Management of oxidative stress and other pathologies in Alzheimer’s disease

Simunkova, Miriama; Alwasel, Saleh H.; Alhazza, Ibrahim M.; Jomova, Klaudia; Kollar, Vojtech; Rusko, Miroslav; Valko, Marian

doi:10.1007/s00204-019-02538-y

Cited by 307Alzheimer's disease research and treatmentsCholinesterase and Neurodegenerative DiseasesMedicinal Plants and Neuroprotection

Management of oxidative stress and other pathologies in Alzheimer’s disease

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Simunkova, Miriama, Alwasel, Saleh H., Alhazza, Ibrahim M., Jomova, Klaudia, Kollar, Vojtech, Rusko, Miroslav, Valko, Marian·2019·Archives of Toxicology

DOI 10.1007/s00204-019-02538-y

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Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the formation, aggregation and accumulation of amyloid beta, perturbed metal (copper, iron and zinc) homeostasis, metal-induced oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, aberrant activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and other pathologies. The aim of this review is to discuss the current therapies based on the "combination-drugs-multitargets" strategy to target multiple pathologies to block the progression of pathogenesis of AD. In addition to cholinergic and amyloid targets, a significant effort is focused on targeting the metal-induced oxidative stress component of the disease. The main focus of research is based on modifications of existing drugs with specific biological activity. Tacrine was the first AChE inhibitor to be introduced into clinical practice and has been frequently used for the design of multitarget-directed ligands. A number of hybrid compounds containing tacrine and structural moieties derived from natural sources such as flavonoids [quercetin, rutin, coumarin, gallamine, resveratrol, scutellarin, anisidine, hesperetin, (-)-epicatechin] and other molecules (melatonin, trolox) have also been applied to function as multitarget-directed ligands. Most of these hybrids are potent inhibitors of AChE and butyrylcholinesterase and also of amyloid-beta aggregation. In addition, the antioxidant functionality, represented by coumarins, melatonin and other antioxidant molecules reduces the level of oxidative stress via ROS-scavenging mechanisms, as well as via chelation of redox-active Cu and Fe, thus suppressing the formation of ROS via the Fenton reaction. Various medicinal plants are under investigation for their ability to ameliorate symptoms of AD. The therapeutic potency of huperzine A and B, ginseng, curcumin and other compounds is manifested predominantly by the inhibitory action toward AChE, antioxidant or radical-scavenging and redox metal-chelating activity, inhibition of amyloid-beta aggregation and tau-protein hyperphosphorylation and antiinflammatory activity. Flavonoids not only function as antioxidants and metal-chelating agents, but also interact with protein kinase and lipid kinase signaling pathways, and others involving mitogen-activated protein kinase, NF-kappaB and tyrosine kinase. Among the most promising group of substances with potential activity against AD are the flavonoids, including myricetin, morin, rutin, quercetin, fisetin, kaempferol, apigenin and glycitein, which have been shown, in vitro, to possess antiamyloidogenic and fibril-destabilization activity, as well as being able to act as metal chelators and to suppressing oxidative stress. In terms of the clinical use of multifunctional hybrids, herbal drugs or flavonoids against AD, some remaining challenges are to establish the ideal dose to develop effective formulations to preserve bioavailability and to determine the stage when they should be administered. If the onset of the disease could be delayed by a decade, the number of AD victims would be significantly reduced.

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Aβ protein is the principal component of AD-associated amyloid plaques and is produced by protease cleavage of the type I transmembrane amyloid precursor protein (APP).
“β-amyloid (Aβ) protein is the principal component of AD-associated amyloid plaques, and is produced by protease cleavage of the type I transmembrane amyloid precursor protein (APP) [16, 17].”
From Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (2020) · cites this paper as [16]

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Low concentration of formononetin stimulates the proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE2 by upregulating bcl-2 and p-ERK1/2 expression
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Neuroprotective Effects of Flavonoid Compounds on Neuronal Death Associated to Alzheimer’s Disease
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Protective Role of Corilagin on A β 25–35 -Induced Neurotoxicity: Suppression of NF- κ B Signaling Pathway
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Panchagavya Ghrita, an Ayurvedic formulation attenuates seizures, cognitive impairment and oxidative stress in pentylenetetrazole induced seizures in rats.
