Incorporating food addiction into disordered eating: The disordered eating food addiction nutrition guide (DEFANG)
Open accessAbstract
Although not formally recognized by the DSM-5, food addiction (FA) has been well described in the scientific literature. FA has emerged as a clinical entity that is recognized within the spectrum of disordered eating, particularly in patients with bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder and/or co-occurring addictive disorders and obesity. Integrating the concept of FA into the scope of disordered eating has been challenging for ED treatment professionals, since there is no well-accepted treatment model. The confusion surrounding the implications of FA, as well as the impact of the contemporary Westernized diet, may contribute to poor treatment outcomes. The purpose of this review is twofold. The first is to briefly explore the relationships between EDs and addictions, and the second is to propose a new model of conceptualizing and treating EDs that incorporates recent data on FA. Since treatment for EDs should vary based on individual assessment and diagnosis, the Disordered Eating Food Addiction Nutrition Guide (DEFANG) is presented as a tool for framing treatment goals and helping patients achieve sustainable recovery.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Newly proposed models suggest that clinicians go beyond a no dieting approach for all eating disorder presentations and should incorporate addiction neuroscience.
“Newly proposed models suggest that clinicians go beyond a “no dieting” approach for all ED presentations and should incorporate addiction neuroscience [46,47].”
From Separating the Signal from the Noise: How Psychiatric Diagnoses Can Help Discern Food Addiction from Dietary Restraint (2020) · cites this paper as [47]
The DEFANG (2017) was the first effort to disentangle food addiction from more classic eating disorder pathology by incorporating the presence or history of substance use disorder into the nutrition intake process.
“The DEFANG (2017) was the first effort to disentangle FA from more classic ED pathology by incorporating the presence or history of SUD into the nutrition intake process [47].”
From Separating the Signal from the Noise: How Psychiatric Diagnoses Can Help Discern Food Addiction from Dietary Restraint (2020) · cites this paper as [47]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369 · see citing works
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,841 · see citing works
An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest
Turnbaugh, P. J., Ley, R. E., Mahowald, M. A., Magrini, V., Mardis, E. R., & Gordon, J. I. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05414 · Cited by 12,444 · see citing works
Gut–brain axis: How the microbiome influences anxiety and depression
Foster, J. A., & McVey Neufeld, K.-A. (2013) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2013.01.005 · Cited by 2,460 · see citing works
Artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering the gut microbiota
Suez, J., Korem, T., Zeevi, D., Zilberman-Schapira, G., Thaiss, C. A., Maza, O., Israeli, D., Zmora, N., Gilad, S., Weinberger, A., et al. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13793 · Cited by 2,067 · see citing works
How can drug addiction help us understand obesity?
Volkow, N. D., & Wise, R. A. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1452 · Cited by 1,089 · see citing works
Comparison of Weight Loss Among Named Diet Programs in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Meta-analysis
Johnston, B. C., Kanters, S., Bandayrel, K., Wu, P., Naji, F., Siemieniuk, R. A., Ball, G. D. C., Busse, J. W., Thorlund, K., Guyatt, G., et al. (2014) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2014.10397 · Cited by 704 · see citing works
Which Foods May Be Addictive? The Roles of Processing, Fat Content, and Glycemic Load
LaFata, E. M., Avena, N. M., & Gearhardt, A. N. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117959 · Cited by 653 · see citing works
The Prevalence of Food Addiction as Assessed by the Yale Food Addiction Scale: A Systematic Review
Pursey, K., Stanwell, P., Gearhardt, A. N., Collins, C. E., & Burrows, T. L. (2014) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu6104552 · Cited by 548 · see citing works
Evidence that ‘food addiction’ is a valid phenotype of obesity
Davis, C. A., Curtis, C., Levitan, R. D., Carter, J. C., Kaplan, A. S., & Kennedy, J. L. (2011) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2011.08.017 · Cited by 539 · see citing works
An examination of the food addiction construct in obese patients with binge eating disorder
Gearhardt, A. N., White, M. A., Masheb, R. M., MORGAN, P. T., Crosby, R. D., & Grilo, C. M. (2011) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20957 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Food and Drug Reward: Overlapping Circuits in Human Obesity and Addiction
Volkow, N. D., Wang, G. J., Fowler, J. S., Tomasi, D., & Baler, R. (2011) · Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2011_169 · Cited by 525 · see citing works
Prevalence of Alcohol Use Disorders Before and After Bariatric Surgery
King, W. C., Chen, J.-Y., Mitchell, J. E., Kalarchian, M. A., Steffen, K. J., Engel, S. G., Courcoulas, A. P., Pories, W. J., & Yanovski, S. Z. (2012) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2012.6147 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
The D <sub>2</sub> Dopamine Receptor Gene as a Determinant of Reward Deficiency Syndrome
Blum, K., Sheridan, P. J., Wood, R. C., Braverman, E. R., Chen, T. J. H., phd, J. G. C., & Comings, D. E. (1996) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/014107689608900711 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
Val‐Laillet, D., Aarts, E., Weber, B., Ferrari, M., Quaresima, V., Stoeckel, L. E., Alonso‐Alonso, M., Audette, M. A., Malbert, C., & Stice, E. M. (2015) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2015.03.016 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
Eating disorders, trauma, and comorbidity: focus on PTSD
Brewerton, T. D. (2007) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640260701454311 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Self-citationNew-found link between microbiota and obesity
Chakraborti, C. K. (2015) · World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology · doi:10.4291/wjgp.v6.i4.110 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Ghrelin directly targets the ventral tegmental area to increase food motivation.
