Cited by 812Sports Performance and TrainingCardiovascular and exercise physiologyMenstrual Health and Disorders

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 127 of the 127 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Effects of Menstrual Cycle Phase on Exercise Performance in Eumenorrheic Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Open access

McNulty, Kelly Lee, Elliott-Sale, Kirsty Jayne, Dolan, Eimear, Swinton, Paul Alan, Ansdell, Paul, Goodall, Stuart, Thomas, Kevin, Hicks, Kirsty Marie·2020·Sports Medicine

DOI 10.1007/s40279-020-01319-3PMC PMC7497427

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Background: Concentrations of endogenous sex hormones fluctuate across the menstrual cycle (MC), which could have implications for exercise performance in women. At present, data are conflicting, with no consensus on whether exercise performance is affected by MC phase. Objective: To determine the effects of the MC on exercise performance and provide evidence-based, practical, performance recommendations to eumenorrheic women. Methods: This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Four databases were searched for published experimental studies that investigated the effects of the MC on exercise performance, which included at least one outcome measure taken in two or more defined MC phases. All data were meta-analysed using multilevel models grounded in Bayesian principles. The initial meta-analysis pooled pairwise effect sizes comparing exercise performance during the early follicular phase with all other phases (late follicular, ovulation, early luteal, mid-luteal and late luteal) amalgamated. A more comprehensive analysis was then conducted, comparing exercise performance between all phases with direct and indirect pairwise effect sizes through a network meta-analysis. Results from the network meta-analysis were summarised by calculating the Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking curve (SUCRA). Study quality was assessed using a modified Downs and Black checklist and a strategy based on the recommendations of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) working group. Results: Of the 78 included studies, data from 51 studies were eligible for inclusion in the initial pairwise meta-analysis. The three-level hierarchical model indicated a trivial effect for both endurance- and strength-based outcomes, with reduced exercise performance observed in the early follicular phase of the MC, based on the median pooled effect size (ES 0.5 = − 0.06 [95% credible interval (CrI): − 0.16 to 0.04]). Seventy-three studies had enough data to be included in the network meta-analysis. The largest effect was identified between the early follicular and the late follicular phases of the MC (ES 0.5 = − 0.14 [95% CrI: − 0.26 to − 0.03]). The lowest SUCRA value, which represents the likelihood that exercise performance is poor, or among the poorest, relative to other MC phases, was obtained for the early follicular phase (30%), with values for all other phases ranging between 53 and 55%. The quality of evidence for this review was classified as “low” (42%). Conclusion: The results from this systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that exercise performance might be trivially reduced during the early follicular phase of the MC, compared to all other phases. Due to the trivial effect size, the large between-study variation and the number of poor-quality studies included in this review, general guidelines on exercise performance across the MC cannot be formed; rather, it is recommended that a personalised approach should be taken based on each individual's response to exercise performance across the MC.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s40279-020-01319-3

Cites

127 of 127 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Fig. 1 Schematic displaying the hormonal fluctuations across an idealised 28-day menstrual cycle, with ovulation occurring on day 14 Adapted from Pitchers and Elliott-Sale [8]CC BY · PubMed Central

Fig. 2 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines flow chart for literature search and study selectionCC BY · PubMed Central

Fig. 3 Quality rating of outcomes from all included studies (n = 78). Each bar represents the proportion of studies assigned a “high,” “moderate,” “low,” or “very low” quality rating. The x-axis represents the different stages of the quality appraisal process, with question one (Q. 1) and question two (Q. 2) indicating the questions asked to determine menstrual cycle phase identification and verification in each study, with the final bar representing the proportion of studies assigned to each quality rating categoryCC BY · PubMed Central

Fig. 4 Bayesian Forest Plot of multilevel meta-analysis comparing performance measured during the early follicular phase with all other menstrual cycle phases. The study-specific intervals represent individual effect size estimates and sampling error. The circle represents the pooled estimate generated with Bayesian inference along with the 95% credible interval (95% CrI). Negative values favour all other menstrual cycle phases (late follicular, ovulation, early luteal, mid-luteal and late luteal) compared to the early follicular phase. High and moderate quality studies are indicated with an asterisk (*)CC BY · PubMed Central

Fig. 5 Network diagram illustrating the pairwise effect sizes calculated across the six menstrual cycle phases (early follicular, late follicular, ovulation, early luteal, mid-luteal and late luteal). The analysis included direct and indirect pairwise effect sizes from 73 studies. The relative size of nodes and relative thickness of connecting lines illustrate the frequency of outcomes measured in a given menstrual cycle phase and the number of direct comparisons between two phases, respectivelyCC BY · PubMed Central