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Neuroprotection in Vascular Dementia
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Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging
Jomova, K., Raptova, R., Alomar, S. Y., Alwasel, S. H., Nepovimova, E., Kuca, K., & Valko, M. (2023) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-023-03562-9 · Cited by 2,638 · see citing works
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Several lines of antioxidant defense against oxidative stress: antioxidant enzymes, nanomaterials with multiple enzyme-mimicking activities, and low-molecular-weight antioxidants
Jomova, K., Alomar, S. Y., Alwasel, S. H., Nepovimova, E., Kuca, K., & Valko, M. (2024) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-024-03696-4 · Cited by 1,445 · see citing works
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Recent advances in Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms, clinical trials and new drug development strategies.
Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Wang, J., Xia, Y., Zhang, J., & Chen, L. (2024) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-024-01911-3 · Cited by 1,138 · see citing works
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Teleanu, D. M., Niculescu, A.-G., Lungu, I. I., Radu, C. I., Vladâcenco, O., Roza, E., Costăchescu, B., Grumezescu, A. M., & Teleanu, R. I. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23115938 · Cited by 1,085 · see citing works
Heavy metals: toxicity and human health effects
Jomová, K., Alomar, S. Y., Nepovimová, E., Kuča, K., & Valko, M. (2024) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-024-03903-2 · Cited by 1,158 · see citing works
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Guo, T., Zhang, D., Zeng, Y., Huang, T. Y., Xu, H., & Zhao, Y. (2020) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-020-00391-7 · Cited by 994 · see citing works
The molecular mechanisms of copper metabolism and its roles in human diseases
Chen, J., Jiang, Y., Shi, H., Peng, Y., Fan, X., & Li, C. (2020) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00424-020-02412-2 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Myricetin: A review of the most recent research
Song, X., Tan, L., Wang, M., Ren, C., Guo, C., Yang, B., Ren, Y., Cao, Z., Li, Y., & Pei, J. (2020) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111017 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Flavonoids and their role in oxidative stress, inflammation, and human diseases
Jomová, K., Alomar, S. Y., Valko, R., Líška, J., Nepovimová, E., Kuča, K., & Valko, M. (2025) · Chemico-Biological Interactions · doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2025.111489 · Cited by 413 · see citing works
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Amyloid Beta in Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease
Sehar, U., Rawat, P., Reddy, A. P., Kopel, J. J., & Reddy, P. H. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232112924 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Oxidative stress in alzheimer’s disease: A review on emergent natural polyphenolic therapeutics
Cassidy, L., Fernandez, F., Johnson, J. B., Naiker, M., Owoola, A. G., & Broszczak, D. A. (2019) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102294 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Neuroprotective Potentials of Flavonoids: Experimental Studies and Mechanisms of Action
Bellavite, P. (2023) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox12020280 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Reactive oxygen species in biological systems: Pathways, associated diseases, and potential inhibitors—A review
Rauf, A., Khalil, A. A., Awadallah, S. M., Khan, S. A., Abu‐Izneid, T., Kamran, M., Hemeg, H. A., Mubarak, M. S., Khalid, A., & Wilairatana, P. (2023) · Food Science & Nutrition · doi:10.1002/fsn3.3784 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
The Role of Carbonate in Catalytic Oxidations
Patra, S. G., Mizrahi, A., & Meyerstein, D. (2020) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00344 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Hypoxia, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation: Three Faces of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Merelli, A., Repetto, M. G., Lazarowski, A., & Auzmendi, J. (2020) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-201074 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
A Switch between Antioxidant and Prooxidant Properties of the Phenolic Compounds Myricetin, Morin, 3′,4′-Dihydroxyflavone, Taxifolin and 4-Hydroxy-Coumarin in the Presence of Copper(II) Ions: A Spectroscopic, Absorption Titration and DNA Damage Study
Jomová, K., Hudecova, L., Lauro, P., Simunkova, M., Alwasel, S. H., Alhazza, I. M., & Valko, M. (2019) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules24234335 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
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Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Aging and Age-Related Diseases: A Review
Anik, M. I., Mahmud, N., Masud, A. A., Khan, M. I., Islam, M. N., Uddin, S., & Hossain, M. K. (2022) · ACS Applied Bio Materials · doi:10.1021/acsabm.2c00411 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Review of Pharmacotherapeutic Targets in Alzheimer’s Disease and Its Management Using Traditional Medicinal Plants
Tripathi, P. N., Lodhi, A., Rai, S., Nandi, N., Dumoga, S., Yadav, P., Tiwari, A., Singh, S. K., El‐Shorbagi, A., & Chaudhary, S. (2024) · Degenerative Neurological and Neuromuscular Disease · doi:10.2147/dnnd.s452009 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Tryptophan Metabolism in Central Nervous System Diseases: Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutic Strategies
Huang, Y., Zhao, M., Chen, X., Zhang, R., Le, A., Hong, M., Zhang, Y., Jia, L., Zang, W., Jiang, C., et al. (2023) · Aging and disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2022.0916 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
“Melatonin is said to be an efficient antioxidant and protects against metal-induced oxidative stress; it also exhibits significant antineuroinflammatory properties and can protect against AD [62].”
