The impact of social media on college mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multinational review of the existing literature
Open accessAbstract
Purpose of review During the COVID-19 pandemic, both social media use and rates of anxiety and depression among college students have increased significantly. This begs the question, what is the relationship between social media use and college student mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic? Recent findings Prior studies have found mixed results regarding the relationship between social media use and college student mental health. This relationship has become increasingly complex during the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that excessive or problematic social media use during the COVID-19 pandemic was correlated with worse mental health outcomes that could be mitigated by dialectical thinking, optimism, mindfulness, and cognitive reappraisal. The COVID-19 pandemic acts as a moderator by strengthening the relationship between social media use and mental health. Future studies should consider the impact of social media on college student mental health and concentrate on intervention initiatives to ensure the psychological well-being of college students during a global pandemic outbreak.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Other studies suggest that the relationship between SNS use and mental health remained negative during the COVID-19 pandemic.
“other studies suggest that the relationship between SNSs use and mental health remained negative during the pandemic”
From The associations between social comparison on social media and young adults’ mental health (2025) · cites this paper as Haddad et al., 2021
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2001) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x · Cited by 44,910 · see citing works
A Brief Measure for Assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder: The GAD-7
Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092 · Cited by 31,765 · see citing works
Social network sites: definition, history, and scholarship
boyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B. (2007) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x · Cited by 16,251 · see citing works
Depression and quality of life in older persons: A review
Sivertsen, H., Bjørkløf, G. H., Engedal, K., Selbæk, G., & Helvik, A.-S. (2015) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000437299 · Cited by 14,152 · see citing works
KESSLER, R. C., ANDREWS, G., COLPE, L. J., HIRIPI, E., MROCZEK, D. K., NORMAND, S.-L. T., WALTERS, E. E., & ZASLAVSKY, A. M. (2002) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291702006074 · Cited by 10,327 · see citing works
The Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: concurrent and discriminant validity evidence
Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Cutrona, C. E. (1980) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.39.3.472 · Cited by 5,173 · see citing works
COVID-19 pandemic and mental health consequences: Systematic review of the current evidence
Vindegaard, N., & Benros, M. E. (2020) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.048 · Cited by 3,221 · see citing works
Loades, M. E., Chatburn, E., Higson-Sweeney, N., Reynolds, S., Shafran, R., Brigden, A., Linney, C., McManus, M. N., Borwick, C., & Crawley, E. (2020) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2020.05.009 · Cited by 2,906 · cited 6× · see citing works
“They also found that mindfulness was a protective factor that attenuated the adverse effect of social media on mental 70 Page 4 of 12 Current Psychiatry Reports (2021) 23: 70”
BackgroundInfluentialMental health problems and social media exposure during COVID-19 outbreak
Gao, J., Zheng, P., Jia, Y., Chen, H., Mao, Y., Chen, S., Wang, Y., Fu, H., & Dai, J. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0231924 · Cited by 2,830 · see citing works
Effects of COVID-19 on College Students’ Mental Health in the United States: Interview Survey Study
Son, C., Hegde, S., Smith, A., Wang, X., & Sasangohar, F. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/21279 · Cited by 2,822 · see citing works
Andreassen, C. S., Billieux, J., Griffiths, M. D., Kuss, D. J., Demetrovics, Z., Mazzoni, E., & Pallesen, S. (2016) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000160 · Cited by 2,095 · see citing works
Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on life of higher education students: A global perspective
Aristovnik, A., Keržič, D., Ravšelj, D., Tomaževič, N., & Umek, L. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12208438 · Cited by 2,047 · see citing works
The use of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale in adolescents and young adults
Radloff, L. S. (1991) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/bf01537606 · Cited by 1,997 · see citing works
Luo, M., Guo, L., Yu, M., Jiang, W., & Wang, H. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113190 · Cited by 1,615 · see citing works
Wang, X., Hegde, S., Son, C., Keller, B., Smith, A., & Sasangohar, F. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/22817 · Cited by 1,463 · see citing works
SALKOVSKIS, P. M., RIMES, K. A., WARWICK, H. M. C., & CLARK, D. M. (2002) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291702005822 · Cited by 1,351 · see citing works
Lin, L. Y., Sidani, J. E., Shensa, A., Radovic, A., Miller, E., Colditz, J. B., Hoffman, B. L., Giles, L. M., & Primack, B. A. (2016) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22466 · Cited by 1,111 · see citing works