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement.
(2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 44,859
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & the PRISMA Group* (2009) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135 · Cited by 37,554
Bayesian Data Analysis
Gelman, A., Carlin, J. B., Stern, H. S., & Rubin, D. B. (2003) · doi:10.1201/9780429258480 · Cited by 27,276
The “Golden Age” of Probiotics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized and Observational Studies in Preterm Infants
Dermyshi, E., Wang, Y., Yan, C., Hong, W., Qiu, G., Gong, X., & Zhang, T. (2017) · Neonatology · doi:10.1159/000454668 · Cited by 24,586
GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction—GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables
Guyatt, G., Oxman, A. D., Akl, E. A., Kunz, R., Vist, G., Brozek, J., Norris, S., Falck-Ytter, Y., Glasziou, P., & deBeer, H. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026 · Cited by 10,681
brms : An R Package for Bayesian Multilevel Models Using Stan
Bürkner, P.-C. (2017) · Journal of Statistical Software · doi:10.18637/jss.v080.i01 · Cited by 9,476
GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence
Balshem, H., Helfand, M., Schünemann, H. J., Oxman, A. D., Kunz, R., Brozek, J., Vist, G. E., Falck-Ytter, Y., Meerpohl, J., & Norris, S. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.07.015 · Cited by 8,285
The feasibility of creating a checklist for the assessment of the methodological quality both of randomised and non-randomised studies of health care interventions.
Downs, S. H., & Black, N. (1998) · Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.52.6.377 · Cited by 8,252
Graphical methods and numerical summaries for presenting results from multiple-treatment meta-analysis: an overview and tutorial
Salanti, G., Ades, A. E., & Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.03.016 · Cited by 3,766
Oral health of individuals aged 3-80 years in Jönköping, Sweden during 40 years (1973-2013). II. Review of clinical and radiographic findings.
Norderyd, O. M., Koch, G., Papias, A., Köhler, A. A., Helkimo, A. N., Brahm, C., Lindmark, U., Lindfors, N., Mattsson, A., Rolander, B., et al. (2015) · PubMed · Cited by 3,584

Show all 127 references

Research works printed but not linked: 3

Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the social sciences. 2nd ed. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1988.
Grucza R, Pekkarinen H, Hanninen O. Cardiorespiratory responses to bicycle incremental exercise in women taking oral contraceptives. Biol Sport. 2002;19(3):267–79.
Masterson G. The impact of menstrual phases on anaerobic power performance in collegiate women. J Strength Cond Res. 1999;13(4):325–9.