Background
Hydroxyl radical generations form the physiologically relevant Fenton-like reactions
Zhao, Z. (2023) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.09.013 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Kaempferol, a potential neuroprotective agent in neurodegenerative diseases: From chemistry to medicine
Jin, S., Zhang, L., & Wang, L. (2023) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115215 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Future Therapeutic Perspectives into the Alzheimer’s Disease Targeting the Oxidative Stress Hypothesis
Teixeira, J. P., de Castro, A. A., Soares, F. V., da Cunha, E. F. F., & Ramalho, T. C. (2019) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules24234410 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Anti-aging properties of Dendrobium nobile Lindl.: From molecular mechanisms to potential treatments
Nie, X., Chen, Y., Li, W., & Lu, Y. (2020) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2020.112839 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Role of Flavonoids in the Treatment of Iron Overload
Wang, X., Li, Y., Li, H., Li, J., Liu, C., & Sun, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.685364 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
A review on ferulic acid and analogs based scaffolds for the management of Alzheimer’s disease
Singh, Y. P., Rai, H., Singh, G., Singh, G. K., Mishra, S. K., Kumar, S., Srikrishna, S., & Modi, G. P. (2021) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113278 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Multi-Target Drug Candidates for Multifactorial Alzheimer’s Disease: AChE and NMDAR as Molecular Targets
Uddin, M. S., Al Mamun, A., Kabir, M. T., Ashraf, G. M., Bin-Jumah, M. N., & Abdel-Daim, M. M. (2021) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-020-02116-9 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Advance in the pharmacological effects of quercetin in modulating oxidative stress and inflammation related disorders
Zhou, Y., Qian, C., Tang, Y., Song, M., Zhang, T., Dong, G., Zheng, W., Yang, C., Zhong, C., Wang, A., et al. (2023) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.7966 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Myricetin slows liquid–liquid phase separation of Tau and activates ATG5-dependent autophagy to suppress Tau toxicity
Dai, B., Zhong, T., Chen, Z.-X., Chen, W., Zhang, N., Liu, X., Wang, L., Chen, J., & Liang, Y. (2021) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101222 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Oxygen metabolism abnormality and Alzheimer's disease: An update
Liu, G., Yang, C., Wang, X., Chen, X., Wang, Y., & Le, W. (2023) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2023.102955 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Oxidative stress–mediated neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease
Firdous, S. M., Khan, S. A., & Maity, A. (2024) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00210-024-03188-3 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Interplay of oxidative stress and antioxidant mechanisms in cancer development and progression
Jomová, K., Alomar, S. Y., Valko, R., Fresser, L., Nepovimová, E., Kuča, K., & Valko, M. (2025) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-025-04146-5 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citation
The potential role of ischaemia–reperfusion injury in chronic, relapsing diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Long COVID, and ME/CFS: evidence, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications
Kell, D. B., & Pretorius, E. (2022) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bcj20220154 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Quercetin-Conjugated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Protect AlCl3-Induced Neurotoxicity in a Rat Model of Alzheimer’s Disease via Antioxidant Genes, APP Gene, and miRNA-101
Jajin, E. A., Esmaeili, A., Rahgozar, S., & Noorbakhshnia, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.598617 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Real-Time Detection and Visualization of Amyloid-β Aggregates Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide in Cell and Mouse Models of Alzheimer’s Disease
Wang, X., Iyaswamy, A., Xu, D., Krishnamoorthi, S., Sreenivasmurthy, S. G., Yang, Y., Li, Y., Chen, C., Li, M., Li, H., et al. (2022) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.2c07859 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Inhibition of Aβ aggregates in Alzheimer’s disease by epigallocatechin and epicatechin-3-gallate from green tea
