Depression in type 2 diabetes mellitus: prevalence, impact, and treatment
Abstract
Clinically significant depression is present in one of every four people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Depression increases the risk of the development of T2DM and the subsequent risks of hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and micro- and macrovascular complications. Conversely, a diagnosis of T2DM increases the risk of incident depression and can contribute to a more severe course of depression. This linkage reflects a shared etiology consisting of complex bidirectional interactions among multiple variables, a process that may include autonomic and neurohormonal dysregulation, weight gain, inflammation, and hippocampal structural alterations. Two recent meta-analyses of randomized controlled depression treatment trials in patients with T2DM concluded that psychotherapy and antidepressant medication (ADM) were each moderately effective for depression and that cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) had beneficial effects on glycemic control. However, the number of studies (and patients exposed to randomized treatment) included in these analyses is extremely small and limits the certainty of conclusions that can be drawn from the data. Ultimately, there is no escaping the paucity of the evidence base and the need for additional controlled trials that specifically address depression management in T2DM. Future trials should determine both the effects of treatment and the change in depression during treatment on measures of mood, glycemic control, and medical outcome.
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High prevalence of depression as one of psychological complications that result from diabetes, makes it harder for diabetics to manage blood glucose, thus leading to further complications.
“Besides, high prevalence of depression as one of psychological complications that result from diabetes, makes it harder for diabetics to manage blood glucose, thus leading to further complications (125).”
From Diabetes and Sarcopenic Obesity: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatments (2020) · cites this paper as [125]
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- Authors
- Semenkovich, K., Brown, M. E., Svrakic, D. M., & Lustman, P. J.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lustman, Patrick J.
- Venue
- Drugs
- Published
- 2015-04
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 577-587
- ISSN
- 0012-6667 (ISSN-L)
- 1179-1950
- OpenAlex
- W2088834455
- Semantic Scholar
- 38e7d10efae0194a861dcfa03c237514b73f646a
- Cited by
- 447
- References
- 103
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 70 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 3.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Drugs (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- depression, type 2 diabetes, comorbidities, prevalence, glycemic control, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, vascular complications, shared etiology, inflammation, weight gain, antidepressants, psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy
- MeSH terms
- Antidepressive Agents, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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