraisal and Assessment of World Water Resources
Shiklomanov, I. A. (2000) · Water International · doi:10.1080/02508060008686794 · Cited by 1,057
Our Ecological Footprint
Marazzi, L. (2017) · Macat Library eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781912281282 · Cited by 948
Water in crisis: a guide to the world's fresh water resources
Gleick, P. H. (1993) · Cited by 896
Virtual water trade : A quantification of virtual water flows between nations in relation to international crop trade
Ay, H. (2003) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 859
Globalisation of water resources: international virtual water flows in relation to crop trade
Hoekstra, A. Y., & Hung, P.-Y. (2004) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2004.06.004 · Cited by 724
Water footprints of nations
Chapagain, A. K., & Hoekstra, A. Y. (2004) · University of Twente Research Information · Cited by 403
Water in the Arab world: perspectives and prognoses.
Rogers, P. P., & Lydon, P. (1994) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 173

Show all 13 references

Research works printed but not linked: 2

Allan JA (1993) Fortunately there are substitutes for water otherwise our hydro-political futures would be impossible. In: Priorities for water resources allocation and management, ODA, London, pp 13–26
Haddadin MJ (2003) Exogenous water: A conduit to globalization of water resources. In: Hoekstra AY (ed) Virtual water trade: Proceedings of the International Expert Meeting on Virtual Water Trade. Value of Water Research Report Series No. 12, UNESCO-IHE, Delft, The Netherlands, http://www.waterfootprint.org/Reports/Report12.pdf http://www.waterfootprint.org/Reports/Report12.pdf

Sorted by citations

Items 801–900 of 1,000

Spatial diffusion of efficient irrigation systems: a study of São Paulo, Brazil*
Martínez, D. M., Maia, A. G., & Garcia, J. R. (2022) · Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics · doi:10.1111/1467-8489.12483 · Cited by 10
Sustainability assessment of virtual water flows through cereal and milled grain trade among US counties
Rathore, L., Aziz, D., Demeke, B. W., & Mekonnen, M. (2023) · Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability · doi:10.1088/2634-4505/acc353 · Cited by 8
Slaughter Wastes-A Curse or Blessing: An Appraisal
Nauman, K., Nauman, A., & Arshad, M. K. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-26224-1_2 · Cited by 9
Sustentabilidade de Bacias Hidrográficas e Índices Compostos: Aplicação e Desafios
Branchi, B. Â. (2022) · Sociedade & natureza · doi:10.14393/sn-v34-2022-63868 · Cited by 9
A High Resolution Assessment of Water Footprint of Wheat to Understand Yield and Water Use Heterogeneity
Denis, D. M., Kumar, M., Srivastava, S., Suryavanshi, S., Denis, A. F., Singh, R., Yadav, A. S., & Mishra, H. (2016) · Water Resources Management · doi:10.1007/s11269-016-1305-y · Cited by 9
Die Bedingungen einer nachhaltigen Bioökonomie
Fritsche, U. R., & Rösch, C. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-53763-3_9 · Cited by 9
Sustainable Urban Water Management
Zafirakou, A. (2017) · Springer optimization and its applications · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-65338-9_13 · Cited by 9
Carbon and Water Footprints of Tibet: Spatial Pattern and Trend Analysis
Xie, W., Hu, S., Li, F., Cao, X., & Tang, Z. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12083294 · Cited by 9
“More strikingly, a new concept, the energy–food–water–climate nexus, was proposed to reveal the operation mechanism of the complex system, so as to adapt and mitigate climate change [3].”
Background
Impacts of Climatic and Agricultural Input Factors on the Water Footprint of Crop Production in Jilin Province, China
Zheng, X., Qin, L., & He, H. S. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12176904 · Cited by 9
“The WF of a crop is defined as the volume of freshwater both consumed in the field and used to dilute pollutants during crop growth [9].”