Chen, T., Yang, Y., Zhu, S., Lu, Y., Zhu, L., Wang, Y., & Wang, X. (2020) · Bioorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104382 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Copper Metabolism and Cuproptosis: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Ban, X.-X., Wan, H., Wan, X.-X., Tan, Y.-T., Hu, X., Ban, H.-X., Chen, X., Huang, K. L., Zhāng, Q., & Xiong, K. (2024) · Current Medical Science · doi:10.1007/s11596-024-2832-z · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Identification and characterization of anthocyanins and non-anthocyanin phenolics from Australian native fruits and their antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-Alzheimer potential
Ali, A., Cottrell, J. J., & Dunshea, F. R. (2022) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111951 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
A Review of the Role of Curcumin in Metal Induced Toxicity
Smirnova, E., Moniruzzaman, M., Chin, S., Sureshbabu, A., Karthikeyan, A., Do, K., & Min, T. (2023) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox12020243 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Functional Foods: An Approach to Modulate Molecular Mechanisms of Alzheimer’s Disease
Atlante, A., Amadoro, G., Bobba, A., & Latina, V. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9112347 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Selective Pseudo-irreversible Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors Transferring Antioxidant Moieties to the Enzyme Show Pronounced Neuroprotective Efficacy In Vitro and In Vivo in an Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model
Scheiner, M., Hoffmann, M., He, F., Poeta, E., Chatonnet, A., Monti, B., Maurice, T., & Decker, M. W. (2021) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00534 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Tau Toxicity in Neurodegeneration
Liang, S., Wang, Z.-T., Tan, L., & Yu, J. (2022) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-022-02809-3 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
The effects of caloric restriction and its mimetics in Alzheimer's disease through autophagy pathways
Yang, Y., & Zhang, L. (2020) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/c9fo02611h · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Molecular Level Insight Into the Benefit of Myricetin and Dihydromyricetin Uptake in Patients With Alzheimer’s Diseases
Liu, M., Guo, H. W., Li, Z., Zhang, C., Zhang, X., Cui, Q., & Tian, J. (2020) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2020.601603 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Benefits and limitations of nanomedicine treatment of brain cancers and age-dependent neurodegenerative disorders
Неганова, М. Е., Aleksandrova, Y. R., Sukocheva, O. A., & Klochkov, S. G. (2022) · Seminars in Cancer Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.06.011 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Polyherbal and Multimodal Treatments: Kaempferol- and Quercetin-Rich Herbs Alleviate Symptoms of Alzheimer’s Disease
Alexander, C., Parsaee, A., & Vasefi, M. (2023) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology12111453 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Phytochemical Characterization, and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Agitated Cultures of Three Rue Species: Ruta chalepensis, Ruta corsica, and Ruta graveolens
Szewczyk, A., Marino, A., Molinari, J., Ekiert, H., & Miceli, N. (2022) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox11030592 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Nature's toolbox against tau aggregation: An updated review of current research
Khan, S., Hassan, M. I., Shahid, M., & Islam, A. (2023) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2023.101924 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Inhibitory activities of grape bioactive compounds against enzymes linked with human diseases
Dwibedi, V., Jain, S., Singhal, D., Mittal, A., Rath, S. K., & Saxena, S. (2022) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-022-11801-9 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Kaempferol as a potential neuroprotector in Alzheimer's disease
Nejabati, H. R., & Roshangar, L. (2022) · Journal of Food Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/jfbc.14375 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Potential of Tryptamine Derivatives as Multi-Target Directed Ligands for Alzheimer’s Disease: AChE, MAO-B, and COX-2 as Molecular Targets
Asghar, S., Mushtaq, N., Ahmed, A., Anwar, L., Munawar, R., & Akhtar, S. (2024) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules29020490 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 Signalling Are Involved in Quercetin-Mediated Neuroprotection against Copper-Induced Injury
Zubčić, K., Radovanović, V., Vlainić, J., Hof, P. R., Oršolić, N., Šimić, G., & Jembrek, M. J. (2020) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2020/9834742 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Enhancing the Therapeutic Effect in Alzheimer's Disease Drugs: The role of Polypharmacology and Cholinesterase inhibitors
Martins, M. M., Branco, P. S., & Ferreira, L. M. (2023) · ChemistrySelect · doi:10.1002/slct.202300461 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
