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Water footprints of nations: Water use by people as a function of their consumption pattern
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“Increasing sodium intake well beyond physiological requirements increases BP (241–243) and CVD mortality (95–97).”
From Food Consumption and its Impact on Cardiovascular Disease: Importance of Solutions Focused on the Globalized Food System (2015) · cites this paper as [95]
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Chapagain, A. K., & Hoekstra, A. Y. (2004) · University of Twente Research Information · Cited by 403
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Food consumption patterns and their effect on water requirement in China
Liu, J., & Savenije, H. H. G. (2008) · Hydrology and earth system sciences · doi:10.5194/hess-12-887-2008 · Cited by 166
“Hence, the term of VWC in this paper is equivalent to the term of “water footprint” in Hoekstra and Chapagain (2007).”
MethodShifting from fossil-based economy to bio-based economy: Status quo, challenges, and prospects
Yang, L., Wang, X., Dai, M., Chen, B., Qiao, Y., Deng, H., Zhang, D., Zhang, Y., Almeida, C. M. V. B., Chiu, A. S. F., et al. (2021) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2021.120533 · Cited by 186
City Blueprints: 24 Indicators to Assess the Sustainability of the Urban Water Cycle
van Leeuwen, K., Frijns, J., van Wezel, A. P., & van de Ven, F. H. M. (2012) · Water Resources Management · doi:10.1007/s11269-012-0009-1 · Cited by 164
Current Trends in Green Technologies in Food Production and Processing
Boye, J. I., & Arcand, Y. (2012) · Food Engineering Reviews · doi:10.1007/s12393-012-9062-z · Cited by 163
“The world average water footprint per kg of meat was estimated at 15,500 L for beef, 6,100 L for sheep, 4,800 L for pork, and 3,900 L for poultry [33].”
BackgroundVirtual Water: A Helpful Perspective, but not a Sufficient Policy Criterion
Wichelns, D. (2010) · Water Resources Management · doi:10.1007/s11269-009-9547-6 · Cited by 162
“... estimates of the amounts of water used to produce crop and livestock products (generally expressed in m 3 /ton) by the amounts of those products traded internationally (tons) to obtain estimates of “virtual water flows.” When estimating the amounts of water used per ton of product, the authors generally consider c…”
BackgroundThe water needed for Italians to eat pasta and pizza
Aldaya, M. M., & Hoekstra, A. Y. (2010) · Agricultural Systems · doi:10.1016/j.agsy.2010.03.004 · Cited by 162
“Recently, however, it has been shown that this approach is limited (Hoekstra and Chapagain, 2007, 2008).”
BackgroundA first empirical comparison of energy Footprints embodied in trade — MRIO versus PLUM
Wiedmann, T. (2008) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.06.023 · Cited by 165
The Added Value of Water Footprint Assessment for National Water Policy: A Case Study for Morocco
Schyns, J. F., & Hoekstra, A. Y. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0099705 · Cited by 161
“Morocco has been included in a number of global studies, but these studies did not analyse the spatial and temporal variability of the water footprint within the country [11–13].”
BackgroundAssessing and measuring environmental impact and sustainability
Klemeš, J. J. (2015) · Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy · doi:10.1007/s10098-015-0930-0 · Cited by 157
A system of systems approach to energy sustainability assessment: Are all renewables really green?