Background
Managing food-ecosystem synergies to sustain water resource systems
Ward, F. A., Salman, D. A., & Amer, S. A. (2021) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148945 · Cited by 9
Towards a virtual water currency for industrial products using blockchain technology
Angara, J., & Saripalle, R. S. (2022) · Water Policy · doi:10.2166/wp.2022.285 · Cited by 9
Water footprint of food production and consumption in China
Zhang, Y., Qing, T., & Yu, W. (2022) · Water Science & Technology Water Supply · doi:10.2166/ws.2022.261 · Cited by 9
Basic Process Integration Terminology
Varbanov, P. S. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1533/9780857097255.1.28 · Cited by 9
Causes and Effects of Water Consumption Drop by the Population of Cities in Poland - Selected Aspects
Gorączko, M. W., & Pasela, R. (2015) · Bulletin of Geography Socio-economic series · doi:10.1515/bog-2015-0005 · Cited by 9
Increasing efficiency in ethanol production: Water footprint and economic productivity of sugarcane ethanol under nine different water regimes in north-eastern Brazil
Chico, D., Santiago, A. D., & Garrido, A. (2015) · Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research · doi:10.5424/sjar/2015132-6057 · Cited by 9
What do Animal Nutritionists Expect from Plant Breeding?
Flachowsky, G. (2008) · Outlook on Agriculture · doi:10.5367/000000008784648861 · Cited by 9
“Currently more than one m3 of water is needed for one kg of grain (Hoekstra and Chapagain, 2007).”
Background
Monitoring of forest virtual water in Hunan Province, China, based on HJ-CCD remote-sensing images and pattern analysis
Luo, K., & Tao, F. (2016) · International Journal of Remote Sensing · doi:10.1080/01431161.2016.1176275 · Cited by 9
“Meanwhile, Hoekstra calculated the average VW of livestock products for every kilogram in China.”
BackgroundInfluential
Eficiencia y productividad del agua de riego en trigo (Triticum vulgare) de Ensenada y Valle de Mexicali, Baja California, México
Flores, J. L. R., Moreno, M. T., Torres, J. R., & Moreno, M. A. T. (2016) · Acta Universitaria · doi:10.15174/au.2016.825 · Cited by 9
Insights into variations and determinants of water pollutant discharge in Jilin, China: Investigations from multiple perspectives
Yang, W., Song, J., Wang, H., & Dong, L. (2019) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118386 · Cited by 9
Concealed nitrogen footprint in protein-free foods: an empirical example using oil palm products
Hayashi, K., Oita, A., & Nishina, K. (2020) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ab68ea · Cited by 9
Efficacité matérielle et performance écologique des territoires : analyse croisée de 67 métabolismes
Iablonovski, G., & Bognon, S. (2020) · Flux · doi:10.3917/flux1.116.0006 · Cited by 12
The Conditions of a Sustainable Bioeconomy
Fritsche, U. R., & Rösch, C. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-60390-1_9 · Cited by 10
Environmental flow sustainability in the Lower Limpopo River Basin, Mozambique
Nhassengo, O. S. Z., Somura, H., & Wolfe, J. (2021) · Journal of Hydrology Regional Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100843 · Cited by 9
Geomatic freshwater discharge estimations and their effect on saltwater intrusion in alluvial systems: a case study in Shatt Al-Arab estuary
Al-Aesawi, Q. M., Al-Nasrawi, A. K. M., Jones, B. G., & Yang, S. (2021) · Environmental Earth Sciences · doi:10.1007/s12665-021-09945-4 · Cited by 9
“2019) and large water withdrawals associated with agriculture, industry and domestic consumption (Hoekstra and Chapagain 2007).”
Background
Water Integration for Recycling and Recovery in Process Industry
Klemeš, J. J., Lam, H. L., & Foo, D. C. Y. (2011) · NATO science for peace and security series. C, Environmental security · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-1805-0_1 · Cited by 9
Water Scarcity and International Agricultural TradePreprint
Liu, J., Hertel, T. W., Taheripour, F., Zhu, T., & Ringler, C. (2013) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · doi:10.22004/ag.econ.155248 · Cited by 9
Global Water Governance: Conceptual design of global institutional arrangements
Verkerk, M. P., Hoekstra, A. Y., & Gerbens-Leenes, P. W. (2008) · University of Twente Research Information · Cited by 9
Water Use in Urban Ecosystems: Complexity, Costs, and Services of Urban Ecohydrology
Jenerette, G. D., & Alstad, K. P. (2010) · Agronomy monograph/Agronomy · doi:10.2134/agronmonogr55.c17 · Cited by 9
Research and Production of Second‐Generation Biofuels
Hallur, R. L. S., Mishra, S. K., Upashe, S. P., & Floriano, J. F. (2019) · doi:10.1002/9781119434436.ch18 · Cited by 9
The application of water footprint for assessing the crop water resources stress in Nanjing City, China
Si, J., Chen, Y., Cheng, L., Tang, Z., & Zhang, Y. (2025) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113744 · Cited by 8
Evaluation of personal water footprint components in Turkey: factors associated with obesity and food consumption
Ermumcu, M. Ş. K., Dazıroğlu, M. E. Ç., Gövez, N. E., & Tek, N. A. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Health Research · doi:10.1080/09603123.2022.2153806 · Cited by 8
“While it is stated that water use will increase all over the world soon due to the changing lifestyle, increasing population, and increase in food consumption, it is estimated that there will be a water shortage in Turkey in the 2030s (Hoekstra and Chapagain 2006; Pegram et al. 2014).”
