Oxidative Stress in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Abstract
According to the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), as of July 11, 2016, the reported average incidence of children diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was 1 in 68 (1.46%) among 8-year-old children born in 2004 and living within the 11 monitoring sites' surveillance areas in the United States of America (USA) in 2012. ASD is a multifaceted neurodevelopmental disorder that is also considered a hidden disability, as, for the most part; there are no apparent morphological differences between children with ASD and typically developing children. ASD is diagnosed based upon a triad of features including impairment in socialization, impairment in language, and repetitive and stereotypic behaviors. The increasing incidence of ASD in the pediatric population and the lack of successful curative therapies make ASD one of the most challenging disorders for medicine. ASD neurobiology is thought to be associated with oxidative stress, as shown by increased levels of reactive oxygen species and increased lipid peroxidation, as well as an increase in other indicators of oxidative stress. Children with ASD diagnosis are considered more vulnerable to oxidative stress because of their imbalance in intracellular and extracellular glutathione levels and decreased glutathione reserve capacity. Several studies have suggested that the redox imbalance and oxidative stress are integral parts of ASD pathophysiology. As such, early assessment and treatment of antioxidant status may result in a better prognosis as it could decrease the oxidative stress in the brain before it can induce more irreversible brain damage. In this review, many aspects of the role of oxidative stress in ASD are discussed, taking into account that the process of oxidative stress may be a target for therapeutic interventions.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
There is converging evidence pointing at a role of redox dysregulation as a possible mechanism involved in the aetiopathogenesis of both ASD and psychosis.
“There is converging evidence pointing at a role of redox dysregulation as a possible mechanism involved in the aetiopathogenesis of both ASD (Bjørklund et al., 2020) and psychosis (Perkins, Jeffries, & Do, 2020).”
From Can epigenetics shine a light on the biological pathways underlying major mental disorders? (2022) · cites this paper as Bjørklund et al., 2020
Cites
Role of nrf2 in oxidative stress and toxicity
Ma, Q. (2013) · Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-011112-140320 · Cited by 4,903 · see citing works
The Blood-Brain Barrier in Health and Chronic Neurodegenerative Disorders
Zlokovic, B. V. (2008) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.01.003 · Cited by 3,280 · see citing works
Brigelius-Flohé, R., & Maiorino, M. (2013) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects · doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.11.020 · Cited by 1,904 · see citing works
The Keap1-Nrf2 pathway: Mechanisms of activation and dysregulation in cancer
Kansanen, E., Kuosmanen, S. M., Leinonen, H., & Levonen, A.-L. (2013) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2012.10.001 · Cited by 1,313 · see citing works
Microglia and neuroinflammation: a pathological perspective
Streit (2004) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-1-14 · Cited by 1,039 · see citing works
Buie, T., Campbell, D. B., Fuchs, G. J., Furuta, G. T., Levy, J., VandeWater, J., Whitaker, A. H., Atkins, D., Bauman, M. L., Beaudet, A. L., et al. (2010) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2009-1878c · Cited by 872 · see citing works
Oxidative Stress and the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease
Zhao, Y., & Zhao, B. (2013) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2013/316523 · Cited by 855 · see citing works
Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-analysis
McElhanon, B. O., McCracken, C., Karpen, S., & Sharp, W. G. (2014) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2013-3995 · Cited by 831 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Moreover, children with ASD experience significantly more GI symptoms than children without ASD [58], and their GI symptoms correlate strongly with their ASD severity [59].”
BackgroundCatalá, A. (2009) · Chemistry and Physics of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2008.09.004 · Cited by 745 · see citing works
Thioredoxin and Related Molecules–From Biology to Health and Disease
Lillig, C. H., & Holmgren, A. (2007) · Antioxidants & Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2007.9.25 · Cited by 724 · see citing works
Markesbery, W. R., & Lovell, M. A. (1998) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(98)00009-8 · Cited by 680 · see citing works
Chauhan, A., & Chauhan, V. (2006) · Pathophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.pathophys.2006.05.007 · Cited by 656 · see citing works
Energetic basis of brain activity: implications for neuroimaging
Shulman, R. G., Rothman, D. L., Behar, K. L., & Hyder, F. (2004) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2004.06.005 · Cited by 590 · see citing works
The role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes
Patti, M.-E., & Corvera, S. (2010) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2009-0027 · Cited by 551 · see citing works
Rose, S., Melnyk, S., Pavliv, O., Bai, S., Nick, T. G., Frye, R. E., & James, S. J. (2012) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2012.61 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
How environmental and genetic factors combine to cause autism: A redox/methylation hypothesis
Deth, R., Muratore, C., Benzecry, J., Power-Charnitsky, V.-A., & Waly, M. (2008) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2007.09.010 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Roberts, A. L., Lyall, K., Hart, J. E., Laden, F., Just, A. C., Bobb, J. F., Koenen, K. C., Ascherio, A., & Weisskopf, M. G. (2013) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1206187 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Modulation of Gut Microbiota–Brain Axis by Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Diet
Liu, X., Cao, S., & Zhang, X. (2015) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02404 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Saad, K., Abdel-rahman, A. A., Elserogy, Y. M., Al-Atram, A. A., Cannell, J. J., Bjørklund, G., Abdel-Reheim, M. K., Othman, H. A. K., El-Houfey, A. A., Abd El-Aziz, N. H. R., et al. (2016) · Nutritional Neuroscience · doi:10.1179/1476830515y.0000000019 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Self-citationChauhan, A., Gu, F., Essa, M. M., Wegiel, J., Kaur, K., Brown, W. T., & Chauhan, V. (2011) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07189.x · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Increased excretion of a lipid peroxidation biomarker in autism
Ming, X., Stein, T. P., Brimacombe, M., Johnson, W. G., Lambert, G. H., & Wagner, G. C. (2005) · Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids · doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2005.06.002 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Neuroprotective mesenchymal stem cells are endowed with a potent antioxidant effect <i>in vivo</i>
Lanza, C., Morando, S., Voci, A., Canesi, L., Principato, M. C., Serpero, L. D., Mancardi, G., Uccelli, A., & Vergani, L. (2009) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06268.x · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Frye, R. E., Rose, S., Chacko, J., Wynne, R., Bennuri, S. C., Slattery, J. C., Tippett, M., Delhey, L., Melnyk, S., Kahler, S. G., et al. (2016) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2016.189 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Schiavone, S., Colaianna, M., & Curtis, L. (2015) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612821666150105143358 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Estimation of autistic children by metallomics analysis
Yasuda, H., Yasuda, Y., & Tsutsui, T. (2013) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep01199 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Feng, P., Zhao, S., Zhang, Y., & Li, E. (2023) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1123462 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Can epigenetics shine a light on the biological pathways underlying major mental disorders?
Alameda, L., Trotta, G., Quigley, H., Rodriguez, V., Gadelrab, R., Dwir, D., Dempster, E., Wong, C. C. Y., & Forti, M. D. (2022) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291721005559 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“In ASD, preliminary evidence indicated higher HTR2A promoter DNAm in leucocytes of those carrying the high-risk genotype in the HTR2A (Hranilovic, Blazevic, Stefulj, & Zill, 2016).”
BackgroundInfluential
- Authors
- Bjørklund, G., Meguid, N. A., El-Bana, M. A., Tinkov, A. A., Saad, K., Dadar, M., Hemimi, M., Skalny, A. V., Hosnedlová, B., Kizek, R., Osredkar, J., Urbina, M. A., Fabjan, T., El-Houfey, A. A., Kałużna-Czaplińska, J., Gątarek, P., & Chirumbolo, S.
- Affiliations
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (NO)
- National Research Centre (EG)
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RU)
- Assiut University (EG)
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (IR)
- University of Veterinary Sciences Brno (CZ)
- Ljubljana University Medical Centre (SI)
- University of Concepción (CL)
- Lodz University of Technology (PL)
- University of Verona (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Bjørklund, Geir
- ORCID
- Venue
- Molecular Neurobiology
- Published
- 2020-02-05
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 2314-2332
- ISSN
- 0893-7648 (ISSN-L)
- 1559-1182
- OpenAlex
- W3004998899
- Cited by
- 323
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 75 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 21
- FWCI
- 5.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Molecular Neurobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, glutathione, antioxidant status, redox imbalance, ASD pathophysiology, neurodevelopmental disorders, antioxidant therapy
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Aerobiosis, Antioxidants, Brain Chemistry, Central Nervous System, Child, Child, Preschool, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Glutathione Peroxidase, Humans, Metallothionein, Mitochondria, Oxidation-Reduction, Selenium, Lipid Peroxidation, Incidence, Free Radical Scavengers, Oxidative Stress, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Selenoproteins, Dysbiosis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