Hadian, S., & Madani, K. M. (2014) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.11.029 · Cited by 154
Water for a Sustainable WorldPreprint
Unesco, U. (2015) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 157
Critical review of the energy-water-carbon nexus in cities
Meng, F., Liu, G., Liang, S., Su, M., & Yang, Z. (2019) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2019.01.048 · Cited by 152
Vanham, D. (2015) · Ecosystem Services · doi:10.1016/j.ecoser.2015.08.003 · Cited by 157
Industrial water recycle/reuse
Klemeš, J. J. (2012) · Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.coche.2012.03.010 · Cited by 147
Green and Sustainable Pharmacy
Kümmerer, K., & Hempel, M. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-05199-9 · Cited by 149
Xu, Y., Huang, K., Yu, Y., & Wang, X. (2014) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.08.103 · Cited by 145
Godar, J., Persson, U. M., Tizado, E. J., & Meyfroidt, P. (2015) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.02.003 · Cited by 153
Reynolds, C. J., Buckley, J. D., Weinstein, P., & Boland, J. W. (2014) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu6062251 · Cited by 155
“While increasing aquaculture may assist in preventing depletion of wild fish stocks, both wild-caught and aquafarmed fish have substantial environmental impacts, with fish protein being up to 14 times more energy-intensive to produce than a vegetable equivalent [93].”
BackgroundRenewable energy development in rural areas of Iran
Afsharzade, N., Papzan, A., Ashjaee, M., Delangizan, S., Passel, S. V., & Azadi, H. (2016) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.07.042 · Cited by 139
“It should be noted that the global water footprint is 7,450 G m(3)/yr, which is on average 1,240 m(3)/cap/yr [39].”
BackgroundChina’s water footprint by province, and inter-provincial transfer of virtual water
Chen, W., Wu, S., Lei, Y., & Li, S. (2016) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.11.037 · Cited by 139
Vinecology: pairing wine with nature
Viers, J. H., Williams, J. N., Nicholas, K. A., Barbosa, O., Kotzé, I., Spence, L., Webb, L. B., Merenlender, A. M., & Reynolds, M. (2013) · Conservation Letters · doi:10.1111/conl.12011 · Cited by 151
Water requirements for livestock production: a global perspective
Schlink, A. C., Nguyen, M. L., & Viljoen, G. J. (2010) · Scientific and Technical Review (World Organisation for Animal Health) · doi:10.20506/rst.29.3.1999 · Cited by 138
Niva, V., Cai, J., Taka, M., Kummu, M., & Varis, O. (2019) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119755 · Cited by 137
Water Footprint of Wheat in Iraq
Ewaid, S. H., Abed, S. A., & Al-Ansari, N. A. (2019) · Water · doi:10.3390/w11030535 · Cited by 136
“The total WF is directly related to water resource accessibility; the blue and green WFs of unit production describe the local water productivity [14].”
BackgroundDam Site Suitability Mapping and Analysis Using an Integrated GIS and Machine Learning Approach
Al-Ruzouq, R. I., Shanableh, A., Yilmaz, A. G., Idris, A., Mukherjee, S., Khalil, M. A., & Gibril, M. B. A. (2019) · Water · doi:10.3390/w11091880 · Cited by 136
“Water consumption per capita has reached 550 L/day in some countries due to modern lifestyles, a development which places an additional pressure on existing water resources [3].”
BackgroundBlue water footprint linked to national consumption and international trade is unsustainable
Mekonnen, M. M., & Hoekstra, A. Y. (2020) · Nature Food · doi:10.1038/s43016-020-00198-1 · Cited by 140
Zhao, C., Chen, B., Hayat, T., Alsaedi, A., & Ahmad, B. (2014) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.04.048 · Cited by 133
Zhang, Z., Shi, M., & Yang, H. (2012) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es302576u · Cited by 133
Uncovering regional disparity of China's water footprint and inter-provincial virtual water flows
Dong, H., Geng, Y., Fujita, T., Fujii, M., Hao, D., & Yu, X. (2014) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.094 · Cited by 131
Okudoh, V. I., Trois, C., Workneh, T. S., & Schmidt, Š. (2014) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.142 · Cited by 141
“Normally, water footprints are classified into three categories; blue, green and grey WFs [41].”
BackgroundInfluentialWang, C., Hou, Y., & Xue, Y. (2017) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.03.204 · Cited by 131
“Other scientists like Hoekstra and Chapagain (2007) developed a water footprint that incorporates virtual water based on the EF model.”