Background
Water Footprint Analysis of Sheep and Goat from Various Production Systems in Northern China
Jiao, F., Nie, L., Shao, J., Ying, W., Du, Y., Guo, X., Feng, H., & Liu, Z. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su151310504 · Cited by 8
Assessment of water footprint under wheat cultivation in Purvanchal Uttar Pradesh, Northern India
Suhail, M. (2023) · Environment Development and Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s10668-023-03665-4 · Cited by 8
“This limit was assumed, as per Hoekstra and Chapagain (2007), to calculate the volume of freshwater, which is required to assimilate the load of pollutants.”
The impacts of technological change policies on water uses and virtual water trade in water-constrained settings
Bekchanov, M. (2024) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142378 · Cited by 8
Agriculture Adaptation to Climate Change in Brunei Darussalam
Shams, S., Shafiuddin, K. H., Sultan, A. M. S. B. H. M., & Juani, R. H. M. (2015) · Environment and Urbanization Asia · doi:10.1177/0975425315585193 · Cited by 8
“Food consumption patterns influence agricultural water demand of developing countries (Amarasinghe et al., 2014, p. 32; Hoekstra & Chapagain, 2007; Liu and Savenije, 2008; Liu et al., 2010).”
Background
The Water Footprint of Heavy Oil Extraction in Colombia: A Case Study
Carmona, L. G., Whiting, K., & Carrasco, A. (2017) · Water · doi:10.3390/w9050340 · Cited by 8
Understanding residential water-use behaviour in urban South Africa
Jacobs-Mata, I., Wet, B. D., Banoo, I., Meissner, R., de Lange, W., & Strydom, W. F. (2018) · Alive2green eBooks · Cited by 8
Drylab 2023: living a possible future with resource scarcity
Janssen, M. A., Jenik, A., Tekola, S. Z., Davis, K. L., Flores, S., Gibbs, W., Koehn, M., Lyons, V., Mallory, C., Rood, S., et al. (2018) · Ecology and Society · doi:10.5751/es-10299-230408 · Cited by 8
What Determines the Change of Lakes in Large Cities under Climate Change and Anthropogenic Activities? Evidence from Eastern China
Wang, H., Mao, L., Lu, S., Ying, J., Jiang, Q., Yuan, R., Liu, X., Wang, M., & Zhao, D. (2018) · Polish Journal of Environmental Studies · doi:10.15244/pjoes/90481 · Cited by 8
“With the rapid development of cities and the intensification of human disturbance, evidence indicates that the global hydrological cycles have changed due to climate and human consumption [6, 9, 10].”
BackgroundInfluential
Sustainable Livestock Development In The Border Of Merauke Region Based On Environment
Muchlis, D., & Nurcholis, N. (2018) · E3S Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/e3sconf/20187303010 · Cited by 8
“900 m(3), 4,900 m(3), and 15,500 m(3) virtual water [2].”
The Concepts of Virtual Water and Water Footprint
Xu, M., & Li, C. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-0234-7_2 · Cited by 8
Identification of Major Inefficient Water Consumption Areas Considering Water Consumption, Efficiencies, and Footprints in Australia
Tariq, M. A. U. R., Damnics, R. R., Rajabi, Z., Shahid, M. L. U. R., & Muttil, N. (2020) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app10186156 · Cited by 9
“[8] determined the water footprints of Australia at the national level and found that the internal water footprint for domestic water is 341 m /Cap/y, and for industrial is 64 m /Cap/y internal and 211 m /Cap/y external, whereas for agricultural products it is 736 m /Cap/y internal and 41 m /Cap/y external.”