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (2013) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t03589-000 · Cited by 946 · see citing works
Browning, M. H. E. M., Larson, L. R., Sharaievska, I., Rigolon, A., McAnirlin, O., Mullenbach, L., Cloutier, S., Vu, T. M., Thomsen, J., Reigner, N., et al. (2021) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0245327 · Cited by 888 · see citing works
Development and Validation of the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale
Bride, B. E., Robinson, M. M., Yegidis, B., & Figley, C. R. (2004) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/1049731503254106 · Cited by 874 · see citing works
Huckins, J. F., daSilva, A. W., Wang, W., Hedlund, E., Rogers, C., Nepal, S. K., Wu, J., Obuchi, M., Murphy, E. I., Meyer, M. L., et al. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/20185 · Cited by 759 · see citing works
Greco, L. A., Baer, R. A., & Smith, G. T. (2011) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0022819 · Cited by 685 · see citing works
Thorisdottir, I. E., Sigurvinsdottir, R., Asgeirsdottir, B. B., Allegrante, J. P., & Sigfusdottir, I. D. (2019) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2019.0079 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
COVID-19 anxiety symptoms associated with problematic smartphone use severity in Chinese adults
Elhai, J. D., Yang, H., McKay, D., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.080 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Stockdale, L. A., & Coyne, S. M. (2020) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.01.010 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Pahayahay, A., & Khalili-Mahani, N. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/20186 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Hong, W., Liu, R.-D., Ding, Y., Fu, X., Zhen, R., & Sheng, X. (2021) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2020.0387 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
The Welfare Effects of Social Media
Allcott, H., Braghieri, L., Eichmeyer, S., & Gentzkow, M. (2019) · doi:10.3386/w25514 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 52
- [1]da Silva ML Rocha RSB Buheji M Jahrami H Cunha KDC A systematic review of the prevalence of anxiety symptoms during coronavirus epidemics J Health Psychol 2020 71 135910532095162 11 10.1177/1359105320951620 32830577 · DOI
- [4]Machado DB, Alves FJO1, Teixeira CSS, Rocha AS, Castro-de-Araujo LF, Singh A, et al. Effects of COVID-19 on anxiety, depression and other mental health issues: a worldwide scope review. ResearchSquare. 2020. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-58186/v1. · DOI
- [10]Aylie NS Mekonen MA Mekuria RM The psychological impacts of COVID-19 pandemic among university students in Bench-Sheko zone, South-west Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study Psychol Res Behav Manag 2020 13 813 821 10.2147/PRBM.S275593 33061696 PMC7533263 · DOI
- [11]Gritsenko V, Skugarevsky O, Konstantinov V, Khamenka N, Marinova T, Reznik A, Isralowitz R. COVID 19 fear, stress, anxiety, and substance use among Russian and Belarusian university students. Int J Ment Heal Addict. 2020; 1–7. Advance online publication. 10.1007/s11469-020-00330-z. PMC7241583 32837418 · DOI
- [12]Husky MM Kovess-Masfety V Swendsen JD Stress and anxiety among university students in France during Covid-19 mandatory confinement Compr Psychiatry 2020 102 152191 10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152191 32688023 PMC7354849 · DOI
- [13]Kaparounaki CK Patsali ME Mousa DV Papadopoulou E Papadopoulou K Fountoulakis KN University students’ mental health amidst the COVID-19 quarantine in Greece Psychiatry Res 2020 290 113111 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113111 32450416 PMC7236729 · DOI · Paper page
- [15]Tasnim R Islam MS Sujan M Sikder MT Potenza MN Suicidal ideation among Bangladeshi university students early during the COVID-19 pandemic: prevalence estimates and correlates Child Youth Serv Rev 2020 119 105703 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105703 33204046 PMC7654299 · DOI
- [17]Wathelet M Duhem S Vaiva G Baubet T Habran E Veerapa E Factors associated with mental health disorders among university students in France confined during the COVID-19 pandemic JAMA Netw Open 2020 3 10 e2025591 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25591 33095252 PMC7584927 · DOI · Paper page
- [18]Conrad RC Koire A Pinder-Amaker S Liu CH College student mental health risks during the COVID-19 pandemic: implications of campus relocation J Psychiatr Res 2021 136 117 126 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.01.054 33588225 PMC8635290 · DOI
- [19]Liu CH, Pinder-Amaker S, Hahm HC, Chen JA. Priorities for addressing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on college student mental health. J Am Coll Heal. 2020;1–3. PMC8041897 33048654
- [20]Sankhi S, Marasine NR. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of the general population, students, and health care workers. Europasian J Med Sci. 2020;2(Covid-19 Special Issue):1–9. 10.46405/ejms.v2i2.131. · DOI
- [23]Stieger S, Lewetz D, Swami V. Psychological well-being under conditions of lockdown: an experience sampling study in Austria during the COVID-19 pandemic. 2020. 10.31234/osf.io/qjhfp. PMC7778412 33424431 · DOI
- [24]• Gómez-Galán J, Martínez-López JÁ, Lázaro-Pérez C, Sarasola Sánchez-Serrano JL. Social networks consumption and addiction in college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: educational approach to responsible use. Sustainability. 2020; 12:7737. This Spanish cross-sectional study demonstrated increased rates of social media addiction among college students during the COVID pandemic.