Sorted by citations

Items 201–300 of 810

The influence of the menstrual cycle and hormonal contraceptives on cardiorespiratory fitness in physically active women: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Schumpf, L. F., Braun, C., Peric, A., Schmid, M. J., Lehnick, D., Christmann‐Schmid, C., & Brambs, C. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17049 · Cited by 11
Within- and between-day reliability and repeatability of neuromuscular function assessment in females and males
Dutra, Y. M., Lopes, J. P. F., Murias, J. M., & Zagatto, A. M. (2023) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00539.2023 · Cited by 11
Impact of menstrual cycle or combined oral contraception on elite female cyclists' training responses through a clustering analysis of training sessions
Carlin, H., Dupuit, M., Storme, F., Chassard, T., Meignié, A., Sachet, I., Brunet, E., Toussaint, J., & Antero, J. (2024) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2024.1307436 · Cited by 11
Quantitative Hormone Analysis Reveals Sources of Variability in the Menstrual Cycle
Francis, G., & Keay, N. (2024) · Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal · doi:10.1123/wspaj.2023-0062 · Cited by 11
Menstrual Cycle and Hormonal Contraceptive Symptom Severity and Frequency in Athletic Females
Kiemle-Gabbay, L., Valentin, S., Martin, D., & Forrest, L. J. (2024) · Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal · doi:10.1123/wspaj.2023-0086 · Cited by 11
“…main female ovarian hormones, are thought to in ﬂ uence a plethora of physiological, psychological, and behavioral responses which can potentially impact sport and exercise performance (Blagrove et al., 2020; Bruinvels et al., 2016; 2021; Brown et al., 2021; de Jonge, 2003; McNulty et al., 2020).”
Background
The effect of the menstrual cycle phases on back squat performance, jumping ability and psychological state in women according to their level of performance -a randomized three-arm crossover study
Isenmann, E., Held, S., Geisler, S., Flenker, U., Jeffreys, I., & Zinner, C. (2024) · BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s13102-024-01010-4 · Cited by 11
“The fluctuating concentrations of hormones during the menstrual cycle, particularly estrogen and progesterone could potentially impact performance, which has resulted in suggestions that strength performance and jumping ability could be affected at different stages of the cycle [8–10].”
BackgroundInfluential
Does Creatine Supplementation Enhance Performance in Active Females? A Systematic Review
Tam, R., Mitchell, L., & Forsyth, A. K. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17020238 · Cited by 17
“This could potentially lead to erroneously generalising male-specific recommendations to females without considering physiological differences such as hormonal changes related to the menstrual cycle which can influence muscle function, injury risk, and exercise performance [7,8].”
Ergogenic Effects of Combined Caffeine Supplementation and Motivational Music on Anaerobic Performance in Female Handball Players: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial
Bougrine, H., Paillard, T., Jebabli, N., Ceylan, H. İ., Maitre, J., Dergaa, I., Ștefănică, V., & Abderrahman, A. B. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17101613 · Cited by 14
“Elite female athletes report higher competition stress levels [54], while physiological differences highlight the need for female-specific research [55,56].”
Strength training for throwing velocity enhancement in overhead throw: A systematic review and meta-analysis
García, D. M., Chirosa-Ríos, L., Perea, Á. R., Ulloa-Díaz, D., Jerez‐Mayorga, D., & Ríos, I. J. C. (2021) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1177/17479541211002977 · Cited by 11
The effect of menstrual cycle phase on multiple performance test parameters
Oğul, A., Ercan, S., Ergan, M., Parpucu, T. İ., & Çetin, C. (2021) · Turkish Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.47447/tjsm.0552 · Cited by 11
Impact of Body Mass Index on Muscle Strength, Thicknesses, and Fiber Composition in Young Women
Sung, E.-S., Han, A., Hinrichs, T., Vorgerd, M., & Platen, P. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19169789 · Cited by 11
“According to a recent review [11], it was reported that the menstrual cycle must be taken into consideration in”
Background
Acute Effects of New Zealand Blackcurrant Extract on Cycling Time-Trial Are Performance Dependent in Endurance-Trained Cyclists: A Home-Based Study
Montanari, S., Blacker, S. D., & Willems, M. E. T. (2023) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports11050093 · Cited by 11
“A recent meta-analysis has indicated that performance in females might be trivially reduced during the early follicular stage of the menstrual cycle with low quality of evidence [31].”
Background
Physical activity and combined hormonal contraception: association with female students’ perception of menstrual symptoms
Bougault, V., Schiano-Lomoriello, S., Castanier, C., Buisson, C., Ericsson, M., Teulier, C., & Collomp, K. (2023) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1185343 · Cited by 11
“The menstrual cycle may significantly affect females’ health, daily activities, quality of life and performance (Tadakawa et al., 2016; Yu et al., 2017; McNulty et al., 2020; Castanier et al., 2021; Mitsuhashi et al., 2022; Pogodina et al., 2022).”
Background
Sex Differences in Diaphragm Voluntary Activation after Exercise
Ramsook, A. H., Schaeffer, M. R., Mitchell, R., Dhillon, S. S., Milne, K. M., Ferguson, O. N., Puyat, J. H., Koehle, M. S., Sheel, A. W., & Guenette, J. A. (2022) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002897 · Cited by 11
“Moreover, neither menstrual cycle phase (17) nor oral contraceptive use (18) has a meaningful impact on exercise performance.”
Background
Physical performance development in a female national team soccer program
Poehling, R. A., Tsai, M., Manson, S. A., Koehle, M. S., & Meylan, C. M. P. (2020) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2020.12.009 · Cited by 10
Caffeine reverts loss of muscular performance during the early-follicular phase in resistance-trained naturally menstruating women
Pereira-Santana, O., Cavalcante, V. H. V., Paulo, A. C., Rodacki, C. D. L. N., Bertuzzi, R., Lima‐Silva, A. E., & Cristina-Souza, G. (2022) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2022.2094560 · Cited by 10
“The mid-luteal phase normally occurs between day 20 and 23, which represents approximately 70–75% of the length of an individual menstrual cycle (McNulty et al., 2020).”
BackgroundInfluential
Alterations of postural control across the menstrual cycle – A systematic review
Pohle, C., Becker, L., & Baumeister, J. (2023) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.09.010 · Cited by 10
Self-Reported Performance and Hormonal-Cycle-Related Symptoms in Competitive Female Athletes
Ihalainen, J. K., Takalo, S., Mjøsund, K., Solli, G. S., Valtonen, M., Kokkonen, M., Hackney, A. C., & Mikkonen, R. S. (2024) · Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal · doi:10.1123/wspaj.2023-0102 · Cited by 10
Impact of Training Protocols on Lifting Velocity Recovery in Resistance Trained Males and Females
Amdi, C. H., Cleather, D. J., & Tallent, J. (2021) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports9110157 · Cited by 10
Is There Evidence for the Development of Sex-Specific Guidelines for Ultramarathon Coaches and Athletes? A Systematic Review
Kelly, C. P. M. G. (2023) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-022-00533-9 · Cited by 15