BackgroundInfluential
Unveiling Economic Co-Benefits of Virtual Water Trades: An Empirical Analysis on China’s JingJinJi Megalopolis
Liao, X., Han, A., Li, S., Du, Y., & Chai, L. (2021) · Water · doi:10.3390/w13213140 · Cited by 8
“Hoekstra and his group later developed the concept of ‘water footprint’ to quantify the virtual water throughout the life cycle from the perspective of final consumption [12,13].”
Background
Food Consumption Patterns and Sustainable Natural Resources Management in the Mediterranean Region
Capone, R., Lamaddalena, N., Lamberti, L., Elferchichi, A., & Bilali, H. E. (2012) · Journal of Food Science and Engineering · doi:10.17265/2159-5828/2012.08.003 · Cited by 8
“The water footprint concept is closely linked to the virtual water concept [21].”
Background
Tillage, Water and Nitrogen Management Strategies Influence the Water Footprint, Nutrient Use Efficiency, Productivity and Profitability of Rice in Typic Ustochrept Soil
Tyagi, S., Naresh, R. K., Bhatt, R., Chandra, M. S., Alrajhi, A. A., Dewidar, A. Z., & Mattar, M. A. (2022) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy12051186 · Cited by 8
Phycoremediation and water reuse in bioenergy production from algae and cyanobacteria in relevance to sustainable development goals
Borah, D., Rout, J., & Thajuddin, N. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15354-9.00003-7 · Cited by 9
RETRACTED: Optimizing irrigation water use in the West Bank, Palestine
Nazer, D. W., Tilmant, A., Mimi, Z. A., Siebel, M. A., van der Zaag, P., & Gijzen, H. J. (2009) · Agricultural Water Management · doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2009.10.006 · Cited by 8
“Falkenmark (2007) suggests three options for capturing the additional water needed to meet the requirements of future food production: (1) increasing water productivity by reducing losses, (2) improving the use of rainfall and expanding rain-fed agriculture, and (3) pursuing virtual water options (Allan, 1997; WWC, 20…”
BackgroundResult
Retracted
National security strategy for U.S. water
Mathews, R., & Spencer, C. M. (2008) · IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine · doi:10.1109/memb.2008.929887 · Cited by 8
“Comparatively, even with a much larger population, the Chinese have a relatively low water footprint, with an average consumption value of 700 m 3 /year per capita or 184,920.47 gal/year per capita [ 36 ].”
BackgroundInfluential
Flujos de agua, flujos de capital: sistemas de abastecimiento y gobernanza del agua en Madrid y Barcelona
March, H., & Saurı́, D. (2010) · Investigaciones Geográficas · doi:10.14198/ingeo2010.51.01 · Cited by 8
The Water Crisis—Rethinking Water Governance
Nayar, V. (2013) · Journal of Land and Rural Studies · doi:10.1177/2321024913487271 · Cited by 8
Estimating biofuel feedstock water footprints using system dynamics
Inman, D., Warner, E., Stright, D., Macknick, J., & Peck, C. (2016) · Journal of Soil and Water Conservation · doi:10.2489/jswc.71.4.343 · Cited by 8
A multi-region input-output model for optimizing virtual water trade flows in agricultural crop production
Aviso, K. B., Holaysan, S. A. K., Promentilla, M. A. B., Yu, K. D. S., & Tan, R. R. (2017) · Management of Environmental Quality An International Journal · doi:10.1108/meq-01-2017-0012 · Cited by 8
Milk Proteins: The Future
Boland, M. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-405171-3.00021-0 · Cited by 8
The urban stormwater farm
Liebman, M. B., Jonasson, O. J., & Wiese, R. N. (2011) · Water Science & Technology · doi:10.2166/wst.2011.182 · Cited by 8
A review of environmental impact assessment frameworks for livestock production systems
Ran, Y., Lannerstad, M., Barron, J., Fraval, S., Paul, B. K., Notenbaert, A. M. O., Mugatha, S., & Herrero, M. (2019) · doi:10.21955/gatesopenres.1115879.1 · Cited by 8
A Critical Approach on Using Total Water Footprint of Agricultural Products as a Potential Sustainable Development Indicator
Andrei, J. V., Gogonea, R.-M., Zaharia, M., Patrascu, A. T., Bălăcescu, A., & Lădaru, R. G. (2020) · Tehnicki vjesnik - Technical Gazette · doi:10.17559/tv-20180123175831 · Cited by 7
“The water footprint has represented a core indicator of numerous studies concerning both the European Union member states [7-10] and outside [11], [15], revealing its importance in understanding sustainable development evolution and constrains.”