BackgroundEcosystem service supply and demand – the challenge to balance spatial mismatches
Syrbe, R., & Grunewald, K. (2017) · International Journal of Biodiversity Science Ecosystems Services & Management · doi:10.1080/21513732.2017.1407362 · Cited by 131
Water footprinting at the product brand level: case study and future challenges
Ridoutt, B. G., Eady, S., Sellahewa, J., Simons, L., & Bektash, R. (2009) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2009.03.002 · Cited by 130
Consumption-based carbon accounting: sense and sensibility
Tukker, A., Pollitt, H., & Henkemans, M. (2020) · Climate Policy · doi:10.1080/14693062.2020.1728208 · Cited by 129
Daniels, P., Lenzen, M., & Kenway, S. J. (2011) · Economic Systems Research · doi:10.1080/09535314.2011.633500 · Cited by 132
“For example, only a minor part of water abstracted for power generation is actually consumed and many industrial water uses result in wastewater discharge (Hoekstra and Chapagain, 2007).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialHoekstra, A. Y. (2010) · Water · doi:10.3390/w3010021 · Cited by 135
“The global volume of virtual water flows relating to the international trade in commodities is 1,625 billion m 3 /yr, of which 1,200 billion m 3 /yr refers to the export of home-made products; the remainder concerns re-exports of imported goods (in the same form as imported or in processed form) [59,72].”
BackgroundRauw, W. M., Rydhmer, L., Kyriazakis, I., Øverland, M., Gilbert, H., Dekkers, J. C. M., Hermesch, S., Bouquet, A., Izquierdo, E. G., Louveau, I., et al. (2020) · Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture · doi:10.1002/jsfa.10338 · Cited by 143
A Footprint Family extended MRIO model to support Europe's transition to a One Planet Economy
Galli, A., Weinzettel, J., Cranston, G. R., & Ercin, E. (2012) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.11.071 · Cited by 132
Estimating the direct and indirect water use of tourism in the eastern Mediterranean
Hadjikakou, M., Chenoweth, J., & Miller, G. A. (2012) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.11.002 · Cited by 124
“…the use of the Water Footprint (WF) methodology (Hoekstra, 2003), which has been used to calculate water use on an international (Chapagain and Hoekstra, 2004; Hoekstra and Chapagain, 2007) or corporate scale (Ercin et al., 2011) and to suggest potential ways in which water savings may be achieved.”
MethodDecoupling economic growth from water consumption in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China
Kong, Y., He, W., Yuan, L., Zhang, Z., Gao, X., Zhao, Y., & Degefu, D. M. (2021) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107344 · Cited by 124
Water Footprint of Cities: A Review and Suggestions for Future Research
Paterson, W., Rushforth, R. R., Ruddell, B. L., Konar, M., Ahams, I. C., Gironás, J., Mijić, A., & Mejía, A. (2015) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su7078461 · Cited by 124
“The WF quantifies the total volume of freshwater used to produce the goods and services consumed by an individual, region, or nation [37].”
BackgroundWater footprint of livestock: comparison of six geographically defined beef production systems
Ridoutt, B. G., Sanguansri, P., Freer, M. W., & Harper, G. S. (2011) · The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment · doi:10.1007/s11367-011-0346-y · Cited by 123
“Published estimates of the water required to raise beef cattle and to produce beef products vary enormously, from as little as 27 L kg Hot Standard Carcase Weight after processing (less than 15 L kg LW) to as much as 200,000 L kg beef (approximately 85,000 L kg LW) (Beckett and Oltjen 1993; Pimental et al. 1997; Thoma…”
BackgroundLiu, Z., Huang, Q., He, C., Wang, C., Wang, Y., & Li, K. (2020) · Resources Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105113 · Cited by 122
Sugar-sweetened beverage taxes: lessons to date and the future of taxation
Popkin, B. M., & Ng, S. W. (2021) · PLOS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003412 · Cited by 121
Hoekstra, A., Chapagain, A., & Van Oel, P. (2017) · Water · doi:10.3390/w9060438 · Cited by 121
“Water-intensive commodities like agricultural, forestry, and mining products are internationally traded, which implies that consumers of these products have water footprints far beyond the places where they live [3].”