MicroRNA biomarkers as next-generation diagnostic tools for neurodegenerative diseases: a comprehensive review
Azam, H. M. H., Rößling, R., Geithe, C., Khan, M. M., Dinter, F., Hanack, K., Prüß, H., Husse, B., Roggenbuck, D., Schierack, P., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2024.1386735 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
A comprehensive understanding about the pharmacological effect of diallyl disulfide other than its anti-carcinogenic activities
He, H., Ma, Y., Huang, H., Huang, C., Chen, Z., Chen, D., Gu, Y., Wang, X., & Chen, J. (2020) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173803 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Effects of Resveratrol Supplementation on the Cognitive Function of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Tosatti, J. A. G., Fontes, A. F. D. S., Caramelli, P., & Gomes, K. B. (2022) · Drugs & Aging · doi:10.1007/s40266-022-00923-4 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Dendrimers in Alzheimer’s Disease: Recent Approaches in Multi-Targeting Strategies
Arbez‐Gindre, C., Steele, B. R., & Micha‐Screttas, M. (2023) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15030898 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Positive effects of rutin on female reproduction
Sirotkin, A. V. (2024) · Reproduction in Domestic Animals · doi:10.1111/rda.14540 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Nrf2/Keap1 Signaling Axis in the Brain: Master Regulator of Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Disorders
Goel, F., Singh, P., Nand, S., & Yadav, D. K. (2025) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-025-05517-w · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Guanidine-based β amyloid precursor protein cleavage enzyme 1 (BACE-1) inhibitors for the Alzheimer's disease (AD): A review
Gehlot, P., Kumar, S., Vyas, V. K., Choudhary, B. S., Sharma, M., & Malik, R. (2022) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117047 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Nutraceuticals-based therapeutic approach: recent advances to combat pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease
Talebi, M., Kakouri, E., Talebi, M., Tarantilis, P. Α., Farkhondeh, T., İlgün, S., Pourbagher‐Shahri, A. M., & Samarghandian, S. (2021) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/14737175.2021.1923479 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Herbal remedies for Alzheimer’s disease: neuroprotective mechanisms and cognitive enhancement potential
Kirubakaran, D. (2025) · Digital Chinese Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.dcmed.2025.05.002 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Protective effects of Persea americana fruit and seed extracts against chemically induced liver cancer in rats by enhancing their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and apoptotic activities
Ahmed, O. M., Fahim, H. I., Mohamed, E. E., & Abdel‐Moneim, A. (2022) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-022-18902-y · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Screening the extraction process of phenolic compounds from pressed grape seed residue: Towards an integrated and sustainable management of viticultural waste
Gómez-Mejía, E., Vicente-Zurdo, D., Rosales‐Conrado, N., León‐González, M. E., & Madrid, Y. (2022) · LWT · doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113988 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Molecular hydrogen therapy for neurological diseases
Ramanathan, D., Huang, L., Wilson, T. A., & Boling, W. (2022) · Medical Gas Research · doi:10.4103/2045-9912.359677 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Quercetin-Derived Red Emission Carbon Dots: A Multifunctional Theranostic Nano-Agent against Alzheimer’s β-Amyloid Fibrillogenesis
Wei, Z., Dong, X., & Sun, Y. (2024) · Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces · doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113907 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
FOXO and related transcription factors binding elements in the regulation of neurodegenerative disorders
Oli, V., Gupta, R. V., & Kumar, P. (2021) · Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy · doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.102012 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Targeting Microglia in Alzheimer’s Disease: From Molecular Mechanisms to Potential Therapeutic Targets for Small Molecules
Althafar, Z. M. (2022) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules27134124 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Comprehensive physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses reveal the synergistic mechanism of Bacillus pumilus G5 combined with silicon alleviate oxidative stress in drought-stressed Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.