Tracking the Reliability of Force Plate-Derived Countermovement Jump Metrics Over Time in Female Basketball Athletes: A Comparison of Principal Component Analysis vs. Conventional Methods
Keogh, J. A. J., Bishop, C. J., Ruder, M. C., & Kobsar, D. (2023) · Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise · doi:10.1007/s42978-023-00239-8 · Cited by 10
“However, recent systematic reviews have suggested that the effect of the menstrual cycle on exercise performance are inconclusive and trivial [38, 39].”
Weight regain, body composition, and metabolic responses to weight loss in weight cycling athletes: A systematic review and meta‐analyses
Bagot, S., Pélissier, L., Pereira, B., Bussière, E. C., Duclos, M., Dulloo, A. G., Miles-Chan, J. L., Charlot, K., Boirie‌, Y., Thivel, D., et al. (2023) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13658 · Cited by 14
Effect of circadian rhythm and menstrual cycle on physical performance in women: a systematic review
Beníčková, M., Gimunová, M., & Paludo, A. C. (2024) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2024.1347036 · Cited by 10
Rapid Weight Gain Following Weight Cutting in Male and Female Professional Mixed Martial Artists
Murugappan, K. R., Mueller, A., Walsh, D. P., Shaefi, S., Leibowitz, A., & Sarge, T. (2021) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0369 · Cited by 10
Training Habits of Eumenorrheic Active Women during the Different Phases of Their Menstrual Cycle: A Descriptive Study
García‐Pinillos, F., Bujalance-Moreno, P., Jerez‐Mayorga, D., Velarde-Sotres, Á., Anaya-Moix, V., Pueyo-Villa, S., & Lago‐Fuentes, C. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18073662 · Cited by 10
“So, training at a high level without considering hormone fluctuations during the MC (and especially the negative side effects before and during the MP) could be dangerous for female health and also increase injury risk [25].”
Background
Mobile health technologies for the monitoring of menstrual cycle: A systematic review of online stores in Brazil
Dantas, L. O., Carvalho, C., Pena, C. C., Breda, C. C., Driusso, P., Ferreira, C. H. J., & Bø, K. (2021) · Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · doi:10.1111/jog.15082 · Cited by 13
“To search, we used available Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and keywords frequently searched in systematic reviews pertaining to menstruation: menstrual cycle; menstrual phase; menstruation; fertile period; follicular phase; luteal phase; and ovulation.(16,17) All the MeSH terms and keywords were searched in Po…”
Method
Chronic Training Induces Metabolic and Proteomic Response in Male and Female Basketball Players: Salivary Modifications during In-Season Training Programs
Luti, S., Militello, R., Pinto, G., Illiano, A., Amoresano, A., Chiappetta, G., Marzocchini, R., Modesti, P. A., Pratesi, S., Pazzagli, L., et al. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11020241 · Cited by 11
“There are controversial data on the influence of the menstrual cycle on physical activity [56], and it is very difficult to evaluate this.”
Background
Effects of hypoxia on exercise‐induced diaphragm fatigue in healthy males and females
Reinhard, P. A., Archiza, B., Welch, J. F., Benbaruj, J. M., Guenette, J. A., Koehle, M. S., & Sheel, A. W. (2023) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.15589 · Cited by 10
A comparative analysis of mathematical methods for detecting lactate thresholds using muscle oxygenation data during a graded cycling test
Sendra-Pérez, C., Encarnación-Martínez, A., Oficial-Casado, F., Salvador-Palmer, R., & Priego-Quesada, J. I. (2023) · Physiological Measurement · doi:10.1088/1361-6579/ad1457 · Cited by 9
Changes in Proprioceptive Control in the Menstrual Cycle: a Risk Factor for Injuries? A Proof-of-Concept Study
Frizziero, A., Demeco, A., Oliva, F., Bigliardi, D., Presot, F., Faentoni, S., Palermi, S., Saglietti, C., & Costantino, C. (2023) · Muscles Ligaments and Tendons Journal · doi:10.32098/mltj.03.2023.02 · Cited by 9
Menstrual Cycle and Situational Match Variables: Effects on Well-Being in Professional Female Soccer Players
Abbott, W., Exall, Z., Walsh, L., & Clifford, T. (2024) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2023.2298443 · Cited by 9
“There remains limited research that menstrual cycle phase affects well-being and performance in athletes (Carmichael et al., 2021; McNulty et al., 2020) and therefore whether practitioners should alter match and training preparation to account for it.”
Longitudinal Monitoring of Biomechanical and Psychological State in Collegiate Female Basketball Athletes Using Principal Component Analysis
Keogh, J. A. J., Ruder, M. C., White, K., Gavrilov, M. G., Phillips, S. M., Heisz, J. J., Jordan, M. J., & Kobsar, D. (2024) · Translational Sports Medicine · doi:10.1155/2024/7858835 · Cited by 7
Self-Reported Menstrual Health, Symptomatology, and Perceived Effects of the Menstrual Cycle for Elite Junior and Senior Football Players
Brown, G. A., Jones, M. D., Cole, B., Shawdon, A., & Duffield, R. (2024) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.2023-0522 · Cited by 9
Influence of Menstrual Phase and Symptoms on Match Running in Professional Footballers
Brown, G. A., & Duffield, R. (2024) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.14734 · Cited by 9
Responses to Exercise with Low Carbohydrate Availability on Muscle Glycogen and Cell Signaling: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Díaz‐Lara, J., Prieto-Bellver, G., Guadalupe‐Grau, A., & Bishop, D. J. (2024) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-024-02119-9 · Cited by 9
“This is necessary for high-quality research on half of the world's population [49, 50].”
Test–retest reliability of strength, power, agility, and sprint performance in female team handball players
Osborne, J. O., Kildalsen, I., Pedersen, S., Pettersen, S. A., Welde, B., MINAHAN, C. L., & Andersson, E. P. (2024) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2024.11.008 · Cited by 9
Hormonal Fluctuation and Ankle Instability in Women—Is There a Correlation?
Hartman, H., Fehr, S., & Gianakos, A. L. (2024) · Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics · doi:10.1177/24730114241300140 · Cited by 9
“23 Rather than fully adopting this “trend,” the current study’s results suggest that it may be advantageous for athletes to avoid high-intensity activity during ovulation (Figure 3).”
Menstrual Cycle Phase-Based Strength and Conditioning Training for Elite Team Sport Female Athletes
Moore, S. R., Bruinvels, G., & Smith‐Ryan, A. E. (2024) · Strength and conditioning journal · doi:10.1519/ssc.0000000000000879 · Cited by 10
The squat jump and sprint force–velocity profiles of elite female football players are not influenced by the menstrual cycle phases and oral contraceptive use
Bouvier, J., Igonin, P.-H., Boithias, M., Fouré, A., Belli, A., Boisseau, N., & Martin, C. (2025) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-025-05723-3 · Cited by 9
“Specifically, fluctuations in sex hormones during the menstrual cycle (MC) or oral contraceptive (OC) intake might influence the physical performances (Elliott-Sale et al. 2020; McNulty et al. 2020).”
“Breaking the Silence and Barriers” on Culture and Menstruation in Sport: A Cross-Sectional Survey of 205 Elite Sportswomen Across the Pacific
Gibbons, A. E., Thorpe, H., Pedlar, C. R., Hemi, K. V., Bruinvels, G., & Hamilton, B. H. (2025) · Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal · doi:10.1123/wspaj.2024-0114 · Cited by 9
The 4Rs Framework of Sports Nutrition: An Update with Recommendations to Evaluate Allostatic Load in Athletes
Bonilla, D. A., Stout, J. R., Gleeson, M., Campbell, B. I., Escalante, G., Rojas‐Valverde, D., Petro, J. L., Kreider, R. B., & Odriozola-Martínez, A. (2025) · Life · doi:10.3390/life15060867 · Cited by 11
A systematic review and meta-aggregation of the experiences and perceptions of menstrual and hormonal contraceptive cycle-related symptoms in female athletes
Chica-Latorre, S., Knight-Agarwal, C. R., McKune, A. J., & Minehan, M. (2025) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2025.06.005 · Cited by 13
‘ There’s a perfect way to do things, and there’s a real way to do things ’: Attitudes, beliefs and practices of strength and conditioning coaches in elite international women's rugby union
Nolan, D. A., Horgan, P., MacNamara, Á., & Egan, B. (2023) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1177/17479541231169371 · Cited by 9
“consistently affect acute performance indicators.(13) However, it must be noted that the majority of research conducted to date in this domain is of low quality, with small sample sizes and clear methodological flaws (i.”
Background
Exploring the effect of the menstrual cycle or oral contraception on elite athletes’ training responses when workload is not objectively quantifiable: the MILS approach and findings from female Olympians
Larochelambert, Q. D., Hamri, I., Chassard, T., Meignié, A., Storme, F., Dupuit, M., Diry, A., Toussaint, J., Louis, P., Coulmy, N., et al. (2024) · BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001810 · Cited by 9
Variation in physiological function within and between menstrual cycles: uncovering the contributing factors
McNulty, K. L., Hicks, K. M., & Ansdell, P. (2021) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/ep089716 · Cited by 9
Self-citation
Impact of Inter-Set Short Rest Interval Length on Inhibitory Control Improvements Following Low-Intensity Resistance Exercise in Healthy Young Males
Tomoo, K., Suga, T., Dora, K., Sugimoto, T., Mok, E., Tsukamoto, H., Takada, S., Hashimoto, T., & Isaka, T. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.741966 · Cited by 10
“More importantly, most previous studies that were included in the meta-analytical investigations examined using aerobic exercise (Chang et al., 2012; McMorris and Hale, 2012; Moreau and Chou, 2019; Oberste et al., 2019; Ai et al., 2021).”
BackgroundInfluential
Physiological and biomechanical responses to exercise on two different types of rowing ergometers in NCAA Division I oarswomen
Lu, T., Jones, M. T., Yom, J. P., Ishida, A., & White, J. B. (2023) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-023-05172-w · Cited by 8
Effect of Endurance Exercise on Markers of Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review
Mallett, G. S., & McGrath, K. (2024) · Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise · doi:10.1007/s42978-024-00305-9 · Cited by 12
Beyond the Menstrual Cycle: Time for a Holistic Approach to Athlete Health and Performance
Stitelmann, A., Gard, S., Coen, S. E., Parsons, J. L., Arundale, A., Bel, L., & Forelli, F. (2024) · International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.26603/001c.126285 · Cited by 8
Are Women Less Likely to Return to Sport Compared to Men Following Hip Arthroscopy. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
King, M., van Klij, P., Hoak, F., Kierkegaard, S., West, T. J., Scholes, M. J., Heerey, J., Semciw, A. I., Ganderton, C. L., McMillan, R. M., et al. (2025) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2025.12813 · Cited by 8
The Comparative Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training and Traditional Resistance Training on Hormonal Responses in Young Women: A 10-Week Intervention Study
Ramadan, W., Xirouchaki, C. E., & El‐Gilany, A. (2025) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports13030067 · Cited by 14
“Additionally, considering the potential impact of the menstrual cycle on training outcomes, aligning exercise regimens with different phases may enhance performance and recovery [32].”
Impact of the menstrual cycle and barriers to football and futsal performance in Portuguese players: a survey-based cross-sectional study
Santos, C., Lopes, M., Brito, J., Kryger, K. O., Wilke, C. F., & Travassos, B. F. R. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1576752 · Cited by 8
The effect of acute beetroot juice consumption prior to climbing on lower-body isokinetic and isometric strength, aerobic power, and muscle soreness among mountain climbers
Daneshparvar, A., Hemmatinafar, M., Salesi, M., Rezaei, R., Imanian, B., & Pirmohammadi, S. (2025) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1080/15502783.2025.2502656 · Cited by 9
“Previous research indicates that the menstrual cycle can influence exercise performance in women [40].”
Evidence for Periodizing Strength and/or Endurance Training According to Menstrual Cycle Phases to Optimize Female Athlete Performance Is Lacking
Taipale, R. S., & Häkkinen, K. (2025) · Strength and conditioning journal · doi:10.1519/ssc.0000000000000917 · Cited by 11
Tailoring support to the female athlete: A cross-sectional online survey to observe current practices in high performance sport
Carmichael, M. A., Roberts, A. H., Perry, K., & Clarke, A. C. (2025) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1177/17479541251361218 · Cited by 8
Are counter movement jump and isometric mid-thigh pull tests reliable, valid, and sensitive measurement instruments when performed after maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing? A sex-based analysis in elite athletes
Pojskić, H., Schiller, J., Pagels, P., Ragnarsson, T., & Melin, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2025.1663590 · Cited by 9
The impact of menstrual cycle phase and symptoms on sleep, recovery, and stress in elite female basketball athletes: a longitudinal study
Kullik, L., Isenmann, E., Schalla, J., Kellmann, M., & Jakowski, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2025.1663657 · Cited by 8
Nocturnal Heart Rate Variability in Women Discordant for Hormonal Contraceptive Use
Ahokas, E. K., Hanstock, H. G., Löfberg, I. E., NYMAN, M., WENNING, P., Kyröläinen, H., Taipale, R. S., & Ihalainen, J. K. (2023) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000003158 · Cited by 8
Caffeine Gum Improves Reaction Time but Reduces Composure Versus Placebo During the Extra-Time Period of Simulated Soccer Match-Play in Male Semiprofessional Players
Field, A., Corr, L. D., Birdsey, L. P., Langley, C. K., Marshall, B., Wood, G., Hearris, M. A., Martinho, D. V., Carbry, C., Naughton, R. J., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2023-0220 · Cited by 10
The Translation of Policy to Person: A Qualitative Analysis of Elite Athletes’ Perceptions of Pregnancy in the United Kingdom
Caro, C. V., Trow, S., Bell, Z., Flynn, A. C., & Lavelle, F. (2025) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-025-02191-9 · Cited by 7
“The current studies measuring performance capabilities across the phases of the menstrual cycle are typically of low quality and only include eumenor-rheic female athletes [72, 73].”
Dark Chocolate Mitigates Premenstrual Performance Impairments and Muscle Soreness in Female CrossFit® Athletes: Evidence from a Menstrual-Phase-Specific Trial
Safari, K., Hemmatinafar, M., Suzuki, K., Jahromi, M. K., & Imanian, B. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17081374 · Cited by 8
“These responses compromise recovery and athletic performance—especially in female athletes, where hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle may exacerbate inflammation, pain sensitivity, and neuromuscular fatigue [8].”
Sport can do better: female athletes' perspectives on managing menstrual and hormonal contraceptive cycle-related symptoms
Chica-Latorre, S., Knight-Agarwal, C. R., McKune, A. J., & Minehan, M. (2025) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2025.1597469 · Cited by 7
Menstrual Cycle Effects on Sports Performance and Adaptations to Training: A Historical Perspective
Hackney, A. C., Hansen, M., & Melin, A. (2025) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.70107 · Cited by 7
Menstrual Cycle Does Not Affect Peak Torque or Fatigue in Resistance-Trained Women
Velten, L., Prado, R. C. R., Conforti, A. L. P., Andreatta, M. V., Reis, C. B. F., & Leite, R. D. (2025) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/a-2688-5060 · Cited by 7
“Some systematic reviews and meta-analyses 14 – 17 suggest”
Menstrual Cycle and Athletic Status Interact to Influence Symptoms, Mood, and Cognition in Females
Ronca, F., Watson, E., Metcalf, I., & Tari, B. (2025) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-025-00924-8 · Cited by 10
“…menstruation, with low levels of oestrogen and progesterone) followed by the late follicular phase (i.e., oestrogen rises and peaks prior to ovulation), ovulation (i.e., the release of an egg from an ovary), and the luteal phase (i.e., a second, smaller rise in oestrogen and peak progesterone) [9].”
Does Attentional Focus Influence Psychophysiological Responses to an Acute Bout of Exercise? Evidence From an Experimental Study Using a Repeated-Measures Design
Meixner, F., & Herbert, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.680149 · Cited by 11
“Between T3 and T4, participants completed the experimental HisMine paradigm measuring emotional evaluation of self-related emotional stimuli (Herbert et al., 2011a,b, 2018; Winter et al., 2015, 2018; Weis and Herbert, 2017; Meixner and Herbert, 2018; Meixner et al., 2019).”
Background
A review exploring coach knowledge, attitudes/beliefs and behaviours towards low energy availability in athletes
Hamer, J., Desbrow, B., & Irwin, C. G. (2022) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1177/17479541221140188 · Cited by 8
“A greater number of trained female coaches will likely improve communication on menstrual health, supporting athlete health.(54,57) In maledominated coaching environments, an immediate strategy could involve prioritising opportunities to increase female representation within the training environment (e.”
Background
Training and coaching of female vs. male endurance athletes on their road to gold. Perceptions among successful elite athlete coaches
Sandbakk, S. B., Tønnessen, E., Haugen, T. A., & Sandbakk, Ø. (2022) · German Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.5960/dzsm.2022.549 · Cited by 7
Sex differences in the acute effect of caffeine on repeated sprint performance: A randomized controlled trial
Pérez‐López, A., Garriga‐Alonso, L., Montalvo‐Alonso, J. J., del Val‐Manzano, M., Valadés, D., Vila, H., & Ferragut, C. (2024) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1002/ejsc.12233 · Cited by 7
“The physiological differences in hormones (McNulty et al., 2020), energy metabolism (Benton et al., 2020; Roepstorff et al., 2002), and body composition between sexes addressed the necessity to investigate female - specific nutritional needs in a sports performance context.”
The effect of time of day and menstrual cycle on physical performance and psychological responses in elite female Tunisian volleyball players
Seddik, M., Bouzouraa, M. M., Ceylan, H. İ., Hamaidi, J., Ghouili, H., Chtourou, H., Guelmami, N., Dergaa, I., Muntean, R. I., & Souissi, N. (2025) · BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s13102-025-01117-2 · Cited by 12
A hypoenergetic diet with decreased protein intake does not reduce lean body mass in trained females
Pearson, A. G., Alexander, L., Witard, O. C., Coughlin, T. E., Tipton, K. D., & Walshe, I. H. (2020) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-020-04555-7 · Cited by 8
Mouth Rinsing With a Pink Non-caloric, Artificially-Sweetened Solution Improves Self-Paced Running Performance and Feelings of Pleasure in Habitually Active Individuals
Brown, D., Cappozzo, F., Roeck, D. D., Zariwala, M. G., & Deb, S. K. (2021) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.678105 · Cited by 7
Bayesian Estimation of the Variation in Strength and Aerobic Physical Performances in Young Eumenorrheic Female College Students during a Menstrual Cycle
Shalfawi, S. A. I., & Kailani, G. E. (2021) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports9090130 · Cited by 7
“Females between the age of 13 and 50 experience fluctuations in endogenous sex hormones: among others, estrogen and progesterone [1,2].”
BackgroundInfluential
Relationship between Muscle Flexibility and Characteristics of Muscle Contraction in Healthy Women during Different Menstrual Phases
NAGAHORI, H., & Shida, N. (2022) · Physical Therapy Research · doi:10.1298/ptr.e10173 · Cited by 7
Acute Effects of Combined Lower-Body High-Intensity Interval Training and Upper-Body Strength Exercise on Explosive Strength Performance in Naturally Menstruating Women
Feuerbacher, J. F., Dragutinovic, B., Jacobs, M. W., & Schumann, M. (2023) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.2022-0377 · Cited by 8
The Effects of Space Flight and Microgravity Exposure on Female Astronaut Health and Performance
Strock, N. C., Rivas, E., & Goebel, K. (2023) · IEEE Aerospace Conference · doi:10.1109/aero55745.2023.10115765 · Cited by 4
“Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses indicate both aerobic and strength performance are minimally impacted by menstrual cycle phase [61, 62] with trivial reductions during the early follicular phase (effect size=0.”
Background
The Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Ovarian Axis, Menstrual and Oral Contraceptive Cycles: Regulation and Function in the Context of Exercise and Sport
Taipale, R. S., Ihalainen, J. K., Davis-Wilson, H. C., & Hackney, A. C. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-21881-1_1 · Cited by 9
The oral contraceptive cycle and its influences on maximal and submaximal endurance parameters in elite handball players
Mathy, A., Wessner, B., Haider, P., Tschan, H., & Triska, C. (2024) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2024.1305895 · Cited by 8
Influence of the Menstrual Cycle and Training on the Performance of a Perturbed Single-Leg Squatting Task in Female Collegiate Athletes
Johnson, K. A., & Shields, R. K. (2024) · Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/23259671241251720 · Cited by 6
“The body of evidence indicating a potential influence of the menstrual cycle on ACL injury, 21,22,46 exercise performance, 40 and adaptations to resistance training 51 is growing but remains limited by the low quality and low quantity of research in these areas.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Effect of a honey-sweetened beverage on muscle soreness and recovery of performance after exercise-induced muscle damage in strength-trained females
Hemmati, H., Alkasasbeh, W. J., Hemmatinafar, M., Salesi, M., Pirmohammadi, S., Imanian, B., & Rezaei, R. (2024) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2024.1426872 · Cited by 6
No Effect of Individualized Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation on 200-m or 400-m Freestyle-Swimming Time-Trial Performance in Well-Trained Athletes
Gurton, W. H., Dabin, L., & Marshall, S. J. (2024) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.2023-0535 · Cited by 8
The Effect of Proximity‐To‐Failure on Perceptual Responses to Resistance Training