Skibicka, K., Hansson, C., Álvarez-Crespo, M., Friberg, P., & Dickson, S. (2011) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.02.016 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Metabolic effects of non-nutritive sweeteners
Pepino, M. Y. (2015) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.06.024 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Shared and unique mechanisms underlying binge eating disorder and addictive disorders
Schulte, E. M., Grilo, C. M., & Gearhardt, A. N. (2016) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.02.001 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
The changing demographic profile of eating disorder behaviors in the community
Mitchison, D., Hay, P., Slewa‐Younan, S., & Mond, J. (2014) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-943 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Alcohol Use Disorder Comorbidity in Eating Disorders
Bulik, C. M., Klump, K. L., Thornton, L. M., Kaplan, A. S., Devlin, B., Fichter, M. M., Halmi, K. A., Strober, M. A., Woodside, D. B., Crow, S. J., et al. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v65n0718 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Body checking in the eating disorders: Associations between cognitions and behaviors
Mountford, V. A., Haase, A. M., & Waller, G. (2006) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20279 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
The role of the central ghrelin system in reward from food and chemical drugs
Dickson, S. L., Egecioglu, E., Landgren, S., Skibicka, K. P., Engel, J. A., & Jerlhag, E. (2011) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2011.02.017 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Burmeister, J. M., Hinman, N. G., Koball, A. M., Hoffmann, D. A., & Carels, R. A. (2012) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2012.09.013 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Regulation of energy balance by a gut–brain axis and involvement of the gut microbiota
Bauer, P. V., Hamr, S. C., & Duca, F. A. (2015) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-015-2083-z · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Tennoune, N., Chan, P., Breton, J., Legrand, R., Chabane, Y. N., Akkermann, K., Järv, A., Ouelaa, W., Takagi, K., Ghouzali, I., et al. (2014) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2014.98 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
The role of the gut microbiota in metabolic health
Janssen, A. W. F., & Kersten, S. (2015) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.14-269514 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Biological mechanisms that promote weight regain following weight loss in obese humans
Ochner, C. N., M.S, D. M. B., Lee, C. D., & Pi-Sunyer, X. (2013) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.07.009 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Harrop, E. N., & Marlatt, G. A. (2009) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.12.016 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Does dieting make you fat? A twin study
Pietiläinen, K. H., Saarni, S. E., Kaprio, J., & Rissanen, A. (2012) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.160 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Davis, C. A. (2013) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-013-0049-8 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Granero, R., Hilker, I., Agüera, Z., Jiménez‐Murcia, S., Sauchelli, S., Islam, M. A., Fagundo, A. B., Sánchez, I., Riesco, N., Dieguez, C., et al. (2014) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2311 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Reaching Perinatal Women Online: The<i>Healthy You, Healthy Baby</i>Website and App
Hearn, L., Miller, M., & Lester, L. (2014) · Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1155/2014/573928 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Guo, J., Simmons, W. K., Herscovitch, P., Martin, A. D., & Hall, K. D. (2014) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2014.102 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Food, eating, and weight concerns of men in recovery from substance addiction
Cowan, J., & Devine, C. (2008) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2007.05.006 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Food Addiction and Bulimia Nervosa
Meule, A., von Rezori, V., & Blechert, J. (2014) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2306 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Aloi, M., Rania, M., Caroleo, M., Bruni, A., Palmieri, A., Cauteruccio, M. A., Fazio, P. D., & Segura‐Garcìa, C. (2015) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-015-0395-z · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Substance use disorders in women with anorexia nervosa
Root, T. L., Pinheiro, A. P., Thornton, L. M., Strober, M. A., Fernández‐Aranda, F., Brandt, H., Crawford, S. F., Fichter, M. M., Halmi, K. A., Johnson, C., et al. (2009) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20670 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Exploration of “Food Addiction” in overweight and obese treatment-seeking adults
Eichen, D. M., Lent, M. R., Goldbacher, E. M., & Foster, G. D. (2013) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2013.03.008 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Baker, J. H., Mitchell, K. S., Neale, M. C., & Kendler, K. S. (2010) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20856 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Duarte, C., Pinto‐Gouveia, J., & Ferreira, C. (2014) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2014.08.025 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
How Relevant is Food Craving to Obesity and Its Treatment?