Ma, X., Xu, Z., Lang, D., Li, Z., Zhang, W., & Zhang, X. (2022) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.1033915 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Unveiling the therapeutic potential of natural products in Alzheimer’s disease: insights from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies
Aktary, N., Jeong, Y., Oh, S., Shin, Y., Sung, Y., Rahman, M., Santiago, L. R., Choi, J., Song, H. G., Nurkolis, F., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1601712 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Nutraceutical and therapeutic potential of Phycocyanobilin for treating Alzheimer’s disease
Piniella‐Matamoros, B., Marín‐Prida, J., & Pentón‐Rol, G. (2021) · Journal of Biosciences · doi:10.1007/s12038-021-00161-7 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Comparison of the chemical constituents and anti-Alzheimer’s disease effects of Uncaria rhynchophylla and Uncaria tomentosa
Xu, Q., Shaw, P. C., Hu, Z. J., Yang, W., Ip, S., Xian, Y., & Lin, Z. (2021) · Chinese Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13020-021-00514-2 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors as potential anti-Alzheimer’s agents: an updated patent review (2018-present)
Fernández‐Bolaños, J. G., & López, Ó. (2022) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents · doi:10.1080/13543776.2022.2083956 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The AMPK-SIRT1-FoxO1-NF-κB signaling pathway participates in hesperetin-mediated neuroprotective effects against traumatic brain injury via the NLRP3 inflammasome
Song, H., Ding, Z., Chen, J., Chen, T., Wang, T., & Huang, J. (2022) · Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology · doi:10.1080/08923973.2022.2096464 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
The role of redox active copper(II) on antioxidant properties of the flavonoid baicalein: DNA protection under Cu(II)-Fenton reaction and Cu(II)-ascorbate system conditions
Jomová, K., Cvik, M., Lauro, P., Valko, M., Čižmár, E., Alomar, S. Y., Alwasel, S. H., Olekšák, P., Chrienová, Ž., Nepovimová, E., et al. (2023) · Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112244 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
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Design, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of new cholinesterase inhibitors with metal-chelating and antioxidant properties as multitarget compounds for Alzheimer’s disease
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Authors: Simunkova, M., Alwasel, S. H., Alhazza, I. M., Jomova, K., Kollar, V., Rusko, M., & Valko, M.
Affiliations: King Saud University (SA)
Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava (SK)
ORCID: Alwasel, Saleh H.
Alhazza, Ibrahim M.
Rusko, Miroslav
Valko, Marian
Venue: Archives of Toxicology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2019-08-22
Volume: 93
Issue: 9
Pages: 2491-2513
ISSN: 0340-5761 (ISSN-L)
1432-0738
DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02538-y
OpenAlex: W2969291614
Cited by: 303
References: 164
Citations by year: 2026: 31 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 4
FWCI: 3.59
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (vor)
Locations: Archives of Toxicology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Agentúra Ministerstva Školstva, Vedy, Výskumu a Športu SR (APVV-15-0079, 1/0686/17)
DSF Program
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Medicinal Plants and Neuroprotection
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, oxidative stress, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, amyloid-beta aggregation, flavonoids, metal-induced oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, tau hyperphosphorylation, huperzine A, curcumin, ginseng, medicinal plants, antioxidant activity, redox-active metals
MeSH terms: Acetylcholinesterase, Alzheimer Disease, Antioxidants, Butyrylcholinesterase, Chelating Agents, Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Copper, Humans, Iron, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Oxidative Stress, Plant Preparations

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