Cited by 107Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model OrganismsExercise and Physiological ResponsesMetabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer

Effects of exercise on cellular and tissue aging

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Carapeto, Priscila Viana, Aguayo-Mazzucato, Cristina·2021·Aging

Abstract

The natural aging process is carried out by a progressive loss of homeostasis leading to a functional decline in cells and tissues. The accumulation of these changes stem from a multifactorial process on which both external (environmental and social) and internal (genetic and biological) risk factors contribute to the development of adult chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Strategies that can slow cellular aging include changes in diet, lifestyle and drugs that modulate intracellular signaling. Exercise is a promising lifestyle intervention that has shown antiaging effects by extending lifespan and healthspan through decreasing the nine hallmarks of aging and age-associated inflammation. Herein, we review the effects of exercise to attenuate aging from a clinical to a cellular level, listing its effects upon various tissues and systems as well as its capacity to reverse many of the hallmarks of aging. Additionally, we suggest AMPK as a central regulator of the cellular effects of exercise due to its integrative effects in different tissues. These concepts are especially relevant in the setting of T2D, where cellular aging is accelerated and exercise can counteract these effects through the reviewed antiaging mechanisms.

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Crossref · 10.18632/aging.203051

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Authors
Carapeto, P. V., & Aguayo-Mazzucato, C.
Affiliations
  • Joslin Diabetes Center (US)
  • Beta Cell Aging Lab, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, USA
Venue
Aging
Published
2021-05-13
Volume
13
Issue
10
Pages
14522-14543
ISSN
1945-4589 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3162660575
Cited by
107
References
166
Citations by year
2026: 21 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 5
FWCI
1.29
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Aging (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK036836)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
Keywords
physical activity, cellular aging, tissue aging, hallmarks of aging, type 2 diabetes, AMPK, healthspan, lifespan extension, age-associated inflammation, lifestyle intervention
MeSH terms
Adenylate Kinase, Aging, Animals, Humans, Organ Specificity, Signal Transduction, Exercise, Cellular Senescence, Models, Animal

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