Downregulation of E3 ubiquitin ligases and mitophagy-related genes in skeletal muscle of physically inactive, frail older women: A cross-sectional comparison
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Reduced lean mass and physical function is a characteristic of frailty. However, it is currently unknown if proteolysis through the E3 ubiquitin ligases and the autophagic lysosomal pathway is dysregulated in inactive frail older women. The purpose of this study was to determine the expression of key markers of ubiquitin-mediated and autophagic lysosomal proteolysis in inactive (N = 7) compared with active (N = 7) older women. METHODS: Strength, mobility, leg lean mass, and physical activity assessment were used to characterize activity levels and frailty in older women. Vastus lateralis biopsies were collected after an overnight fast and were assessed for gene and protein targets related to E3 ubiquitin ligases and the autophagic lysosomal system. RESULTS: We found that AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (Thr172) was increased (p = .045), and forkhead box O3A (FOXO3A) gene expression (p = .047) was lower in inactive frail older women. Foxo3a (Ser253), Beclin1 (Ser93/96), and class III phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (VPS34) protein expression were not different between the groups (p > .05). Neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated protein 4, muscle ring finger 1, muscle atrophy F-box, and the autophagy/mitophagy gene expression markers, Beclin1, autophagy-related-7, BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), dynamin-related protein 1, and Parkinson protein 2 (PARKIN) were lower in inactive frail older women (p < .05). Autophagy/mitophagy markers were positively correlated with the 6-minute walk and leg lean mass (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that physical inactivity in frail older women is associated with a downregulation of ubiquitin-mediated and autophagic lysosomal skeletal muscle gene expression, perhaps related to low muscle mass and poor physical function.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A majority of evidence shows that better muscle and mitochondrial health occur concomitantly with elevated markers of mitochondrial fission, mitophagy receptors, and oxidative phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle of older adults who are active or who completed an exercise training program.
“A majority of evidence shows that better muscle and mitochondrial health occur concomitantly with elevated markers of mitochondrial fission, mitophagy receptors, and oxidative phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle of older adults who are active (Balan et al., 2019; Drummond et al., 2014; Tezze et al., 2017) or who completed an exercise training program (Konopka et al., 2014).”
From Autophagy gene expression in skeletal muscle of older individuals is associated with physical performance, muscle volume and mitochondrial function in the study of muscle, mobility and aging ( <scp>SOMMA</scp> ) (2024) · cites this paper as Drummond et al., 2014
Autophagy-related genes are downregulated in inactive older women.
“In addition, it has been reported that autophagy‐related genes, such as BNIP3, BECLIN‐1, ATG7 and PARK2 (the gene coding for Parkin), are downregulated in inactive older women (Drummond et al. 2014).”
From Parkin overexpression protects from ageing‐related loss of muscle mass and strength (2019) · cites this paper as Drummond et al. 2014
Mitophagy-related proteins are decreased in the skeletal muscle of old rodents, although conflicting data exist.
“Although conflicting data exist [54,145,146,147], several studies reported that mitophagy-related proteins are decreased in the skeletal muscle of old rodents [46,120,148,149,150,151,152].”
From Mitochondrial Dynamics and Mitophagy in Skeletal Muscle Health and Aging (2021) · cites this paper as [150]
Inactive old women have significantly lower expression levels of Bnip3, Beclin 1, Atg7, and Park2 compared to a more active cohort.
“In line with this finding, it has been reported that inactive old women have significantly lower expression levels of Bnip3, Beclin 1, Atg7, and Park2 (the gene coding for Parkin), compared to a more active cohort [150].”