- [25]Majumdar P Biswas A Sahu S COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown: cause of sleep disruption, depression, somatic pain, and increased screen exposure of office workers and students of India Chronobiol Int 2020 37 8 1191 1200 10.1080/07420528.2020.1786107 32660352 · DOI
- [26]• Rajkumar RP. COVID-19 and mental health: a review of the existing literature. Asian J Psychiatr. 2020;52:102066. 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102066. This article is one of the first literature reviews of mental health during the COVID pandemic. PMC7151415 32302935 · DOI · Paper page
- [27]Twenge JM Haidt J Joiner TE Campbell WK Underestimating digital media harm Nat Hum Behav 2020 4 346 348 10.1038/s41562-020-0839-4 32303719 · DOI
- [29]• Zhong B, Huang Y, Liu Q. Mental health toll from the coronavirus: social media usage reveals Wuhan residents’ depression and secondary trauma in the COVID-19 outbreak. Comput Human Behav. 2021;114:106524. 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106524. This Chinese cross-sectional study administered at the peak of the COVID-19 outbreak showed that social media usage predicted both depression and secondary trauma in Wuhan residents. PMC7428783 32836728 · DOI
- [31]Sundarasen S Chinna K Kamaludin K Nurunnabi M Baloch GM Khoshaim HB Psychological impact of COVID-19 and lockdown among university students in Malaysia: implications and policy Recommendations IJERPH 2020 17 6206 6213 10.3390/ijerph17176206 PMC7504527 32867024 · DOI
- [32]• O’Brien M, Moore K, McNicholas F. Social media spread during Covid-19: the pros and cons of likes and shares. Ir Med J. 2020;113(4):52. This editorial piece lays out the pros and cons of social media use specifically during the COVID pandemic. 32268046
- [34]•• Zhao N, Zhou G. Social media use and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: moderator role of disaster stressor and mediator role of negative affect. Appl Psychol Health Well Being. 2020;12(4):1019–38. 10.1111/aphw.12226. This is an original observational study of college mental health related to social media use during the COVID-19 pandemic. PMC7536964 32945123 · DOI
- [37]Naeem M Do social media platforms develop consumer panic buying during the fear of Covid-19 pandemic J Retail Consum Serv 2021 58 102226 10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102226 · DOI
- [38]•• Li M, Liu L, Yang Y, Wang Y, Yang X, Wu H. Psychological impact of health risk communication and social media on college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: cross-sectional study. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(11):e20656. 10.2196/20656. This is an original observational study of college mental health related to social media use during the COVID-19 pandemic. PMC7677589 33108308 · DOI
- [39]•• Li Y, Zhao J, Ma Z, McReynolds LS, Lin D, Chen Z, Wang T, Wang D, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Fan F, Liu X. Mental health among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic in China: a 2-wave longitudinal survey. J Affect Disord. 2020;281:597–604. 10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.109. This is an original observational study of college mental health related to social media use during the COVID-19 pandemic. 33257043 · DOI · Paper page
- [41]•• Al-Tammemi AB, Akour A, Alfalah L. Is it just about physical health? An online cross-sectional study exploring the psychological distress among university students in Jordan in the midst of COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychol. 2020;11:562213. 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.562213. (This is an original observational study of college mental health related to social media use during the COVID-19 pandemic.) PMC7677563 33240151 · DOI
- [42]•• Misirlis N, Zwaan MH, Weber D. International students’ loneliness, depression and stress levels in COVID-19 crisis: the role of social media and host university. arXiv. 2020. Available online: https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.12806. Accessed 20 Dec 2020. This is an original observational study of college mental health related to social media use during the COVID-19 pandemic. · arXiv
- [43]• Giusti L, Salza A, Mammarella S, Bianco D, Ussorio D, Casacchia M, Roncone R. #Everything will be fine. Duration of home confinement and “all-or-nothing” cognitive thinking style as predictors of traumatic distress in young university students on a digital platform during the COVID-19 Italian lockdown. Front Psych. 2020;11:574812. 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.574812. This cross-sectional study explores how different thinking styles predicted posttraumatic symptomatology. PMC7770221 33384623 · DOI
- [44]• Yang Y, Liu K, Li S, Shu M. Social media activities, emotion regulation strategies, and their interactions on people’s mental health in COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(23), 8931. 10.3390/ijerph17238931. This article explains how emotion-regulation strategies mediate the relationship between social media use and mental health. PMC7730977 33271779 · DOI
- [45]Derogatis L. SCL-90-R: administration, scoring, and procedures manual. Minneapolis, MN: NCS Pearson; 1996.