Background
Employing Data Mining Algorithms and Mathematical Empirical Models for Predicting Wind Drift and Evaporation Losses of a Sprinkler Irrigation Method
Al-Dosary, N. M. N., Maray, S. A., Al-Hamed, S. A., & Aboukarima, A. M. (2023) · Water · doi:10.3390/w15050922 · Cited by 7
Review of Quantitative Applications of the Concept of the Water Planetary Boundary at Different Spatial Scales
Han, S., Leng, G.-Y., & Yu, L.-F. (2023) · Water Resources Research · doi:10.1029/2022wr033646 · Cited by 6
“…products and agricultural products through a bottom-up method, while the other approach involves adding up the imports and exports of the water footprint on top of the territory-based state (Hoekstra & Chapagain, 2007; Hoekstra & Mekonnen, 2012; Mekonnen & Hoekstra, 2011; Teah et al., 2016).”
Method
Regulation of Planting Structure Considering Irrigation Water, Carbon Emission, and Grain Security in the Yellow River Basin, China, by Using Multisource Data
Yang, J., Chang, J., Wang, Y., & Yao, J. P. (2023) · Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering · doi:10.1061/jidedh.ireng-10103 · Cited by 7
Modelling water scarcity and water footprint of agricultural crops: A case from a semi-arid region in Morocco
Attar, O., Leone, M., Girolamo, A. M. D., Bouchaou, L., Brouziyne, Y., Khalki, E. M. E., Berrouch, H., Taia, S., Hssaisoune, M., & Brahim, Y. A. (2025) · Journal of Hydrology Regional Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102455 · Cited by 7
Advancements in water footprints research for achieving sustainable development goals: An overview
Chaturvedi, S., Kumar, A., Min, L., Lin, J., Hui, D., Thakur, T. K., & Kumar, R. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-30054-7.00016-1 · Cited by 7
AN ENVIRONMENTAL APPROACH FOR THE MANAGEMENT AND PROTECTION OF HEAVILY IRRIGATED REGIONS
Tsoukala, V. K., Stamou, A., Spiliotopoulou, N., & Papagrigoriou, S. (2012) · Cited by 7
Combination of Assessment Indicators for Policy Support on Water Scarcity and Pollution Mitigation
Yang, W., Song, J., Higano, Y., & Tang, J. (2016) · Water · doi:10.3390/w8050203 · Cited by 7
“The total freshwater footprint of one region is composed of internal and external freshwater footprints [45].”
Background
Water footprint assessment considering intermediate products: model and a 2016 case study of China
Zhi, Y., Hamilton, P. B., Wang, X., & Liang, L. (2018) · Water and Environment Journal · doi:10.1111/wej.12394 · Cited by 7
“The WF of an economic sector is the total water resource consumption in the production process (Hoekstra and Chapagain 2007).”
Background
Importing and Exporting Agricultural Crop Products: An Assessment of Virtual Water Flow (VWF) in Saudi Arabia
Chowdhury, S., ., F. K., Chowdhury, I. R., & Papadopoulou, M. P. (2018) · Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering · doi:10.1007/s13369-018-3627-y · Cited by 7
Arjen Y. Hoekstra 1967–2019
Vanham, D., Mekonnen, M. M., & Chapagain, A. K. (2020) · Nature Sustainability · doi:10.1038/s41893-019-0468-y · Cited by 7
Public perceptions of physical and virtual water in China
Liu, H., Sun, S., Fang, C., van den Berg, P., Dane, G. Z., Li, J., & Fu, G. (2021) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151460 · Cited by 7
OIL PALM WATER REQUIREMENT AND THE NEED FOR IRRIGATION IN DRY MALAYSIAN AREAS
M, A. A. (2022) · Journal of Oil Palm Research · doi:10.21894/jopr.2022.0052 · Cited by 7
“Worldwide, the agricultural sector has the largest water usage, which currently recorded about 85% of freshwater consumption worldwide (Hoekstra and Chapagain, 2007; Shiklomanov, 2000).”
Background
Village-level Drought Vulnerability Assessment Using Geographic Information System (GIS)
Ganapuram, S., Nagarajan, N., & Balaji, V. (2013) · Cited by 7
Socioeconomic Metabolism and the Human Appropriation of Net Primary Production: What Promise Do They Hold for LTSER?
