A meta-analysis of blended learning and technology use in higher education: from the general to the applied
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Recent research supports higher achievement in blended learning than in face-to-face learning, with moderating effects from variables such as computer support, interaction treatments, and STEM versus non-STEM disciplines.
“More recently, the focus has shifted to the comparison of blended and face-to-face learning, with results supporting higher achievement in blended learning (Bernard, Borokhovski, Schmid, Tamim, & Abrami, 2014; Vo, Zhu, & Diep, 2017) and a moderating effect of different variables, such as the kind of computer support used, interaction treatments or whether the courses belong to STEM or non-STEM”
From Emergency remote teaching and students’ academic performance in higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study (2021) · cites this paper as Bernard et al., 2014
Cites
Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557 · Cited by 63,139 · see citing works
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2009) · doi:10.1002/9780470743386 · Cited by 14,225 · see citing works
Duval, S., & Tweedie, R. (2000) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/j.0006-341x.2000.00455.x · Cited by 14,099 · see citing works
Zimmerman, B. J. (2000) · Handbook of Self-Regulation · doi:10.1016/b978-012109890-2/50031-7 · Cited by 6,069 · see citing works
Methods of Meta-Analysis: Correcting Error and Bias in Research Findings
Schmidt, F. L., & Hunter, J. E. (2015) · doi:10.4135/9781483398105 · Cited by 5,542 · see citing works
Primary, Secondary, and Meta-Analysis of Research
GLASS, G. V. (1976) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x005010003 · Cited by 4,890 · see citing works
The Handbook of Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis
(2019) · doi:10.7758/9781610448864 · Cited by 4,553 · see citing works
An Educational Psychology Success Story: Social Interdependence Theory and Cooperative Learning
Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2009) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x09339057 · Cited by 2,721 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…to future exploration and development in BL: (1) self-regulation design principles (e.g., Zimmerman 2000); (2) motivational design principles (e.g., Pintrich 2003); and (3) collaborative and cooperative learning design principles (e.g., Johnson and Johnson 2009), each discussed briefly below.”
BackgroundReconsidering Research on Learning from Media
Clark, R. E. (1983) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543053004445 · Cited by 2,715 · see citing works
Media will never influence learning
Clark, R. E. (1994) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/bf02299088 · Cited by 1,893 · see citing works
Bernard, R. M., Abrami, P. C., Lou, Y., Borokhovski, E., Wade, A., Wozney, L., Wallet, P. A., Fiset, M., & Huang, B. (2004) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543074003379 · Cited by 1,761 · see citing works
Self-citationResearch Synthesis and Meta-Analysis: A Step-by-Step Approach
Cooper, H. (2017) · doi:10.4135/9781071878644 · Cited by 1,716 · see citing works
The effectiveness of online and blended learning: A meta-analysis of the empirical literature
Means, B., Toyama, Y., Murphy, R., & Baki, M. (2013) · Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education · doi:10.1177/016146811311500307 · Cited by 1,638 · see citing works
Tamim, R. M., Bernard, R. M., Borokhovski, E., Abrami, P. C., & Schmid, R. F. (2011) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/0034654310393361 · Cited by 1,029 · see citing works
Self-citationPigott, T. D. (2012) · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-2278-5 · Cited by 453 · see citing works
A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Feedback in Computer-Based Instruction
Azevedo, R., & Bernard, R. M. (1995) · Journal of Educational Computing Research · doi:10.2190/9lmd-3u28-3a0g-ftqt · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Self-citationLou, Y., Bernard, R. M., & Abrami, P. C. (2006) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/s11423-006-8252-x · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Blended learning: the new normal and emerging technologies
Dziuban, C., Graham, C. R., Moskal, P. D., Norberg, A., & Sicilia, N. (2018) · International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education · doi:10.1186/s41239-017-0087-5 · Cited by 1,252 · see citing works
Mental Health Smartphone Apps: Review and Evidence-Based Recommendations for Future Developments
Bakker, D., Kazantzis, N., Rickwood, D., & Rickard, N. (2016) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/mental.4984 · Cited by 886 · see citing works
Baber, H. (2020) · Journal of Education and e-Learning Research · doi:10.20448/journal.509.2020.73.285.292 · Cited by 716 · see citing works
Iglesias-Pradas, S., Hernández-García, Á., Chaparro-Peláez, J., & Prieto, J. L. (2021) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2021.106713 · Cited by 693 · see citing works
Comparing online and blended learner's self-regulated learning strategies and academic performance
Broadbent, J. (2017) · The Internet and Higher Education · doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2017.01.004 · Cited by 679 · see citing works
Cheng, L., Ritzhaupt, A. D., & Antonenko, P. (2019) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/s11423-018-9633-7 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
How is the use of technology in education evaluated? A systematic review
Lai, J. W. M., & Bower, M. (2019) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2019.01.010 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Ahshan, R. (2021) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci11090483 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Cao, W. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1212056 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
“Educational institutions must recognize this and provide training programs to improve students’ online technology skills (Bernard et al., 2014).”
BackgroundSelf-regulation strategies in blended learning environments in higher education: a systematic review
Eggers, J. H., Oostdam, R., & Voogt, J. (2021) · Australasian Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.14742/ajet.6453 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Role of AI in Blended Learning: A Systematic Literature Review
Park, Y., & Doo, M. Y. (2024) · The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning · doi:10.19173/irrodl.v25i1.7566 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-efficacy, performance and the role of blended learning
Warren, L., Reilly, D., Herdan, A., & Lin, Y. (2020) · Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education · doi:10.1108/jarhe-08-2019-0210 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Spencer, D., & Temple, T. (2021) · Online Learning · doi:10.24059/olj.v25i2.2227 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Blended learning and traditional learning: a comparative study of college mechanics courses
Bazelais, P., & Doleck, T. (2018) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-018-9748-9 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Investigation of the Effectiveness of Hybrid Learning on Academic Achievement: A Meta-Analysis Study
Üniversitesi, F., Kazu, İ. Y., Ministry of Education, & Kurtoğlu Yalçın, C. (2022) · International Journal of Progressive Education · doi:10.29329/ijpe.2022.426.14 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Online Course Enrollment in Community College and Degree Completion: The Tipping Point
Shea, P., & Bidjerano, T. (2018) · The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning · doi:10.19173/irrodl.v19i2.3460 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Wang, Q., & Mousavi, A. (2023) · British Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.1111/bjet.13282 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Do we always need a difference? Testing equivalence in a blended learning setting
Mueller, C., Mildenberger, T., & Lübcke, M. (2020) · International Journal of Research & Method in Education · doi:10.1080/1743727x.2019.1680621 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bernard, R. M., Borokhovski, E., Schmid, R. F., Tamim, R. M., & Abrami, P. C.
- Affiliations
- Concordia University (CA)
- Zayed University (AE)
- Corresponding author
- Bernard, Robert M.
- Venue
- Journal of Computing in Higher Education
- Published
- 2014-02-09
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 87-122
- ISSN
- 1042-1726 (ISSN-L)
- 1867-1233
- OpenAlex
- W1977055232
- Cited by
- 870
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 72 · 2025: 79 · 2024: 96 · 2023: 107 · 2022: 126 · 2021: 101 · 2020: 86 · 2019: 59 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 9
- FWCI
- 21.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Computing in Higher Education (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Online and Blended Learning
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › English Language Learning and Teaching
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Educational Technology and E-Learning
- Keywords
- blended learning, technology integration, higher education, distance education, online learning, classroom teaching, academic performance, IT support, cognitive support, meta-analysis methodology, educational technology effectiveness, student-student interaction, student-teacher interaction, learner-content interaction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review