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Lutter, S., Pfister, S., Giljum, S., Wieland, H., & Mutel, C. (2016) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.03.001 · Cited by 120
Alborzi, A., Mirchi, A., Moftakhari, H. R., Mallakpour, I., Alian, S., Nazemi, A., Hassanzadeh, E., Mazdiyasni, O., Ashraf, S., Madani, K. M., et al. (2018) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aad246 · Cited by 123
“On the one hand, the water resources that are exploited beyond the basin ’ s nat-ural supply capacity are supporting agrarian and urban livelihoods with significant green and blue water foot-prints (Hoekstra and Chapagain 2006, Mekonnen and Hoekstra 2011).”
BackgroundBlind spots in ecosystem services research and challenges for implementation
Lautenbach, S., Mupepele, A., Dormann, C. F., Lee, H., Schmidt, S., Scholte, S. S. K., Seppelt, R., Teeffelen, A. J. A. V., Verhagen, W., & Völk, M. (2019) · Regional Environmental Change · doi:10.1007/s10113-018-1457-9 · Cited by 143
Water Governance 2.0: A Review and Second Generation Research Agenda
Araral, E., & Wang, Y. (2013) · Water Resources Management · doi:10.1007/s11269-013-0389-x · Cited by 119
“Water scholars, policy makers and donors over the last decade generally agree that improving water governance holds the key to solving water insecurity in developing countries (Rogers and Hall 2003; Gopalakrishnan et al. 2005; Kashyap 2004; Saleth and Dinar 2005; Hoekstra and Chapagain 2007; Briscoe 2009; Biswas and T…”
InfluentialWater-use efficiency and productivity trends in Australian irrigated cotton: a review
Roth, G. W., Harris, G., Gillies, M. H., Montgomery, J., & Wigginton, D. (2013) · Australian Journal of Agricultural Research · doi:10.1071/cp13315 · Cited by 117
“(Hoekstra and Chapagain 2006).”
GlobWat – a global water balance model to assess water use in irrigated agriculture
Hoogeveen, J., Faurès, J. M., Peiser, L., Burke, J. L., & van de Giesen, N. (2015) · Hydrology and earth system sciences · doi:10.5194/hess-19-3829-2015 · Cited by 116
“tal water balances helps to clarify discussions on “green” and “blue” water (Falkenmark and Rockström, 2004), as well as on water footprints (Hoekstra and Chapagain, 2007), since it can distinguish between evaporation attributable to land management (evaporation from in situ rainfall) and evaporation attributable to w…”
BackgroundDemand, supply, and restraint: Determinants of domestic water conflict and cooperation
Böhmelt, T., Bernauer, T., Buhaug, H., Gleditsch, N. P., Tribaldos, T., & Wischnath, G. (2013) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.11.018 · Cited by 127
“…countries is likely to increase with economic development and related processes, such as industrialization, energy production, health and sanitation developments, or changing food habits, including the expansion of irrigation systems in arid regions (Hoekstra and Chapagain, 2006; Gleick, 2011).”