Haberl, H., Erb, K., Gaube, V., Gingrich, S., & Singh, S. J. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-1177-8_2 · Cited by 7
Using Water Footprints for Examining the Sustainable Development of Science Parks
Chen, H. (2015) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su7055521 · Cited by 7
“The water footprint concept, which is closely linked with virtual water or embedded water approaches [12], was first introduced in 2002 as an analogy to the ecological footprint [31].”
Background
Agronomic and economic performances of different cropping systems in a hot, arid environment: A case study from North-western Rajasthan, India
Rathore, V. S., Singh, J. P., Meel, B., & Nathawat, N. S. (2014) · Journal of Arid Environments · doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2014.02.017 · Cited by 7
Could some people be wronged by contracting swine flu? A case discussion on the links between the farm animal sector and human disease
Deckers, J. (2011) · Journal of Medical Ethics · doi:10.1136/jme.2010.040089 · Cited by 7
Socioeconomic Issues in Irrigation Literature: Approaches, Concepts, and Meanings
Montaña, E., Pastor, G. C., & Torres, L. (2009) · Chilean journal of agricultural research · doi:10.4067/s0718-58392009000500006 · Cited by 7
Water footprint: Part 1 - Production of oil palm seedlings in Peninsular Malaysia.
Muhamad, H., Subramaniam, V., Hashim, Z., Sasha, K. K. N., & YuenMay, C. (2014) · Journal of Oil Palm Research · Cited by 7
Energy Metrics to Evaluate the Energy Use and Performance of Water Main Assets
Hashemi, S., Filion, Y., & Speight, V. L. (2017) · Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management · doi:10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000857 · Cited by 7
Empirical Study of the Impact of Outward Foreign Direct Investment on Water Footprint Benefit in China
Kan, D., & Huang, W. (2019) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su11164409 · Cited by 7
“The virtual water is calculated by the production tree method, following the research of Hoekstra and Chapagain (2007), Deng (2015) [45,46].”
Method
Challenges and Opportunities in the Operationalization of the Water-Environment-Energy-Food (WE2F) Nexus: Case Study of the Upper Niger Basin and Inner Niger Delta, West Africa
Seidou, O., Maiga, F., Ringler, C., Kalčić, Š., & Ferrini, L. (2020) · E3S Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202018302001 · Cited by 7
The Inequality Footprints of Nations; A Novel Approach to Quantitative Accounting of Income Inequality
Alsamawi, A., McBain, D., Murray, J., Lenzen, M., & Wiebe, K. S. (2017) · Environmental footprints and eco-design of products and processes · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-4137-2_9 · Cited by 7
Virtual Water and Trade: A Critical Economic Review
Gawel, E. (2014) · Springer water · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-07548-8_3 · Cited by 7
Dietary Transition
Gerbens-Leenes, P. W. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803968-7.00008-3 · Cited by 7
The Electric energy-water nexus: Managing the seasonal linkages of fresh water use in energy sector for sustainable futurePreprint
Sri, P. P. (2010) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 7
Mitigating China's water scarcity and pollution : environmental and economic accounting, modelling and policy analysis
Qin, C. (2011) · doi:10.3990/1.9789061643210 · Cited by 7
Agricultural Water Footprint and Precision Management
Singh, V., Rajanna, G. A., Paramesh, V., & Upadhyay, P. K. (2022) · doi:10.1002/9781119808565.ch11 · Cited by 7
Slaughterhouse wastewater remediation using carbonized sawdust followed by textile filtration
El-kady, M. S., Yosri, A. M., Fathy, S. M., & Helmy, M. (2024) · Applied Water Science · doi:10.1007/s13201-024-02312-1 · Cited by 6
“The water demand for one ton of meat production on average is 15,500 m3 for cattle, 4800 m3 for pigs, 6100 m3 for sheep, and 4000 m3 for poultry (Hoekstra and Chapagain 2006).”