- [49]Thoresen S Tambs K Hussain A Heir T Johansen VA Bisson JI Brief measure of posttraumatic stress reactions: impact of event scale-6 Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2010 45 3 405 412 10.1007/s00127-009-0073-x 19479171 · DOI
- [50]Weiss DS. The impact of event scale: revised. In Wilson JP, Tang CS-K (eds.). International and cultural psychology. Cross-cultural assessment of psychological trauma and PTSD. Springer Science + Business Media. 2007; p. 219–238. 10.1007/978-0-387-70990-1_10. · DOI
- [53]Zhou X Wu X The relationship between rumination, posttraumatic stress disorder, and posttraumatic growth among Chinese adolescents after earthquake: a longitudinal study J Affect Disord 2016 193 242 248 10.1016/j.jad.2015.12.076 26773915 · DOI
- [56]Watson D Clark LA Tellegen A Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales J Pers Soc Psychol 1988 54 6 1063 1070 10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063 3397865 · DOI · Paper page
- [57]Main A Zhou Q Ma Y Luecken LJ Liu X Relations of SARS-related stressors and coping to Chinese college students’ psychological adjustment during the 2003 Beijing SARS epidemic J Couns Psychol 2011 58 3 410 423 10.1037/a0023632 21574694 · DOI · Paper page
- [60]Ellison NB Steinfield C Lampe C The benefits of Facebook “friends:” social capital and college students’ use of online social network sites J Comput-Mediat Commun 2007 12 4 1143 1168 10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00367.x · DOI · Paper page
- [62]Kerrigan F Hart A Theorising digital personhood: a dramaturgical approach J Mark Manag 2016 32 17–18 1701 1721 10.1080/0267257X.2016.1260630 · DOI
- [63]Jason LA Stevens E Ram D Development of a three-factor psychological sense of community scale J Community Psychol 2015 43 8 973 985 10.1002/jcop.21726 27667867 PMC5030068 · DOI
- [64]Eaton WW, Smith C, Ybarra M, Muntaner C, Tien A. Center for epidemiologic studies depression scale: review and revision (CESD and CESD-R). In Maruish ME (ed.), The use of psychological testing for treatment planning and outcomes assessment: Instruments for adults. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers; 2004. p. 363–377.