Refalo, M. C., Helms, E. R., Hamilton, D. L., & Fyfe, J. J. (2025) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1002/ejsc.12266 · Cited by 8
Power in the flow: how menstrual experiences shape women's strength training performance
Augustsson, S. R., & Findhé-Malenica, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2025.1519825 · Cited by 6
Running Economy After a Low‐ and High‐Intensity Training Session in Naturally Menstruating Endurance‐Trained Female Athletes: The FENDURA Project
Docter, H., Taylor, M., Müller, A. L., de Koning, J. J., Sandbakk, Ø. B., Osborne, J. O., & Noordhof, D. A. (2025) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.70050 · Cited by 9
Perceptions and experiences of the menstrual cycle amongst elite adult and adolescent football players
Donnelly, J. E., Valentin, S., Easton, C., White, A. C., & Forrest, L. J. (2025) · Science and Medicine in Football · doi:10.1080/24733938.2025.2476485 · Cited by 6
“…high-lighted that very high-intensity running distances were greater during the luteal phase compared to the follicular phase in elite football players, a greater volume of high-quality evidence is required to support these findings and for a general consensus to be made (McNulty et al. 2020).”
Rating of perceived exertion in continuous sports: a scoping review with evidence gap map
Torres, G., Maia, F., Nakamura, F. Y., Neiva, H. P., & Sousa, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2025.1553998 · Cited by 6
Physical and Mental Recovery for Female Footballers: Considerations and Approaches for Better Practice
Howatson, G., Russell, S., Pedlar, C. R., & Halson, S. L. (2025) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-025-02246-x · Cited by 8
“Given the rise in popularity of women’s football, there is an increasing physical demand on these athletes [7] and concurrent increases in off-pitch demands that include opposition analysis, media involvements, travel to unfamiliar venues, fixture congestion, family and caring responsibilities, and…”
Monitoring Menstrual Health in Footballers: Considerations for Tracking Menstrual and Hormonal Contraceptive Cycles in the Field to Support Performance
Mikkonen, R. S., Ihalainen, J. K., Bruinvels, G., Mkumbuzi, N. S., Smith‐Ryan, A. E., Kaikkonen, M., Kasongo, M., & Hackney, A. C. (2025) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-025-02338-8 · Cited by 7
“That is, current evidence suggests that strength/endurance performance does not markedly change over the menstrual cycle [149] or hormonal contraceptive cycle [150]; however, the quality of research behind these findings is relatively low [149, 150], thus limiting our ability to draw robust…”
Menstrual Cycle-Related Symptoms and Disorders and Their Impact on Physical, Psychosocial, and Environmental Determinants of Exercise Performance: A Scoping Review
Stitelmann, A., Bruyneel, A.-V., Enéa, C., & Boisseau, N. (2026) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-026-02412-9 · Cited by 6
“Indeed, cyclical fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone have traditionally been viewed as the main drivers of exercise performance variation [16, 17]; however, findings remain inconsistent in systematic reviews and meta-analyses [18–21].”
Fasting-Mimicking-Diet does not reduce skeletal muscle function in healthy young adults: a randomized control trial
Nardon, M., Venturelli, M., Ruzzante, F., Longo, V. D., & Bertucco, M. (2022) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-021-04867-2 · Cited by 6
The perceived influence of menstrual cycle and hormonal contraceptives on training and performance: Comparison between football, handball, and orienteering
Ekenros, L., Rosen, P., Solli, G. S., Sandbakk, Ø. B., Holmberg, H., Hirschberg, A. L., & Fridén, C. (2023) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1177/17479541231216403 · Cited by 7
The Autoregulation Rest-Redistribution Training Method Mitigates Sex Differences in Neuromuscular and Perceived Fatigue During Resistance Training
Iacono, A. D., Watson, K., & Jukić, I. (2024) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.2023-0357 · Cited by 6
Influence of Bushen Tiaochong Cycle Therapy on Th1/Th2 Deviation, Sex Hormone Level, and Pregnancy Outcome of Alloimmune Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion
Wang, P., Jiang, G., Ju, W., Cai, Y., Wang, J., & Wu, F. (2021) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2021/8624414 · Cited by 6
Retracted
Determinants of whole-body maximal aerobic performance in young male and female athletes: The roles of lower extremity muscle size, strength and power
Yamagishi, T., Saito, A., & Kawakami, Y. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0262507 · Cited by 6
“We could obtain the completed questionnaires from 14 out of 19 athletes, and the phases of their cycles were as follows: 1 early follicular, 3 late follicular, 1 ovulatory, 3 early luteal, and 4 late luteal phases [23].”
Method
The Acute Effect of Various Feedback Approaches on Sprint Performance, Motivation, and Affective Mood States in Highly Trained Female Athletes: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Bella, L. D., Doma, K., Sinclair, W. H., & Connor, J. D. (2023) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.2022-0320 · Cited by 6
Does the Menstrual Cycle Impact the Maximal Neuromuscular Capacities of Women? An Analysis Before and After a Graded Treadmill Test to Exhaustion
Morenas‐Aguilar, M. D., Ruiz‐Alias, S. A., Blanco, A. M., Lago‐Fuentes, C., García‐Pinillos, F., & Pérez‐Castilla, A. (2023) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000004542 · Cited by 6
“The rise of women ’ s sports may benefit from female physiology – specific research on performance, being the menstrual cycle (MC) as one of the most explored topics (23).”
Background
Reliability and measurement error of exercise-induced hypoalgesia in pain-free adults and adults with musculoskeletal pain: A systematic review
Aron, V., Strul, D., Vægter, H. B., Pitance, L., & Armijo-Olivo, S. L. (2024) · Scandinavian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1515/sjpain-2023-0104 · Cited by 6
Menstrual pattern and contraceptive choices of Portuguese athletes
Coutinho, F., Rebelo‐Marques, A., Andrade, R., Espregueira‐Mendes, J., Bombas, T., & Moura, P. (2021) · The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care · doi:10.1080/13625187.2021.1879780 · Cited by 6
“Despite the increasing number of publications on the influence of menstrual cycle and contraception in sports performance [7,10], there are no relevant publications for the Portuguese population.”
Background
Impact of Repeated Acute Exposures to Low and Moderate Exercise-Induced Hypohydration on Physiological and Subjective Responses and Endurance Performance
Deshayes, T. A., Daigle, N., Jeker, D., Lamontagne-Lacasse, M., Perreault-Briere, M., Claveau, P., Simoneau, I. L., Chamoux, E., & Goulet, E. D. B. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13124477 · Cited by 6
“However, (1) the menstrual cycle phase seems to have no or trivial effect on endurance performance [53,54] but (2) may impact internal temperature differently [55].”
Background
Critical power, W′ and W′ reconstitution in women and men
Bourgois, G., Mucci, P., Boone, J., Colosio, A. L., Bourgois, J., Pogliaghi, S., & Caen, K. (2023) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-023-05268-3 · Cited by 10
“Although the physiological responses to exercise performance can slightly differ across the menstrual cycle (McNulty et al. 2020), it has been shown ) in the lower panel that the power–duration relationship did not vary across the menstrual cycle in eumenorrheic women (James et al. 2022).”
Background