Evaluating Agricultural Resource Pressure and Food Security in China and “Belt and Road” Partner Countries with Virtual Water Trade
Li, C., Sun, J., Wen, X., Xia, Z., Ren, S., & Wu, J. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17041599 · Cited by 6
Water footprint of China’s coal mining sector substantially underestimated
Wang, Y., Li, J., Zhang, J., Yan, Y., Zhang, S., Li, Z., Li, M., Peng, L., & Xie, K. (2025) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.114310 · Cited by 6
Water stress evolution and redistribution pathways under global inequality in consumption
Qu, J., Qin, C., Wang, H., Zhao, Y. B., He, F., Guan, Z., Chang, H., & Shi, L. (2025) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2025.125112 · Cited by 6
HUELLA HÍDRICA Y SOSTENIBILIDAD DEL USO DE LOS RECURSOS HÍDRICOS. Aplicación al Poniente Almeriense. Estudios previos y medidas de eficiencia.
Becerra, A. T., Xavier, B., Bravo, L., & Membrive, V. J. F. (2013) · Cited by 6
The Global Water Cycle
Schlesinger, W. H., & Bernhardt, E. S. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-385874-0.00010-8 · Cited by 8
Developing the Food, Water, and Energy Nexus for Food and Energy Scenarios with the World Trade Model
Cazcarro, I., & Dilekli, N. (2021) · Water · doi:10.3390/w13172354 · Cited by 6
Urban water quality and wastewater discharges in mega and metro cities of India—Challenges, impacts, and management: An overview
Kumar, D., Ram, S., & Srivastav, A. L. (2022) · Current directions in water scarcity research · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91838-1.00006-3 · Cited by 6
Environmental imprints of agricultural and livestock produce: A scoping review from South Asian countries
Sachdeva, B., Puri, S., & Aeri, B. T. (2023) · Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1111/jhn.13239 · Cited by 6
Water Footprint of Animal Breeding Industry and Driving Forces at Provincial Level in China
Xing, H., Xie, Y., Li, B., Cong, H., Zheng, W., & Liu, H. (2023) · Water · doi:10.3390/w15244264 · Cited by 6
China’s Urban Water Utilization Based on the Water Footprint Methodology
Alifujiang, Y., Lu, N., Feng, P., & Jiang, Y. (2024) · Water · doi:10.3390/w16030462 · Cited by 6
Impacts of biofuel production on food security.
Norgrove, L. (2010) · Cited by 6
Evaluation of Virtual Water Calculation Method in Korea
Ahn, J.-H., Lee, J. G., Lee, S., & Hong, I. (2010) · Journal of Korea Water Resources Association · doi:10.3741/jkwra.2010.43.6.583 · Cited by 6
Calculation and Analysis of Water Footprint in Shunyi District of Beijing
Liu, S. L., Wang, Y. X., & Mao, X. H. (2013) · Applied Mechanics and Materials · doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.964 · Cited by 6
“One is the top-down method which measures water resources from the view of production and consumption and mainly considers the process of foreign trade [1].”
BackgroundMethod
Karst aquifer characterization using storm event analysis for Black Dragon springshed, Beijing, China
Li, J., Qi, Y., Zhong, Y., Yang, L., Xu, Y., Lin, P., Wang, S., & He, J. (2016) · CATENA · doi:10.1016/j.catena.2016.05.019 · Cited by 6
Accounting for the environmental impact of food waste on water resources and climate change
Tang, Y.-T. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817121-9.00014-0 · Cited by 6

Authors: Hoekstra, A. Y., & Chapagain, A. K.
Affiliations: University of Twente (NL)
IHE Delft Institute for Water Education (NL)
Corresponding author: Hoekstra, A. Y.
ORCID: Hoekstra, A. Y.
Chapagain, A. K.
Venue: Water Resources Management
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2006-06-27
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Pages: 35-48
ISSN: 0920-4741 (ISSN-L)
1573-1650
DOI: 10.1007/s11269-006-9039-x
OpenAlex: W2102620549
Cited by: 1,458
References: 13
Citations by year: 2026: 41 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 61 · 2023: 65 · 2022: 72 · 2021: 96 · 2020: 91 · 2019: 88 · 2018: 76 · 2017: 90 · 2016: 94 · 2015: 127 · 2014: 111 · 2013: 84 · 2012: 71
FWCI: 40.12
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Water Resources Management (publishedVersion)
University of Twente Research Information (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
University of Twente Research Information (submittedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Environmental Impact and Sustainability
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Sustainability and Ecological Systems Analysis
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Water-Energy-Food Nexus Studies
Keywords: water footprint, consumption patterns, household water use, gross national income, meat consumption, agricultural water use efficiency, water use efficiency, global water use

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Water footprints of nations: Water use by people as a function of their consumption pattern

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks