Autophagy as a Potential Target for Sarcopenia: AUTOPHAGY REGULATION IN SARCOPENIA

AMPK and mTOR regulate autophagy through direct phosphorylation of Ulk1

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Autophagy fights disease through cellular self-digestion

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p62/SQSTM1 Binds Directly to Atg8/LC3 to Facilitate Degradation of Ubiquitinated Protein Aggregates by Autophagy

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Regulation of skeletal muscle mass in mice by a new TGF-p superfamily member

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TSC2 Mediates Cellular Energy Response to Control Cell Growth and Survival

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AMPK Phosphorylation of Raptor Mediates a Metabolic Checkpoint

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Mitochondrial Fission, Fusion, and Stress

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Autophagy and the Integrated Stress Response

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Fission and selective fusion govern mitochondrial segregation and elimination by autophagy

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Phosphorylation of ULK1 (hATG1) by AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Connects Energy Sensing to Mitophagy

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Impairment of starvation-induced and constitutive autophagy in <i>Atg7</i> -deficient mice

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Mitochondrial fusion and fission in cell life and death

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FoxO3 Controls Autophagy in Skeletal Muscle In Vivo

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A lysosome‐to‐nucleus signalling mechanism senses and regulates the lysosome via mTOR and TFEB

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Selective autophagy mediated by autophagic adapter proteins

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OPA1 Controls Apoptotic Cristae Remodeling Independently from Mitochondrial Fusion

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Mediation of IGF-1-induced skeletal myotube hypertrophy by PI(3)K/Akt/mTOR and PI(3)K/Akt/GSK3 pathways

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Autophagy in mammalian development and differentiation

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Autophagic cell death: the story of a misnomer

Kroemer, G., & Levine, B. (2008) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm2529 · Cited by 1,453 · see citing works

Autophagy, mitochondria and oxidative stress: cross-talk and redox signalling.

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Reactive Oxygen Species (Ros-Induced) Ros Release

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Functions and dysfunctions of mitochondrial dynamics

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JNK1-Mediated Phosphorylation of Bcl-2 Regulates Starvation-Induced Autophagy

Wei, Y., Pattingre, S., Sinha, S., Bassik, M., & Levine, B. (2008) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2008.06.001 · Cited by 1,329 · see citing works

Cellular and molecular mechanisms of muscle atrophy

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Autophagy is required to maintain muscle mass.

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Mitochondrial fusion is required for mtDNA stability in skeletal muscle and tolerance of mtDNA mutations

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Exercise-induced BCL2-regulated autophagy is required for muscle glucose homeostasis

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Mitophagy: mechanisms, pathophysiological roles, and analysis

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An overview of sarcopenia: facts and numbers on prevalence and clinical impact

von Haehling, S., Morley, J. E., & Anker, S. D. (2010) · Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1007/s13539-010-0014-2 · Cited by 888 · see citing works

Regulation of skeletal muscle growth by the IGF1-Akt/PKB pathway: insights from genetic models

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Ubiquitination and selective autophagy

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Autophagy and aging: The importance of maintaining "clean" cells

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Calorie Restriction Increases Muscle Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Healthy Humans

Civitarese, A. E., Carling, S., Heilbronn, L. K., Hulver, M. H., Ukropcova, B., Deutsch, W. A., Smith, S. R., & Ravussin, E. (2007) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040076 · Cited by 790 · see citing works

Sarcopenia: origins and clinical relevance

Rosenberg, I. H. (2011) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2011.03.003 · Cited by 786 · see citing works

The mitochondrial‐lysosomal axis theory of aging

Brunk, U. T., & Terman, A. (2002) · European Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.02869.x · Cited by 729 · see citing works

The E3 Ligase MuRF1 Degrades Myosin Heavy Chain Protein in Dexamethasone-Treated Skeletal Muscle

Clarke, B. A., Drujan, D., Willis, M. S., Murphy, L. O., Corpina, R. A., Burova, E., Rakhilin, S. V., Stitt, T. N., Patterson, C., Latres, E., et al. (2007) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2007.09.009 · Cited by 683 · see citing works

Oxidative Stress, Molecular Inflammation and Sarcopenia

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Mitochondrial dysfunction and sarcopenia of aging: from signaling pathways to clinical trials

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Prevalence, incidence, and clinical impact of sarcopenia: facts, numbers, and epidemiology—update 2014

Morley, J. E., Anker, S. D., & von Haehling, S. (2014) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1007/s13539-014-0161-y · Cited by 611 · see citing works

Redox regulation of mitochondrial function

Handy, D. E., & Loscalzo, J. (2012) · Antioxidants &amp; Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2011.4123 · Cited by 588 · see citing works

Aging-associated reductions in AMP-activated protein kinase activity and mitochondrial biogenesis

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Autophagy is defective in collagen VI muscular dystrophies, and its reactivation rescues myofiber degeneration

Grumati, P., Coletto, L., Sabatelli, P., Cescon, M., Angelin, A., Bertaggia, E., Blaauw, B., Urciuolo, A., Tiepolo, T., Merlini, L., et al. (2010) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2247 · Cited by 540 · see citing works

The Molecular Mechanism of Autophagy

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New insights into the role of mitochondria in aging: mitochondrial dynamics and more

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Mitochondria—A Nexus for Aging, Calorie Restriction, and Sirtuins?

Guarente, L. (2008) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.01.007 · Cited by 513 · see citing works

Mitochondrial turnover and aging of long-lived postmitotic cells: the mitochondrial-lysosomal axis theory of aging

Terman, A., Kurz, T., Navratil, M., Arriaga, E. A., & Brunk, U. T. (2010) · Antioxidants &amp; Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2009.2598 · Cited by 490 · see citing works

The Association of AMPK with ULK1 Regulates Autophagy

Lee, J. W., Park, S., Takahashi, Y., & Wang, H.-G. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0015394 · Cited by 482 · see citing works

Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Show a Greater Decline in Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength, and Functional Capacity With Aging

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SirT1 Regulates Energy Metabolism and Response to Caloric Restriction in Mice

Boily, G., Seifert, E. L., Bevilacqua, L., He, X. H., Sabourin, G., Estey, C., Moffat, C., Crawford, S., Saliba, S., Jardine, K., et al. (2008) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001759 · Cited by 444 · see citing works

Mitochondrial DNA–Deletion Mutations Accumulate Intracellularly to Detrimental Levels in Aged Human Skeletal Muscle Fibers

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Conditional Activation of Akt in Adult Skeletal Muscle Induces Rapid Hypertrophy

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The contribution of reactive oxygen species to sarcopenia and muscle ageing

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Autophagy is required for exercise training‐induced skeletal muscle adaptation and improvement of physical performance

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How is mRNA expression predictive for protein expression? A correlation study on human circulating monocytes

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Autophagy Impairment in Muscle Induces Neuromuscular Junction Degeneration and Precocious Aging

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Lipofuscin: Formation, Distribution, and Metabolic Consequences

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Mitofusins 1/2 and ERRα expression are increased in human skeletal muscle after physical exercise

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Skeletal muscle autophagy and apoptosis during aging: Effects of calorie restriction and life-long exercise

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Nuclear Control of Respiratory Chain Expression by Nuclear Respiratory Factors and PGC‐1‐Related Coactivator

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Editorial (Thematic Issue: Mitochondrial Biogenesis: Pharmacological Approaches)

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Dissociation of Bcl-2–Beclin1 Complex by Activated AMPK Enhances Cardiac Autophagy and Protects Against Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis in Diabetes

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Oxidative Stress, Accumulation of Biological 'Garbage', and Aging

Terman, A., & Brunk, U. T. (2006) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2006.8.197 · Cited by 363 · see citing works

Role and regulation of autophagy in cancer

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The role of myostatin in muscle wasting: an overview

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Resistance Exercise Reverses Aging in Human Skeletal Muscle

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Signalling pathways regulating muscle mass in ageing skeletal muscle. The role of the IGF1-Akt-mTOR-FoxO pathway

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AMPK promotes skeletal muscle autophagy through activation of forkhead FoxO3a and interaction with Ulk1

Sanchez, A. M. J., Csibi, A., Raibon, A., Cornille, K., Gay, S., Bernardi, H., & Candau, R. B. (2011) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.23399 · Cited by 329 · see citing works

Mitochondrial pathways in sarcopenia of aging and disuse muscle atrophy

Calvani, R., Joseph, A.-M., Adhihetty, P. J., Miccheli, A., Bossola, M., Leeuwenburgh, C., Bernabei, R., & Marzetti, E. (2013) · bchm · doi:10.1515/hsz-2012-0247 · Cited by 328 · see citing works

Targeted expression of catalase to mitochondria prevents age-associated reductions in mitochondrial function and insulin resistance

Lee, H.-Y., Choi, C. S., Birkenfeld, A. L., Alves, T. C., Jornayvaz, F. R., Jurczak, M. J., Zhang, D., Woo, D. K., Shadel, G. S., Ladiges, W., et al. (2010) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2010.11.004 · Cited by 319 · see citing works

Autophagy as a therapeutic target in cancer

Chen, N., & Karantza, V. (2011) · Cancer Biology & Therapy · doi:10.4161/cbt.11.2.14622 · Cited by 303 · see citing works

Sustained Activation of mTORC1 in Skeletal Muscle Inhibits Constitutive and Starvation-Induced Autophagy and Causes a Severe, Late-Onset Myopathy

Castets, P., Lin, S., Rion, N., Di Fulvio, S., Romanino, K., Guridi, M., Frank, S., Tintignac, L. A., Sinnreich, M., & Rüegg, M. A. (2013) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2013.03.015 · Cited by 302 · see citing works

Serum myostatin-immunoreactive protein is increased in 60-92 year old women and men with muscle wasting.

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Stroke induced Sarcopenia: muscle wasting and disability after stroke.

Scherbakov, N., von Haehling, S., Anker, S., Dirnagl, U., & Doehner, W. (2013) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.10.031 · Cited by 291 · see citing works

Organization of the Pre-autophagosomal Structure Responsible for Autophagosome Formation

Kawamata, T., Kamada, Y., Kabeya, Y., Sekito, T., & Ohsumi, Y. (2008) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e07-10-1048 · Cited by 287 · see citing works

Formation of elongated giant mitochondria in DFO‐induced cellular senescence: Involvement of enhanced fusion process through modulation of Fis1

Yoon, Y., Yoon, D., Lim, I. K., Yoon, S., Chung, H., Rojo, M., Malka, F., Jou, M., Martinou, J., & Yoon, G. (2006) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.20753 · Cited by 275 · see citing works

Physical exercise stimulates autophagy in normal skeletal muscles but is detrimental for collagen VI-deficient muscles

Grumati, P., Coletto, L., Schiavinato, A., Castagnaro, S., Bertaggia, E., Sandri, M., & Bonaldo, P. (2011) · Autophagy · doi:10.4161/auto.7.12.17877 · Cited by 267 · see citing works

Ulk1-mediated phosphorylation of AMPK constitutes a negative regulatory feedback loop

Löffler, A. S., Alers, S., Dieterle, A. M., Keppeler, H., Franz-Wachtel, M., Kundu, M., Campbell, D. G., Wesselborg, S., Alessi, D. R., & Stork, B. (2011) · Autophagy · doi:10.4161/auto.7.7.15451 · Cited by 258 · see citing works

Aging: Central role for autophagy and the lysosomal degradative system

Rajawat, Y. S., Hilioti, Z., & Bossis, I. (2009) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2009.05.001 · Cited by 247 · see citing works

Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle

Béchet, D., Tassa, A., Taillandier, D., Combaret, L., & Attaix, D. (2005) · The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029 · Cited by 241 · see citing works

Exercise Training-Induced Regulation of Mitochondrial Quality

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Mild mitochondrial uncoupling impacts cellular aging in human muscles in vivo

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Atrophy-related ubiquitin ligases, atrogin-1 and MuRF1 are up-regulated in aged rat Tibialis Anterior muscle

Clavel, S., Coldefy, A.-S., Kurkdjian, E., Salles, J., Margaritis, I., & Dérijard, B. (2006) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2006.07.005 · Cited by 218 · see citing works

Myostatin Induces Cyclin D1 Degradation to Cause Cell Cycle Arrest through a Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/AKT/GSK-3β Pathway and Is Antagonized by Insulin-like Growth Factor 1

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Distinct growth hormone receptor signaling modes regulate skeletal muscle development and insulin sensitivity in mice

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Autophagy is required for extension of yeast chronological life span by rapamycin

Alvers, A. L., Wood, M. S., Hu, D., Kaywell, A. C., Dunn, W. A., & Aris, J. P. (2009) · Autophagy · doi:10.4161/auto.8824 · Cited by 212 · see citing works

Biological activity of follistatin isoforms and follistatin-like-3 is dependent on differential cell surface binding and specificity for activin, myostatin, and bone morphogenetic proteins

Sidis, Y., Mukherjee, A., Keutmann, H., Delbaere, A., Sadatsuki, M., & Schneyer, A. (2006) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2006-0089 · Cited by 211 · see citing works

Atrogin-1/MAFbx and MuRF1 are downregulated in aging-related loss of skeletal muscle

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Mechanisms of mitochondria and autophagy crosstalk

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The Epidemiology of Sarcopenia

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Exercise as a Therapeutic Strategy for Sarcopenia in Heart Failure: Insights into Underlying Mechanisms

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Physical exercise attenuates age‐related muscle atrophy and exhibits anti‐ageing effects via the adiponectin receptor 1 signalling

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Restoration of epigenetic impairment in the skeletal muscle and chronic inflammation resolution as a therapeutic approach in sarcopenia

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Nutmeg Extract Increases Skeletal Muscle Mass in Aging Rats Partly via IGF1‐AKT‐mTOR Pathway and Inhibition of Autophagy

Pratiwi, Y. S., Lesmana, R., Goenawan, H., Sylviana, N., Setiawan, I. B., Tarawan, V. M., Lestari, K., Abdulah, R., Dwipa, L., Purba, A., et al. (2018) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2018/2810840 · Cited by 40 · see citing works

Nrf2 deficiency promotes the increasing trend of autophagy during aging in skeletal muscle: a potential mechanism for the development of sarcopenia

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Potential of Food Protein-Derived Bioactive Peptides against Sarcopenia: A Comprehensive Review

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The influence of dietary leucine above recommendations and fixed ratios to isoleucine and valine on muscle protein synthesis and degradation pathways in broilers

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Regulatory role of exercise-induced autophagy for sarcopenia

Liang, J., Zeng, Z., Zhang, Y., & Chen, N. (2020) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2019.110789 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

Autophagy regulation in teleost fish: A double-edged sword

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Exercise-driven cellular autophagy: A bridge to systematic wellness

Zhou, X.-H., Luo, Y., & Yao, X. (2025) · Journal of Advanced Research · doi:10.1016/j.jare.2024.12.036 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

Protective effects of astaxanthin on a combination of D-galactose and jet lag-induced aging model in mice

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Protective effect of Epicatechin on APAP-induced acute liver injury of mice through anti-inflammation and apoptosis inhibition

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Nutrition and microRNAs: Novel Insights to Fight Sarcopenia

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Ginseng and ginsenosides: Therapeutic potential for sarcopenia

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Protective effect of Trillium tschonoskii saponin on CCl 4 -induced acute liver injury of rats through apoptosis inhibition

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Therapeutic considerations of sarcopenia in heart failure patients

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l-Lysine suppresses myofibrillar protein degradation and autophagy in skeletal muscles of senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8

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Autophagy-associated signal pathways of functional foods for chronic diseases

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Sarcopenia in cirrhosis: From pathophysiology to interventional therapy

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Polyamines and Physical Activity in Musculoskeletal Diseases: A Potential Therapeutic Challenge

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Autophagy Is a Promoter for Aerobic Exercise Performance during High Altitude Training

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Skeletal Muscle Aging Atrophy: Assessment and Exercise-Based Treatment

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Thermosensitive Hydrogel Harboring CD146/IGF-1 Nanoparticles for Skeletal-Muscle Regeneration

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mTORC1 Mediates the Processes of Lysine Regulating Satellite Cells Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Autophagy

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Sarcopenic metabolomic profile reflected a sarcopenic phenotype associated with amino acid and essential fatty acid changes

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Regular football training down-regulates miR-1303 muscle expression in veterans

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T‐type calcium channel blockade induces apoptosis in C2C12 myotubes and skeletal muscle via endoplasmic reticulum stress activation

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Benchside to the bedside of frailty and cardiovascular aging: Main shared cellular and molecular mechanisms

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Life-Long Aerobic Exercise is a Non-Pharmacological Approach for Inducing Autophagy and Delaying Muscle Atrophy in the Aging Population

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Selection-, age-, and exercise-dependence of skeletal muscle gene expression patterns in a rat model of metabolic fitness

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Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Sarcopenia, Muscle Healthy Aging and Physical Conditioning in the Elderly

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Muscle Insulin Resistance Elicits Muscle Atrophy in Obesity

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The CB1 cannabinoid receptor regulates autophagy in the tibialis anterior skeletal muscle in mice

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Ablation of S1P3 receptor protects mouse soleus from age-related drop in muscle mass, force, and regenerative capacity

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MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF SARCOPENIA PATHOGENESIS IN CHRONOC KIDNEY DISEASE: INTEGRATED ROLE OF mTOR

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Role of autophagy in bone and muscle biology

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Fermented red ginseng extract improves sarcopenia-related muscle atrophy in old mice through regulation of muscle protein metabolism

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Heme deficiency in skeletal muscle exacerbates sarcopenia and impairs autophagy by reducing AMPK signaling

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Sarcopenia: an Aging Perspective and Management Options

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Efficacy of Baduanjin Exercise for Sarcopenia in Older Adults: A 24‐Week Randomized Controlled Trial

Wu, K., Chen, X., Long, K., Yue, S., Li, W., Duan, X., Zhang, J., Liu, T., Chen, Y., Ye, K., et al. (2025) · Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.70163 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

The impact of mechanically stimulated muscle-derived stromal cells on aged skeletal muscle

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A review of omics studies in sarcopenia: from molecular mechanisms to hepatic-gut-muscle interactions in chronic liver disease comorbidity

Xue, X., Xu, J., Wang, H., Wang, K., Chen, Y., Xu, Y., Que, S., & Liu, Z. (2026) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2025.1710582 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Phytonutrients as Potential Dietary Supplements to Ameliorate Sarcopenia via the Involvement of Autophagic Pathway

Sun, Y., Zheng, Q., Sun, J., Wang, L., & Li, Y. (2023) · Food Reviews International · doi:10.1080/87559129.2023.2274487 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

The Interactome in the Evolution From Frailty to Sarcopenic Dependence

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Sarcopenia: An overview of emerging therapies and pathophysiological insights in age-related skeletal muscle decline

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Autophagy in striated muscle diseases

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Polycystin-2 Is Required for Starvation- and Rapamycin-Induced Atrophy in Myotubes

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Exercise-Induced Short-Chain Fatty Acids: A Novel Therapeutic Target in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Sarcopenia

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Deciphering the relationship between sarcopenia and aging: A combined text mining and bioinformatics approach

Kamihara, T., Omura, T., & Shimizu, A. (2025) · Geriatrics and gerontology international/Geriatrics & gerontology international · doi:10.1111/ggi.70042 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Oral administration of a locally isolated Lactobacillus rhamnosus (NR_113332.1) improves regeneration of extensor digitorum longus muscle in mice

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Protein Structure and Function in Aging and Age-Related Diseases

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Altered Lysosomal Function Manipulates Cellular Biosynthetic Capacity By Remodeling Intracellular Cholesterol Distribution

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SARCOPENIA : Immunological Perspective and Efficacy of Exercise Interventions

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Research Progress of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Associated with Sarcopenia

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Additional file 1 of The CB1 cannabinoid receptor regulates autophagy in the tibialis anterior skeletal muscle in mice

Sepúlveda, C., Rodríguez, J. M., Monsalves-Álvarez, M., Donoso-Barraza, C., la Fuente, F. P.-D., Matias, I., Lesté-Lasserre, T., Zizzari, P., Morselli, E., Cota, D., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26577623

Additional file 1 of Dietary isoleucine improved flesh quality, muscle antioxidant capacity, and muscle growth associated with AKT/TOR/S6K1 and AKT/FOXO3a signaling in hybrid bagrid catfish (Pelteobagrus vachelli♀ × Leiocassis longirostris♂)

Jiang, Q., Yan, M., Zhao, Y., Zhou, X., Yin, L., Feng, L., Liu, Y., Jiang, W., Wu, P., Wang, Y., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14446000

Chronic D-Galactose Accelerates Aging-Like Decline in Aerobic Capacity and Cognitive Function Through Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Central and Peripheral TissuesPreprint

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[Autophagy Activation and Mitochondrial Quality Control in Sarcopenia].

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Regulatory role of exercise-induced autophagy for sarcopenia

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Sarcopenia targeting with autophagy mechanism by exercise

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