From Mitochondrial Dynamics and Mitophagy in Skeletal Muscle Health and Aging (2021) · cites this paper as [150]
Cites
1 retracted
Lokireddy, S., Wijesoma, I. W., Teng, S., Bonala, S., Gluckman, P. D., McFarlane, C., Sharma, M., & Kambadur, R. (2012) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2012.10.005 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
RetractedAnalysis of Relative Gene Expression Data Using Real-Time Quantitative PCR and the 2−ΔΔCT Method
Livak, K. J., & Schmittgen, T. D. (2001) · Methods · doi:10.1006/meth.2001.1262 · Cited by 180,860 · see citing works
Bodine, S. C., Stitt, T. N., Gonzalez, M., Kline, W. O., Stover, G. L., Bauerlein, R., Zlotchenko, E., Scrimgeour, A., Lawrence, J. C., Glass, D. J., et al. (2001) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb1101-1014 · Cited by 2,752 · see citing works
Zhao, J., Brault, J. J., Schild, A., Cao, P., Sandri, M., Schiaffino, S., Lecker, S. H., & Goldberg, A. L. (2007) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2007.11.004 · Cited by 1,489 · see citing works
The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE)
Washburn, R. A., McAuley, E., Katula, J. A., Mihalko, S. L., & Boileau, R. A. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00049-9 · Cited by 999 · see citing works
Sarcopenia as a risk factor for falls in elderly individuals: results from the ilSIRENTE study
Landi, F., Liperoti, R., Russo, A., Giovannini, S., Tosato, M., Capoluongo, E., Bernabei, R., & Onder, G. (2012) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2012.02.007 · Cited by 938 · see citing works
Bolster, D. R., Crozier, S. J., Kimball, S. R., & Jefferson, L. S. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.c200171200 · Cited by 851 · see citing works
Greer, E. L., Oskoui, P. R., Banko, M. R., Maniar, J. M., Gygi, M. P., Gygi, S. P., & Brunet, A. (2007) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m705325200 · Cited by 820 · see citing works
Differential Regulation of Distinct Vps34 Complexes by AMPK in Nutrient Stress and Autophagy
Kim, J., Kim, Y. C., Fang, C., Russell, R. C., Kim, J. H., Fan, W., Liu, R., Zhong, Q., & Guan, K. (2013) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.12.016 · Cited by 806 · see citing works
Autophagy and aging: The importance of maintaining "clean" cells
Cuervo, A. M., Bergamini, E., Brunk, U. T., Dröge, W., Ffrench, M., & Terman, A. (2005) · Autophagy · doi:10.4161/auto.1.3.2017 · Cited by 792 · see citing works
Enright, P., McBurnie, M. A., Bittner, V., Tracy, R. P., McNamara, R. L., Arnold, A. M., & Newman, A. B. (2003) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.123.2.387 · Cited by 787 · see citing works
Protein breakdown in muscle wasting: Role of autophagy-lysosome and ubiquitin-proteasome
Sandri, M. (2013) · The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2013.04.023 · Cited by 689 · see citing works
Age-related decline in chaperone-mediated autophagy
Cuervo, A. M., & Dice, J. F. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m002102200 · Cited by 665 · see citing works
Rockwood, K., Mitnitski, A., Song, X., Steen, B., & Skoog, I. (2006) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2006.00738.x · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Protecting muscle mass and function in older adults during bed rest
English, K. L., & Paddon-Jones, D. (2010) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0b013e328333aa66 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
Sandri, M. (2010) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2010.01.056 · Cited by 451 · see citing works
Jones, S. W., Hill, R. J. W., Krasney, P. A., O'Conner, B., Peirce, N. S., & Greenhaff, P. L. (2004) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.03-1228fje · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Wohlgemuth, S. E., Seo, A. Y., Marzetti, E., Lees, H. A., & Leeuwenburgh, C. (2010) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2009.11.002 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Joseph, A., Adhihetty, P. J., Buford, T. W., Wohlgemuth, S. E., Lees, H. A., Nguyen, L. M. ‐., Aranda, J. M., Sandesara, B. D., Pahor, M., Manini, T. M., et al. (2012) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/j.1474-9726.2012.00844.x · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Ubiquitin Ligase Nedd4L Targets Activated Smad2/3 to Limit TGF-β Signaling
Gao, S., Alarcón, C. R., Sapkota, G. P., Rahman, S., Chen, P., Goerner, N., Macías, M. J., Erdjument‐Bromage, H., Tempst, P., & Massagué, J. (2009) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2009.09.043 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Physical and Performance Measures for the Identification of Mild to Moderate Frailty