Potenza, M. N., & Grilo, C. M. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00164 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Reinforcement Pathology and Obesity
Carr, K. A., Daniel, T. O., Lin, H. C., & Epstein, L. H. (2011) · Current Drug Abuse Reviews · doi:10.2174/1874473711104030190 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Benton, D., & Young, H. A. (2016) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2016.9 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
The skinny on cocaine: Insights into eating behavior and body weight in cocaine-dependent men
Ersche, K. D., Štochl, J., Woodward, J. M., & Fletcher, P. C. (2013) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2013.07.011 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Eating Disorders, Addictions and Substance Use Disorders
Brewerton, T. D., & Baker Dennis, A. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-45378-6 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citationFood Addiction and Obesity: Evidence from Bench to Bedside
Liu, Y., von Deneen, K. M., Kobeissy, F. H., & Gold, M. S. (2010) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2010.10400686 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Becker, D. F., & Grilo, C. M. (2015) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.01.016 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Food addiction and body-mass-index: A non-linear relationship
Meule, A. (2012) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2012.07.005 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Boggiano, M. M., Burgess, E. E., Turan, B., Soleymani, T., Daniel, S., Vinson, L. D., Lokken, K., Wingo, B. C., & Morse, A. (2014) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2014.08.026 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Duarte, C., Ferreira, C., & Pinto‐Gouveia, J. (2016) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.01.003 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Jayasinghe, T. N., Chiavaroli, V., Holland, D. J., Cutfield, W. S., & O'Sullivan, J. M. (2016) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2016.00015 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Body checking in the eating disorders: Associations between cognitions and behaviors
Mountford, V, Haase, A., & Waller, G. (2006) · Explore Bristol Research · doi:10.1002/eat · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Association of dopamine D2 receptor and leptin receptor genes with clinically severe obesity
Carpenter, C. L., Wong, A., Li, Z., Noble, E. P., & Heber, D. (2013) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.20202 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Wolz, I., Hilker, I., Granero, R., Jiménez-Murcia, S., Gearhardt, A. N., Dieguez, C., Casanueva, F. F., Crujeiras, A. B., Menchón, J. M., & Fernández-Aranda, F. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00061 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Effective treatment of eating disorders: Results at multiple sites
Bergh, C., Callmar, M., Danemar, S., Hölcke, M., Isberg, S., Leon, M., Lindgren, J., Lundqvist, Å., Niinimaa, M., Olofsson, B., et al. (2013) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/a0034921 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Posttraumatic stress disorder and disordered eating: food addiction as self-medication
Brewerton, T. D. (2011) · Journal of Women's Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2011.3050 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationHormonal and Dietary Characteristics in Obese Human Subjects with and without Food Addiction
Pedram, P., & Sun, G. (2014) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu7010223 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Albayrak, Ö., Wölfle, S., & Hebebrand, J. (2012) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000338310 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Does impulsivity predict outcome in treatment for binge eating disorder? A multimodal investigation
Manasse, S. M., Espel, H. M., Schumacher, L. M., Kerrigan, S. G., Zhang, F., Forman, E. M., & Juarascio, A. S. (2016) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2016.05.026 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Pérez, M., & Warren, C. S. (2011) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2011.89 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Public Views on Food Addiction and Obesity: Implications for Policy and Treatment
Lee, N. M., Lucke, J. C., Hall, W., Meurk, C., Boyle, F. M., & Carter, A. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0074836 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Klatzkin, R. R., Gaffney, S., Cyrus, K., Bigus, E., & Brownley, K. A. (2015) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.01.018 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Brewerton, T. D., Rance, S. J., Dansky, B. S., O'Neil, P. M., & Kilpatrick, D. G. (2014) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22309 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationFrom Disordered Eating to Addiction: The “Food Drug” in Bulimia Nervosa
Umberg, E. N., Shader, R. I., Hsu, L. K. G., & Greenblatt, D. J. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0b013e318252464f · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Kellerer, M., Lammers, R., Fritsche, A., Strack, V., Machicao, F. E., Borboni, P., Ullrich, A., & Häring, H. (2001) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s001250100614 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Fowler, L. A., Ivezaj, V., & Saules, K. K. (2014) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2014.06.009 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Classifying eating disorders based on “healthy” and “unhealthy” perfectionism and impulsivity
Landt, M., Claes, L., & van Furth, E. F. (2016) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22557 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Baker, J. H., Mazzeo, S. E., & Kendler, K. S. (2007) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20472 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Comparing the effects of food restriction and overeating on brain reward systems
Avena, N. M., Murray, S. M., & Gold, M. S. (2013) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2013.03.006 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Ketorolac and Meperidine in the Relief of Dental Pain
Fricke, J. R., Angelocci, D., Fox, K. M., McHugh, D., BYNUM, L. J., & Yee, J. P. (1992) · The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1992.tb03850.x · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Ivezaj, V., Kalebjian, R., Grilo, C. M., & Barnes, R. D. (2014) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.05.006 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Eating disorders in female inpatients with versus without substance use disorders
Grilo, C. M., Levy, K. N., Becker, D. F., Edell, W. S., & McGlashan, T. H. (1995) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/0306-4603(94)00065-4 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Recent Advances in Neuroimaging to Model Eating Disorder Neurobiology
Frank, G. (2015) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-015-0559-z · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Emergence of N ew O nset substance use disorders among post‐weight loss surgery patients
Wiedemann, A. A., Saules, K. K., & Ivezaj, V. (2013) · Clinical Obesity · doi:10.1111/cob.12034 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Food addiction-diagnosis and treatment.
