Cited by 341Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular DisturbancesTraumatic Brain Injury ResearchAutomotive and Human Injury Biomechanics

Traumatic Brain Injury: Mechanistic Insight on Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutic Targets

Thapa, Komal, Khan, Heena, Singh, Thakur Gurjeet, Kaur, Amarjot·2021·Journal of Molecular Neuroscience

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes brain damage, which involves primary and secondary injury mechanisms. Primary injury causes local brain damage, while secondary damage begins with inflammatory activity followed by disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), peripheral blood cells infiltration, brain edema, and the discharge of numerous immune mediators including chemotactic factors and interleukins. TBI alters molecular signaling, cell structures, and functions. Besides tissue damage such as axonal damage, contusions, and hemorrhage, TBI in general interrupts brain physiology including cognition, decision-making, memory, attention, and speech capability. Regardless of the deep understanding of the pathophysiology of TBI, the underlying mechanisms still need to be assessed with a desired therapeutic agent to control the consequences of TBI. The current review gives a brief outline of the pathophysiological mechanism of TBI and various biochemical pathways involved in brain injury, pharmacological treatment approaches, and novel targets for therapy.

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Crossref · 10.1007/s12031-021-01841-7

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172 of 172 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • CNS diseases include neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, as well as traumatic brain injuries and spinal cord injuries.

    “The diseases encompass various severe conditions, including neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease (AD) [3, 4] and Parkinson’s disease (PD) [5, 6], as well as traumatic brain injuries (TBI) [7] and spinal cord injuries (SCI) [8].”

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Authors
Thapa, K., Khan, H., Singh, T. G., & Kaur, A.
Affiliations
Chitkara University (IN)
Corresponding author
Singh, Thakur Gurjeet
Venue
Journal of Molecular Neuroscience
Published
2021-05-06
Volume
71
Issue
9
Pages
1725-1742
ISSN
  • 0895-8696 (ISSN-L)
  • 1559-1166
OpenAlex
W3158138032
Cited by
341
References
171
Citations by year
2026: 55 · 2025: 88 · 2024: 88 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 9
FWCI
6.33
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Molecular Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics
Keywords
traumatic brain injury, primary injury, secondary injury, neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption, cerebral edema, axonal injury, hemorrhagic contusion, cognitive impairment, therapeutic target, pharmacotherapy
MeSH terms
Brain Injuries, Traumatic, Animals, Humans, Signal Transduction, NF-kappa B, Oxidative Stress, Neuroprotective Agents

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