Brown, M., Sinacore, D. R., Binder, E. F., & Kohrt, W. M. (2000) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/55.6.m350 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
The muscle-specific ubiquitin ligase atrogin-1/MAFbx mediates statin-induced muscle toxicity
Hanai, J., Cao, P., Tanksale, P., Imamura, S., Koshimizu, E., Zhao, J., Kishi, S., Yamashita, M., Phillips, P. S., Sukhatme, V. P., et al. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci32741 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Mitochondrial biogenesis in exercise and in ageing☆
Viña, J., Gómez‐Cabrera, M. C., Borrás, C., Froio, T., Sanchis‐Gomar, F., Martinez-Bello, V. E., & Pallardó, F. V. (2009) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2009.06.006 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
HIONA, A. (2008) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2007.10.001 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Drummond, M., Glynn, E., Fry, C., Timmerman, K., Volpi, E., & Rasmussen, B. (2010) · American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00690.2009 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Self-citationStress-induced Skeletal Muscle Gadd45a Expression Reprograms Myonuclei and Causes Muscle Atrophy
Ebert, S. M., Dyle, M. C., Kunkel, S. D., Bullard, S. A., Bongers, K. S., Fox, D. K., Dierdorff, J. M., Foster, E. D., & Adams, C. M. (2012) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m112.374777 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Brocca, L., Cannavino, J., Coletto, L., Biolo, G., Sandri, M., Bottinelli, R., & Pellegrino, M. A. (2012) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2012.240267 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Mitochondrial death effectors: Relevance to sarcopenia and disuse muscle atrophy
Marzetti, E., Hwang, J. C. Y., Lees, H. A., Wohlgemuth, S. E., Dupont-Versteegden, E. E., Carter, C. S., Bernabei, R., & Leeuwenburgh, C. (2010) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects · doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.05.007 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Raue, U., Slivka, D. R., Jemioło, B., Hollon, C. J., & Trappe, S. W. (2007) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/62.12.1407 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Fry, C. S., Drummond, M. J., Glynn, E. L., Dickinson, J. M., Gundermann, D. M., Timmerman, K. L., Walker, D. K., Volpi, E., & Rasmussen, B. B. (2013) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/gls209 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Self-citationAging Affects the Transcriptional Regulation of Human Skeletal Muscle Disuse Atrophy
Suetta, C., Frandsen, U., Jensen, L., Jensen, M. M., Jespersen, J. G., Hvid, L. G., Bayer, M. L., Petersson, S. J., Schrøder, H. D., Andersen, J. L., et al. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051238 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Autophagic response to exercise training in skeletal muscle with age
Kim, Y. A., Kim, Y. S., Oh, S. L., Kim, H.-J., & Song, W. (2013) · Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s13105-013-0246-7 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Novel events in the molecular regulation of muscle mass in critically ill patients
Constantin, D., McCullough, J., Mahajan, R. P., & Greenhaff, P. L. (2011) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2011.206193 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Short-term bed rest increases TLR4 and IL-6 expression in skeletal muscle of older adults
Drummond, M. J., Timmerman, K. L., Markofski, M. M., Walker, D. K., Dickinson, J. M., Jamaluddin, M., Brasier, A. R., Rasmussen, B. B., & Volpi, E. (2013) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00072.2013 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationMarzetti, E., Lees, H. A., Manini, T. M., Buford, T. W., Aranda, J. M., Calvani, R., Capuani, G., Marsiske, M., Lott, D. J., Vandenborne, K., et al. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032829 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Koncarevic, A., Jackman, R. W., & Kandarian, S. C. (2007) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.06-6665com · Cited by 90 · see citing works
The Ubiquitin Ligase Nedd4-1 Participates in Denervation-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Mice