Authors: McNulty, K. L., Elliott-Sale, K. J., Dolan, E., Swinton, P. A., Ansdell, P., Goodall, S., Thomas, K., & Hicks, K. M.
Affiliations: Northumbria University (GB)
Nottingham Trent University (GB)
Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
Robert Gordon University (GB)
Corresponding author: Elliott-Sale, Kirsty Jayne
ORCID: McNulty, Kelly Lee
Elliott-Sale, Kirsty Jayne
Dolan, Eimear
Swinton, Paul Alan
Ansdell, Paul
Goodall, Stuart
Thomas, Kevin
Hicks, Kirsty Marie
Venue: Sports Medicine
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2020-07-13
Volume: 50
Issue: 10
Pages: 1813-1827
ISSN: 0112-1642 (ISSN-L)
1179-2035
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01319-3
PMC: PMC7497427
OpenAlex: W3038797657
Cited by: 812
References: 127
Citations by year: 2026: 183 · 2025: 181 · 2024: 153 · 2023: 136 · 2022: 72 · 2021: 70 · 2020: 17
FWCI: 14.50
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (vor)
Locations: Sports Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Nottingham Trent University's Institutional Repository (Nottingham Trent Repository) (acceptedVersion)
Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University) (acceptedVersion)
Open Access Institutional Repository at Robert Gordon University (Robert Gordon University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (19/05616-6, 2019/, 2019/05616)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Menstrual Health and Disorders
Keywords: menstrual cycle phases, exercise performance, eumenorrheic women, sex hormones, follicular phase, luteal phase, endurance performance, strength performance
MeSH terms: Female, Humans, Menstrual Cycle, Exercise, Athletic Performance

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The Effects of Menstrual Cycle Phase on Exercise Performance in Eumenorrheic Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Figures

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks