Cited by 87Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative DiseasesAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsComputational Drug Discovery Methods

Multi-Target Drug Candidates for Multifactorial Alzheimer’s Disease: AChE and NMDAR as Molecular Targets

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Uddin, Md. Sahab, Al Mamun, Abdullah, Kabir, Md. Tanvir, Ashraf, Ghulam Md, Bin-Jumah, May N., Abdel-Daim, Mohamed M.·2021·Molecular Neurobiology

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common forms of dementia among elder people, which is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that results from a chronic loss of cognitive activities. It has been observed that AD is multifactorial, hence diverse pharmacological targets that could be followed for the treatment of AD. The Food and Drug Administration has approved two types of medications for AD treatment such as cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) antagonists. Rivastigmine, donepezil, and galantamine are the ChEIs that have been approved to treat AD. On the other hand, memantine is the only non-competitive NMDAR antagonist approved in AD treatment. As compared with placebo, it has been revealed through clinical studies that many single-target therapies are unsuccessful to treat multifactorial Alzheimer's symptoms or disease progression. Therefore, due to the complex nature of AD pathophysiology, diverse pharmacological targets can be hunted. In this article, based on the entwined link of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and NMDAR, we represent several multifunctional compounds in the rational design of new potential AD medications. This review focus on the significance of privileged scaffolds in the generation of the multi-target lead compound for treating AD, investigating the idea and challenges of multi-target drug design. Furthermore, the most auspicious elementary units for designing as well as synthesizing hybrid drugs are demonstrated as pharmacological probes in the rational design of new potential AD therapeutics.

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Crossref · 10.1007/s12035-020-02116-9

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Authors
Uddin, M. S., Al Mamun, A., Kabir, M. T., Ashraf, G. M., Bin-Jumah, M. N., & Abdel-Daim, M. M.
Affiliations
  • Southeast University (BD)
  • BRAC University (BD)
  • King Abdulaziz University (SA)
  • Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University (SA)
Corresponding author
Uddin, Md. Sahab
Venue
Molecular Neurobiology
Published
2020-09-15
Volume
58
Issue
1
Pages
281-303
ISSN
  • 0893-7648 (ISSN-L)
  • 1559-1182
OpenAlex
W3086481192
Cited by
86
References
189
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 1
FWCI
1.73
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Molecular Neurobiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computational Theory and Mathematics › Computational Drug Discovery Methods
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease, multi-target drug design, acetylcholinesterase, NMDA receptor, cholinesterase inhibitors, memantine, hybrid drugs, privileged scaffolds, rational drug design, Alzheimer's disease therapeutics
MeSH terms
Acetylcholinesterase, Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Humans, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Drug Approval, Multifactorial Inheritance, Molecular Targeted Therapy

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