Nagpal, P., Plant, P. J., Correa, J., Bain, A., Takeda, M., Kawabe, H., Rotin, D., Bain, J. R., & Batt, J. A. E. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0046427 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Giebelstein, J., Poschmann, G., Højlund, K., Schechinger, W., Dietrich, J. W., Levin, K., Beck‐Nielsen, H., Podwojski, K., Stühler, K., Meyer, H. E., et al. (2012) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-012-2456-x · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Fat Quantification Using Three-point Dixon Technique
Kovanlıkaya, A., Guclu, C. C., Desai, C., Becerra, R., & Gilsanz, V. (2005) · Academic Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.acra.2005.01.019 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sarcopenia: Aging-Related Loss of Muscle Mass and Function
Larsson, L., Degens, H., Li, M., Salviati, L., Lee, Y. I., Thompson, W., Kirkland, J. L., & Sandri, M. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00061.2017 · Cited by 1,797 · see citing works
Ryu, D., Mouchiroud, L., Andreux, P. A., Katsyuba, E., Moullan, N., Nicolet-dit-Félix, A. A., Williams, E. G., Jha, P., Lo Sasso, G., Huzard, D., et al. (2016) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.4132 · Cited by 1,105 · see citing works
Autophagy as a promoter of longevity: insights from model organisms
Hansen, M., Rubinsztein, D. C., & Walker, D. W. (2018) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41580-018-0033-y · Cited by 754 · see citing works
Mitophagy in human health, ageing and disease
Picca, A., Faitg, J., Auwerx, J., Ferrucci, L., & D’Amico, D. (2023) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-023-00930-8 · Cited by 635 · see citing works
Exercise Promotes Healthy Aging of Skeletal Muscle
Cartee, G. D., Hepple, R. T., Bamman, M. M., & Zierath, J. R. (2016) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.05.007 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Rana, A., Oliveira, M. P., Khamoui, A. V., Aparicio, R., Rera, M., Rossiter, H. B., & Walker, D. W. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00525-4 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Ribas, V., Drew, B. G., Zhou, Z., Phun, J., Kalajian, N. Y., Soleymani, T., Daraei, P., Widjaja, K., Wanagat, J., de Aguiar Vallim, T. Q., et al. (2016) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aad3815 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Mitochondrial Dynamics and Mitophagy in Skeletal Muscle Health and Aging
Leduc-Gaudet, J.-P., Hussain, S. N. A., Barreiro, E., & Gouspillou, G. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22158179 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
“In line with this finding, it has been reported that inactive old women have significantly lower expression levels of Bnip3, Beclin 1, Atg7, and Park2 (the gene coding for Parkin), compared to a more active cohort [150].”
ResultStokes, T., Hector, A., Morton, R., McGlory, C., & Phillips, S. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10020180 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Tanner, R. E., Brunker, L. B., Agergaard, J., Barrows, K. M., Briggs, R. A., Kwon, O. S., Young, L. M., Hopkins, P. N., Volpi, E., Marcus, R. L., et al. (2015) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp270699 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Self-citationMitochondria, Muscle Health, and Exercise with Advancing Age
Carter, H. N., Chen, C. C. W., & Hood, D. A. (2015) · Physiology · doi:10.1152/physiol.00039.2014 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Chen, M., Wang, Y., Deng, S., Lian, Z., & Yu, K. (2022) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.964130 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Skeletal muscle autophagy and its role in sarcopenia and organismal aging
Jiao, J., & Demontis, F. (2017) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.coph.2017.03.009 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Parkin overexpression protects from ageing‐related loss of muscle mass and strength
Leduc‐Gaudet, J., Reynaud, O., Hussain, S. N., & Gouspillou, G. (2019) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp277157 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Protective role of Parkin in skeletal muscle contractile and mitochondrial function
Gouspillou, G., Godin, R., Piquereau, J., Picard, M., Mofarrahi, M., Mathew, J., Purves‐Smith, F. M., Sgarioto, N., Hepple, R. T., Burelle, Y., et al. (2018) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp275604 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
The Interplay between Mitochondrial Morphology and Myomitokines in Aging Sarcopenia