Impact of Urbanization on Water Shortage in Face of Climatic Aberrations
Majumder, M. (2015) · SpringerBriefs in water science and technology · doi:10.1007/978-981-4560-73-3 · Cited by 116
Accounting for the water impacts of ethanol production
Fingerman, K. R., Torn, M. S., O’Hare, M. H., & Kammen, D. M. (2010) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/5/1/014020 · Cited by 115
Sustainable production of biologically active molecules of marine based origin
Murray, P., Moane, S., Collins, C., Beletskaya, T., Thomas, O., Duarte, A. W. F., Nobre, F. S., Dayo-Owoyemi, I., Pagnocca, F. C., Sette, L. D., et al. (2013) · New Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.nbt.2013.03.006 · Cited by 117
Coal use embodied in globalized world economy: From source to sink through supply chain
Wu, X., & Chen, G. Q. (2017) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.08.018 · Cited by 112
Land-water-energy nexus of sugarcane production in Thailand
Silalertruksa, T., & Gheewala, S. H. (2018) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.085 · Cited by 113
Sustainability-Related Food Labels
Asioli, D., Aschemann‐Witzel, J., & Nayga, R. M. (2020) · Annual Review of Resource Economics · doi:10.1146/annurev-resource-100518-094103 · Cited by 128
Mathioudakis, V., Gerbens-Leenes, P. W., Van der Meer, T. H., & Hoekstra, A. Y. (2017) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.02.032 · Cited by 110
“There are studies for the WF of nations (Hoekstra and Chapagain, 2007) or animal products (Mekonnen and Hoekstra, 2012).”
BackgroundChina's provincial grey water footprint characteristic and driving forces
Zhang, L., Dong, H., Geng, Y., & Medel-Jiménez, F. (2019) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.318 · Cited by 111
New challenges of food security in Northwest China: Water footprint and virtual water perspective
Liu, X., Shi, L., Engel, B. A., Sun, S., Zhao, X., Wu, P., & Wang, Y. (2019) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118939 · Cited by 112
Water use by livestock: A global perspective for a regional issue?
Doreau, M. M., Corson, M. S., & Wiedemann, S. G. (2012) · Animal Frontiers · doi:10.2527/af.2012-0036 · Cited by 109
Thenkabail, P. S., Hanjra, M. A., Dheeravath, V., & Gumma, M. K. (2010) · Remote Sensing · doi:10.3390/rs2010211 · Cited by 108
“Virtual water balance per country over the period 1997–2001 [107].”
BackgroundWang, R., & Zimmerman, J. B. (2016) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b00571 · Cited by 106
Water footprints of energy sources in China: Exploring options to improve water efficiency
Ding, N., Liu, J., Yang, J., & Lü, B. (2017) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.273 · Cited by 106
Assessing water resource use in livestock production: A review of methods
Ran, Y., Lannerstad, M., Herrero, M., van Middelaar, C. E., & de Boer, I. J. M. (2016) · Livestock Science · doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2016.02.012 · Cited by 114
Overview of environmental footprints
Čuček, L., Klemeš, J. J., & Kravanja, Z. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-799968-5.00005-1 · Cited by 105
Development and use of bioenergy feedstocks for semi-arid and arid lands
Cushman, J. C., Davis, S. C., Yang, X., & Borland, A. M. (2015) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/erv087 · Cited by 112
“%) of the global freshwater supply (Hoekstra and Chapagain, 2007; Hoekstra and Mekonnen, 2012).”
BackgroundKattel, G. (2019) · Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/10643389.2019.1579621 · Cited by 100
“Better water conservation strategies of surface and ground water such as equitable allocation of water needed for production of goods and services are thought to improve water footprint management in dry river basins (Hoekstra & Chapagain, 2006).”
BackgroundKarandish, F., & Hoekstra, A. Y. (2017) · Water · doi:10.3390/w9110831 · Cited by 101
“The water footprint (WF) is a spatially–temporally explicit measure of freshwater used directly or indirectly by a producer or a consumer [13], and could facilitate the analysis of how patterns of consumption, production, and trade relate to patterns of water consumption [14].”
BackgroundWater footprint assessment of main cereals in Iran
Ababaei, B., & Etedali, H. R. (2016) · Agricultural Water Management · doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2016.07.016 · Cited by 100
Sun, S., Fang, C., & Lv, J. (2017) · Journal of Hydrology · doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.08.020 · Cited by 100
van Oel, P. R., & Hoekstra, A. Y. (2011) · Water Resources Management · doi:10.1007/s11269-011-9942-7 · Cited by 106
“For quantifying this amount, the water footprint concept can be used (Hoekstra and Chapagain 2007; 2008).”