- [66]Roberts RE Andrews JA Lewinsohn PM Hops H Assessment of depression in adolescents using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Psychol Assess 1990 2 2 122 10.1037/1040-3590.2.2.122 · DOI · Paper page
- [67]Luo S Xin M Wang S Zhao J Zhang G Li L Li L Tak-fai LJ Behavioural intention of receiving COVID-19 vaccination, social media exposures and peer discussions in China Epidemiol Infect 2021 149 e158 1 9 PMC8267342 33888165
- [68]Saroj A Pal S Use of social media in crisis management: a survey Int J Disaster Risk Reduct 2020 48 101584 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101584 · DOI
- [70]Kuss D Griffiths M Social networking sites and addiction: ten lessons learned Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017 14 3 311 10.3390/ijerph14030311 PMC5369147 28304359 · DOI · Paper page
- [73]Kwon M Kim DJ Cho H Yang S The smartphone addiction scale: development and validation of a short version for adolescents PLoS ONE 2013 8 12 e83558 10.1371/journal.pone.0083558 24391787 PMC3877074 · DOI · Paper page
- [74]Csibi S Griffiths M Cook B Demetrovics Z Szabo A The psychometric properties of the smartphone application-based addiction scale (SABAS) Int J Ment Heal Addict 2017 16 2 393 403 10.1007/s11469-017-9787-2 PMC5897481 29670500 · DOI
- [75]Pontes H Griffiths M Measuring DSM-5 internet gaming disorder: development and validation of a short psychometric scale Comput Hum Behav 2015 45 137 143 10.1016/j.chb.2014.12.006 · DOI · Paper page
- [76]Young KS Caught in the net: how to recognize the signs of internet addiction – and a winning strategy for recovery 1998 New York Wiley
- [77]• Hill D. Social media: anticipatory guidance. Pediatr Rev. 2020;41(3):112–9. 10.1542/pir.2018-0236. This review article in the American Academy of Pediatrics is about how and why clinicians should provide anticipatory guidance to children/adolescents and their families regarding healthy social media use. 32123022 · DOI
- [79]Adams D, Simpson K, Davies L, Campbell C, Macdonald L. Online learning for university students on the autism spectrum: a systematic review and questionnaire study. Australas J Educ Technol. 2019;35(6).
- [80]Ghaemi SN Digital depression: a new disease of the millennium? Acta Psychiatr Scand 2020 141 4 356 361 10.1111/acps.13151 31955405 · DOI
- [81]• Sarmiento IG, Olson C, Yeo G, et al. How does social media use relate to adolescents’ internalizing symptoms? Conclusions from a systematic narrative review. Adolescent Res Rev. 2020;5:381–404. This systematic review demonstrates the mental health benefits of actively rather than passively engaging with social media.
- [84]• Jayaseelan R, Brindha D, Kades W. Social media reigned by information or misinformation about COVID-19: a phenomenological study. SSRN Electron J. 2020. 10.2139/ssrn.3596058. This qualitative study explores whether social media is diffusing information or misinformation to the public about the COVID-19 pandemic. · DOI
- [85]• Lin CY, Broström A, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH. Investigating mediated effects of fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19 misunderstanding in the association between problematic social media use, psychological distress, and insomnia. Internet Interv. 2020;21:100345. 10.1016/j.invent.2020.100345. This survey found a correlation between high intake of COVID-19-related misinformation with psychological distress, particularly in the young adult population. PMC7449889 32868992 · DOI
- [86]Suhail A, Iqbal N, Smith J. Lived experiences of Indian youth amid COVID-19 crisis: an interpretative phenomenological analysis. International J Soc Psychiatry. 20764020966021. 2020. Advance online publication. 10.1177/0020764020966021. PMC7550795 33040683 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Dai, Z., Jing, S., Wang, H., Xiao, W., Huang, Y., Chen, X., Fu, J., Pan, C., Tang, Q., Wang, H., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.949477 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Social Media and Anxiety in Youth
Chochol, M. D., Gandhi, K., & Croarkin, P. E. (2023) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2023.02.004 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
The associations between social comparison on social media and young adults’ mental health
Le Blanc-Brillon, J., Fortin, J.-S., Lafrance, L., & Hétu, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1597241 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Review: Social media use and adolescent mental health - an umbrella review and power analysis.
Tølbøll, K. B. (2026) · Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1111/camh.70071 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
- Authors
- Haddad, J. M., Macenski, C., Mosier-Mills, A., Hibara, A., Kester, K., Schneider, M., Conrad, R. C., & Liu, C. H.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Haddad, Jessica M.
- Venue
- Current Psychiatry Reports
- Published
- 2021-10-06
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 70-70
- ISSN
- 1523-3812 (ISSN-L)
- 1535-1645
- PMC
- PMC8493361
- OpenAlex
- W3203170149
- Cited by
- 121
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 22 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 4.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Current Psychiatry Reports (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
- Keywords
- social media use, college student mental health, COVID-19 pandemic, anxiety, depression, social media addiction, dialectical thinking, optimism, mindfulness, cognitive reappraisal, psychological well-being
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Humans, Mental Health, Pandemics, Social Media
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review