Romanello, V. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22010091 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Marzetti, E., Calvani, R., Lorenzi, M., Tanganelli, F., Picca, A., Bossola, M., Menghi, A., Bernabei, R., & Landi, F. (2016) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2016.04.003 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Regulation of muscle and mitochondrial health by the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 in aged mice
Dulac, M., Leduc‐Gaudet, J., Cefis, M., Ayoub, M., Reynaud, O., Shams, A., Moamer, A., Nery Ferreira, M. F., Hussain, S. N., & Gouspillou, G. (2021) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp281752 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Adaptations of Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria to Obesity, Exercise, and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
Chen, P. B., Yang, J. S., & Park, Y. (2018) · Lipids · doi:10.1002/lipd.12037 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Dietary Protein and Muscle in Aging People: The Potential Role of the Gut Microbiome
Ni Lochlainn, M., Bowyer, R. C. E., & Steves, C. J. (2018) · doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0152.v1 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Picca, A., Calvani, R., Lorenzi, M., Menghi, A., Galli, M., Vitiello, R., Randisi, F., Bernabei, R., Landi, F., & Marzetti, E. (2017) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2017.06.005 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Estébanez, B., Moreira, O. C., Almar, M., de Paz, J. A., Gonzalez‐Gallego, J., & Cuevas, M. J. (2019) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2018.1561950 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
McKenzie, A. I., Briggs, R. A., Barrows, K. M., Nelson, D. S., Kwon, O. S., Hopkins, P. N., Higgins, T. F., Marcus, R. L., & Drummond, M. J. (2017) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00714.2016 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationPicca, A., Triolo, M., Wohlgemuth, S. E., Martenson, M. S., Mankowski, R. T., Anton, S. D., Marzetti, E., Leeuwenburgh, C., & Hood, D. A. (2023) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells12010183 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Coen, P. M., Huo, Z., Tranah, G. J., Barnes, H. N., Zhang, X., Wolff, C. A., Wu, K., Cawthon, P. M., Hepple, R. T., Toledo, F. G. S., et al. (2024) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.14118 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“…itantly with elevated markers of mitochondrial fission, mitophagy receptors, and oxidative phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle of older adults who are active (Balan et al., 2019; Drummond et al., 2014 ; Tezze et al., 2017 ) or who completed an exercise training program (Konopka et al., 2014 ).”
Background
- Authors
- Drummond, M. J., Addison, O., Brunker, L., Hopkins, P. N., McClain, D. A., LaStayo, P. C., & Marcus, R. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Utah (US)
- Venue
- The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2014-02-13
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1040-1048
- ISSN
- 1079-5006 (ISSN-L)
- 1758-535X
- PMC
- PMC4111292
- OpenAlex
- W2170660730
- Cited by
- 161
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 4.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Journals of Gerontology Series A (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5ul1tr001067-05)
- U.S. Public Health Service (1ULTR001067)
- National Institute on Aging (K01AG038556)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1-TR001067)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Keywords
- frailty, physical inactivity, older women, E3 ubiquitin ligase, mitophagy, autophagy, skeletal muscle, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, AMPK, FOXO3, Beclin-1, Vps34, muscle atrophy, leg lean mass, physical function, vastus lateralis
- MeSH terms
- Tripartite Motif Proteins, Beclin-1, Forkhead Box Protein O3, Nedd4 Ubiquitin Protein Ligases, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Membrane Proteins, Microtubule-Associated Proteins, Muscle Proteins, Muscular Atrophy, Phosphorylation, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Down-Regulation, Gene Expression, Genes, Tumor Suppressor, Frail Elderly, Muscle, Skeletal, GTP Phosphohydrolases, Mitochondrial Proteins, Dynamins, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases, Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins, Forkhead Transcription Factors, AMP-Activated Protein Kinases, Sarcopenia, Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport, Proteolysis, Mitophagy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