MethodWang, Y. B., Wu, P., Engel, B. A., & Sun, S. (2014) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.089 · Cited by 98
“The average annual consumptive water use is appropriate for evaluating the impact on water resources and water pressure (Chapagain et al., 2006; Hoekstra and Chapagain, 2007; Pfister et al., 2009; Ridoutt and Pfister, 2010; Liu &Yang, 2010).”
BackgroundGreenhouse gas emissions and water footprints of typical dietary patterns in India
Green, R. F., Joy, E. J. M., Harris, F., Agrawal, S., Aleksandrowicz, L., Hillier, J., Macdiarmid, J. I., Milner, J., Vetter, S. H., Smith, P., et al. (2018) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.258 · Cited by 102
Accounting for water use in Australian red meat production
Peters, G. M., Wiedemann, S. G., Rowley, H. V., & Tucker, R. W. (2010) · The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment · doi:10.1007/s11367-010-0161-x · Cited by 97
“The calculations of Pimentel and Pimentel (2003) are similar to Hoekstra and Chapagain (2007) because they do not distinguish between in situ rain and engineered water supplies.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialEffects of anthropogenic water regulation and groundwater lateral flow on land processes
Zeng, Y., Xie, Z., Yu, Y., Liu, S., Wang, L., Zou, J., Qin, P., & Jia, B. (2016) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1002/2016ms000646 · Cited by 95
The water footprint of biofuel-based transport
Gerbens-Leenes, P. W., & Hoekstra, A. Y. (2011) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c1ee01187a · Cited by 95
Virtual water transfers unlikely to redress inequality in global water use
Seekell, D. A., D’Odorico, P., & Pace, M. L. (2011) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/6/2/024017 · Cited by 95
Han, X., Zhao, Y., Gao, X., Jiang, S., Lin, L., & An, T. (2020) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144276 · Cited by 93
Building a Global Food Systems Typology: A New Tool for Reducing Complexity in Food Systems Analysis
Marshall, Q., Fanzo, J., Barrett, C. B., Jones, A. D., Herforth, A., & McLaren, R. (2021) · Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems · doi:10.3389/fsufs.2021.746512 · Cited by 97
“Similarly, per capita water use from food consumption shows a positive trend from rural and traditional to industrial and consolidated food systems, which partially reflects the increasing volume of consumption and higher consumption of animalsource foods, which have a higher average water footprint than grains and mo…”
BackgroundSignificance of environmental footprints for evaluating sustainability and security of development
Čuček, L., Klemeš, J. J., Varbanov, P. S., & Kravanja, Z. (2015) · Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy · doi:10.1007/s10098-015-0972-3 · Cited by 94
“It is closely linked to the concept of ‘virtual water’ (Hoekstra and Chapagain 2007)—embodied water, and involves virtual water in imports and exports (Dong et al.”
BackgroundPotential of Using Remote Sensing Techniques for Global Assessment of Water Footprint of Crops
Romaguera, M., Hoekstra, A. Y., Su, Z., Krol, M. S., & Salama, M. S. (2010) · Remote Sensing · doi:10.3390/rs2041177 · Cited by 94
“In recent years WFs and virtual water have been calculated for crops, goods, services, as well as on generic national levels [2,4,15-18].”
BackgroundInternational trade buffers the impact of future irrigation shortfalls
Liu, J., Hertel, T. W., Taheripour, F., Zhu, T., & Ringler, C. (2014) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.07.010 · Cited by 93
“…footprints of agricultural e under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/ production for domestic consumption and export at the global (Hoekstra and Mekonnen, 2012), national (Fader et al., 2011; Hoekstra and Chapagain, 2007) and city levels (Hoff et al., 2013).”
BackgroundClimate Change and Tourism Policy in OECD Countries
OECD, & United Nations Environment Programme (2011) · OECD studies on tourism · doi:10.1787/9789264119598-en · Cited by 93
Global effects of local food-production crises: a virtual water perspective
Tamea, S., Laio, F., & Ridolfi, L. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep18803 · Cited by 94
“Agricultural commodities are by far, the most water-intensive traded products 3 and they are in large part ultimately devoted to human consumption.”
