Obesity treatment by very low-calorie-ketogenic diet at two years: reduction in visceral fat and on the burden of disease
Abstract
The long-term effect of therapeutic diets in obesity treatment is a challenge at present. The current study aimed to evaluate the long-term effect of a very low-calorie-ketogenic (VLCK) diet on excess adiposity. Especial focus was set on visceral fat mass, and the impact on the individual burden of disease. A group of obese patients (n = 45) were randomly allocated in two groups: either the very low-calorie-ketogenic diet group (n = 22), or a standard low-calorie diet group; (n = 23). Both groups received external support. Adiposity parameters and the cumulative number of months of successful weight loss (5 or 10 %) over a 24-month period were quantified. The very low-calorie-ketogenic diet induced less than 2 months of mild ketosis and significant effects on body weight at 6, 12, and 24 months. At 24 months, a trend to regress to baseline levels was observed; however, the very low-calorie-ketogenic diet induced a greater reduction in body weight (-12.5 kg), waist circumference (-11.6 cm), and body fat mass (-8.8 kg) than the low-calorie diet (-4.4 kg, -4.1 cm, and -3.8 kg, respectively; p < 0.001). Interestingly, a selective reduction in visceral fat measured by a specific software of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)-scan (-600 g vs. -202 g; p < 0.001) was observed. Moreover, the very low-calorie-ketogenic diet group experienced a reduction in the individual burden of obesity because reduction in disease duration. Very low-calorie-ketogenic diet patients were 500 mont…
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Our results are consistent with other adult ketogenic dietary studies that reported no bone mass loss in short-term or long-term follow-up of 2 and 5 years.
“Our results are consistent with other adult ketogenic dietary studies that reported no bone mass loss in short-term (66) or long-term follow-up of 2 (67, 82) and 5 (83) years.”
Other low-carbohydrate interventions report visceral fat reduction as a component of weight loss.
“This is consistent with other low-carbohydrate interventions reporting visceral fat reduction as a component of weight loss (30, 56, 66–68).”
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- Authors
- Moreno, B., Crujeiras, A. B., Bellido, D., Sajoux, I., & Casanueva, F. F.
- Affiliations
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (ES)
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (ES)
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol (ES)
- PronoKal Group (Spain) (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Casanueva, Felipe F
- Venue
- Endocrine
- Published
- 2016-09-13
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 681-690
- ISSN
- 0969-711X (ISSN-L)
- 1355-008X
- 1559-0100
- OpenAlex
- W2519857434
- Cited by
- 204
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 71 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 6.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Endocrine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Diet and metabolism studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes
- Keywords
- very low-calorie ketogenic diet, obesity treatment, visceral fat, hypocaloric diet, weight loss, fat mass, waist circumference, disease burden, long-term dietary intervention, ketosis, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Prospective Studies, Absorptiometry, Photon, Treatment Outcome, Intra-Abdominal Fat, Adiposity, Diet, Ketogenic, Young Adult
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