COVID-19 anxiety symptoms associated with problematic smartphone use severity in Chinese adults
Open accessAbstract
Background COVID-19 is fast-spreading and potentially fatal, introducing home quarantine, social distancing, and increased internet usage globally. We investigated COVID-19 anxiety, general anxiety and depression symptoms, and their impact on problematic smartphone use (PSU) severity METHODS: Participants were 908 residents of a large Eastern Chinese city, surveyed from late-February to mid-March, 2020. We administered online measures including the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21, Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, and items querying COVID-19-related news exposure and threat of death. Additionally, participants rated anxiety using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 with reference to COVID-19. Results COVID-19 anxiety correlated with severity of PSU, depression and anxiety. Using established cut-off scores, 12% of participants were identified with at least moderate depression, and 24% with moderate anxiety. Using structural equation modeling, COVID-19 anxiety related to PSU severity, mediating relations between general anxiety and PSU severity. However, controlling PSU for general anxiety and depression severity, COVID-19 anxiety no longer predicted PSU severity. Limitations Limitations include the cross-sectional research design and reliance on data from only one country. Conclusions Results are discussed in context of the I-PACE model of excessive internet use. While COVID-19 anxiety is likely a global anxiety-provoking event, other everyday worries and anxiety are additionally clinically important in driving excessive internet use.
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Excessive smartphone use is associated with anxiety.
“Comorbidity with depression, anxiety, OCD, ADHD and alcohol use disorder.”
From Excessive Smartphone Use Is Associated With Health Problems in Adolescents and Young Adults (2021) · cites this paper as [51]
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“Increased smartphone use may contribute to mobile phone addiction during the COVID-19 pandemic [22].”
BackgroundProblematic Smartphone Use on Mental Health: A Systematic Mapping Study and Taxonomy
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- Authors
- Elhai, J. D., Yang, H., McKay, D., & Asmundson, G. J. G.
- Affiliations
- Tianjin Normal University (CN)
- Fordham University (US)
- University of Regina (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Yang, Haibo
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-09
- Volume
- 274
- Pages
- 576-582
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7251360
- OpenAlex
- W3031954033
- Cited by
- 325
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 87 · 2021: 105 · 2020: 21
- FWCI
- 26.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Fordham Research Commons (Fordham University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Toledo
- Tianjin Normal University
- National Institutes of Health
- U.S. Department of Defense
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- COVID-19 anxiety, smartphone addiction, depression, general anxiety, excessive internet use, I-PACE model, threat of death, Chinese adults
- MeSH terms
- Smartphone, Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adult, Anxiety Disorders, China, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Pneumonia, Viral, Surveys and Questionnaires, Severity of Illness Index, Comorbidity, Causality, Behavior, Addictive, Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics
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