Jiang, S., Wang, J., Zhao, Y., Shang, Y., Gao, X., Li, H., Wang, Q., & Zhu, Y. (2017) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.02.103 · Cited by 92
An Evaluation of China’s Water Footprint
Ge, L., Xie, G., Zhang, C., Li, S., Qi, Y., Shuyan, C., & He, T. (2011) · Water Resources Management · doi:10.1007/s11269-011-9830-1 · Cited by 91
“At present, irrigated agriculture is responsible for about 70% of all freshwater abstractions by humans (Gleick 1993; Bruinsma 2003), while agriculture as a whole applies about 86% of the worldwide freshwater use (Hoekstra and Chapagain 2007).”
BackgroundMethodArunrat, N., Pumijumnong, N., Sereenonchai, S., Chareonwong, U., & Wang, C. (2020) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137864 · Cited by 91
Gheewala, S. H., Berndes, G., & Jewitt, G. P. W. (2011) · Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining · doi:10.1002/bbb.295 · Cited by 93
Fan, J., Wang, J., Zhang, X., Kong, L., & Song, Q.-Y. (2018) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.426 · Cited by 89
A holistic approach to access the viability of cultured meat: A review
Jairath, G., Mal, G., Gopinath, D., & Singh, B. (2021) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2021.02.024 · Cited by 97
Deng, G., Ma, Y., & Li, X. (2015) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.07.129 · Cited by 89
Tan, R. R., Foo, D. C. Y., Aviso, K. B., & Ng, D. K. S. (2008) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2008.10.004 · Cited by 89
The water footprint of industry
Hoekstra, A. Y. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-799968-5.00007-5 · Cited by 89
Quantifying Spatial Variation in Ecosystem Services Demand: A Global Mapping Approach
Wolff, S., Schulp, C. J. E., Kästner, T., & Verburg, P. H. (2017) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.02.005 · Cited by 96
Carbon and water footprint accounts of Italy: A Multi-Region Input-Output approach
Ali, Y., Pretaroli, R., Socci, C., & Severini, F. (2017) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.277 · Cited by 88
Wu, F., Yang, X., Cui, Z., Ren, L., Jiang, S. S., Liu, Y., & Yuan, S. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168550 · Cited by 86
Sustainable Urban Water Management under a Changing Climate: The Role of Spatial Planning
Hürlimann, A., & Wilson, E. (2018) · Water · doi:10.3390/w10050546 · Cited by 85
“Strategy planning Use of the water foot print [152] as a strategic planning tool Possibility to be used as a strategic water planning tool demonstrated for the case of South-East Queensland in Australia [153] P A & C L W Pu Strategic planning to consider economic development, ecosystem functions and social change requ…”
Metadata
- Authors
- Hoekstra, A. Y., & Chapagain, A. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Twente (NL)
- IHE Delft Institute for Water Education (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Hoekstra, A. Y.
- Venue
- Water Resources Management
- Published
- 2006-06-27
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 35-48
- ISSN
- 0920-4741 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-1650
- OpenAlex
- W2102620549
- Cited by
- 1,458
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 61 · 2023: 65 · 2022: 72 · 2021: 96 · 2020: 91 · 2019: 88 · 2018: 76 · 2017: 90 · 2016: 94 · 2015: 127 · 2014: 111 · 2013: 84 · 2012: 71
- FWCI
- 40.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Water Resources Management (publishedVersion)
- University of Twente Research Information (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- University of Twente Research Information (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Environmental Impact and Sustainability
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Sustainability and Ecological Systems Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Water-Energy-Food Nexus Studies
- Keywords
- water footprint, consumption patterns, household water use, gross national income, meat consumption, agricultural water use efficiency, water use efficiency, global water use
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