Do polyphenols enter the brain and does it matter? Some theoretical and practical considerations
Open accessAbstract
Although several epidemiological and intervention studies suggest that polyphenols (PPs) and PP-rich foods may improve memory and cognition in animals and humans, PPs' mode of action is only poorly understood. To help distinguish between the different modes of action that have been proposed for PPs, it is obviously important to know how much PPs can accumulate in the brain, if any at all. However, reliable data on PP uptake into the brain of animals are limited as many studies failed to report important control procedures during data acquisition. In this paper, we summarize published data on the penetration of PPs into animal brain and review some hypotheses to explain the biological basis of potentially health-beneficial effects of PPs to the brain. Finally, we highlight promising new approaches, especially those of a hormetic dose-response and gut microbiota-brain interaction, which may allow a better understanding of PPs' mode of action in animals and humans.
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Some polyphenols such as resveratrol or quercetin can enter the brain to a limited extent.
“Some so-called antioxidant molecules (for example, polyphenols such as resveratrol or quercetin) are able to enter the brain to a limited extent85.”
From Oxidative stress, dysfunctional glucose metabolism and Alzheimer disease (2019) · cites this paper as [85]
In “Concentration of polyphenols in brain and the effect of mathematical correction” (page unavailable), the paper concludes that polyphenols enter the brain at measurable levels and reports low brain concentrations of quercetin in animal studies. It mentions resveratrol in connection with neurotransmitter re-uptake experiments, but does not establish that resveratrol enters the brain; that example is unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPolyphenols might protect partly by triggering a hormetic response.
“One mechanism by which polyphenols could exert protective properties is by generation of a hormetic response to their use85–88.”
From Oxidative stress, dysfunctional glucose metabolism and Alzheimer disease (2019) · cites this paper as [85]
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- Authors
- Schaffer, S., & Halliwell, B.
- Affiliations
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- Corresponding author
- Halliwell, Barry
- ORCID
- Halliwell, Barry
- Venue
- Genes & Nutrition
- Published
- 2011-10-20
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 99-109
- ISSN
- 1555-8932 (ISSN-L)
- 1865-3499
- PMC
- PMC3316747
- OpenAlex
- W2095447381
- Cited by
- 178
- References
- 120
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 6.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Genes & Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Keywords
- polyphenols, brain penetration, cognitive function, memory, mechanism of action, gut-brain axis, polyphenol-rich foods, animal studies
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