Inflammation induces mitochondrial dysfunction and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the nigrostriatal system
Abstract
Evidence suggests that chronic inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress play significant and perhaps synergistic roles in Parkinson’s disease (PD), where the primary pathology is significant loss of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The use of anti‐inflammatory drugs for PD treatment has been proposed, and inhibition of cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) or activation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPAR‐γ) yields neuroprotection in MPTP‐induced PD. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces inflammation‐driven dopaminergic neurodegeneration. We tested the hypothesis that celecoxib (Celebrex, COX‐2 inhibitor) or pioglitazone (Actos, PPAR‐γ agonist) will reduce the LPS‐induced inflammatory response, spare mitochondrial bioenergetics, and improve nigral dopaminergic neuronal survival. Rats were treated with vehicle, celecoxib, or pioglitazone and were intrastriatally injected with LPS. Inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, decreased dopamine, and nigral dopaminergic neuronal loss were observed post‐LPS. Celecoxib and pioglitazone provided neuroprotective properties by decreasing inflammation and restoring mitochondrial function. Pioglitazone also attenuated oxidative stress and partially restored striatal dopamine as well as demonstrated dopaminergic neuroprotection and reduced nigral microglial activation. In summary, intrastriatal LPS served as a model for inflammation‐induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration, anti‐inflammatory drugs provided protective properties, and pioglitazone or celecoxib may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of neuro‐inflammation and PD.
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The nine established hallmarks of aging have all been shown to be connected with sustained systemic inflammation.
“have all been shown to be linked to sustained systemic inflammation7–16.”
From An inflammatory aging clock (iAge) based on deep learning tracks multimorbidity, immunosenescence, frailty and cardiovascular aging (2021) · cites this paper as [10]
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- Authors
- Hunter, R. L., Dragicevic, N., Seifert, K., Choi, D. Y., Liu, M., Kim, H., Cass, W. A., Sullivan, P. G., & Bing, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Kentucky (US)
- Kangwon National University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Bing, Guoying
- Venue
- Journal of Neurochemistry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-11-20
- Volume
- 100
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1375-1386
- ISSN
- 0022-3042 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-4159
- OpenAlex
- W1629697287
- Cited by
- 322
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 11.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neurochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG017963, R01AG017963)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS 044157, R01NS048191, NS 046426, NS 048191, R01NS044157, R21NS046426)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, neuroinflammation, dopaminergic neuron loss, substantia nigra, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, lipopolysaccharide, celecoxib, pioglitazone, COX-2 inhibition, PPARγ agonism, neuroprotection, microglial activation, striatal dopamine, MPTP model
- MeSH terms
- Celecoxib, Pioglitazone, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Dopamine, Inflammation, Lipopolysaccharides, Male, Mitochondria, Nerve Degeneration, Neurons, Pyrazoles, Receptor, Insulin, Substantia Nigra, Sulfonamides, Cell Death, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Microglia, Thiazolidinediones, PPAR gamma, Rats, Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors, In Vitro Techniques
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