Dimitrijević, I., Popović, N., Sabljak, V., Škodrić-Trifunović, V., & Dimitrijević, N. (2015) · PubMed · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Improving Prediction of Binge Episodes by Modelling Chronicity of Dietary Restriction
Holmes, M., Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz, M., Skouteris, H., & Broadbent, J. (2014) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2315 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Emerson, M. H., Glovsky, E., Amaro, H. D. L. A., & Nieves, R. (2009) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826080802494750 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Bulimic Behaviors and Alcohol Use: Shared Genetic Influences
Slane, J. D., Burt, S. A., & Klump, K. L. (2012) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10519-012-9525-2 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Disordered eating in obese individuals
Marcus, M. D., & Wildes, J. E. (2014) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000103 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Binge Eating Behavior and Weight Loss Maintenance over a 2-Year Period
Pacanowski, C. R., Senso, M. M., Oriogun, K., Crain, A. L., & Sherwood, N. E. (2014) · Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1155/2014/249315 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Moran, A., Musicus, A., Soo, J., Gearhardt, A. N., Gollust, S. E., & Roberto, C. A. (2016) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.06.018 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Food Addiction: An Evolving Nonlinear Science
Shriner, R. L., & Gold, M. S. (2014) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu6115370 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Examining the utility of narrowing anorexia nervosa subtypes for adults
Peterson, C. B., Pisetsky, E. M., Swanson, S. A., Crosby, R. D., Mitchell, J. E., Wonderlich, S. A., Grange, D. L., Hill, L., Powers, P. S., & Crow, S. J. (2016) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.02.010 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Changes in Reward after Gastric Bypass: the Advantages and Disadvantages
Scholtz, S., Goldstone, A. P., & le Roux, C. W. (2015) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-015-0534-5 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Kilwein, T. M., Goodman, E. L., Looby, A., & De Young, K. P. (2016) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22534 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Belief in a concerned god predicts response to treatment for adults with clinical depression
Murphy, P. E., & Fitchett, G. A. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.20598 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
How do people define moderation?
vanDellen, M. R., Isherwood, J. C., & Delose, J. E. (2016) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2016.03.010 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Emerson, M., Glovsky, E., Amaro, H. D. L. A., et al. (2009) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.3109/10826080802494750 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Elmquist, J., Shorey, R., Anderson, S., Temple, J. R., & Stuart, G. L. (2016) · Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment · doi:10.4137/sart.s33396 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Are Eating Disorders Addictions?
Brewerton, T. D. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-45378-6_13 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of acute alcohol intoxication on eating‐related urges among women with bulimia nervosa
Bruce, K. R., Steiger, H., Israël, M., Kin, N. M. K. N. Y., Hakim, J. C.-E., Schwartz, D., Richardson, J., & Mansour, S. (2010) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20834 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sugar Addiction: From Evolution to Revolution
Wiss, D. A., Avena, N. M., & Rada, P. V. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00545 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Self-citationTreasure, J. L., Leslie, M. R., Chami, R., & Fernández‐Aranda, F. (2018) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2578 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Food addiction, orthorexia, and food-related stress among dietetics students
Grammatikopoulou, M. G., Gkiouras, K., Markaki, A. G., Theodoridis, X., Tsakiri, V., Mavridis, P., Dardavessis, T., & Chourdakis, M. (2018) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-018-0514-1 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Aloi, M., Rania, M., Rodríguez, R. C., Jiménez‐Múrcia, S., Fernández‐Aranda, F., Fazio, P. D., & Segura‐Garcìa, C. (2017) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-017-0421-x · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Evaluation of disordered eating tendencies in young adults
Şanlıer, N., Varlı, S. N., Macit, M. S., Mortaş, H., & Tatar, T. (2017) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-017-0430-9 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Disordered Eating Among Individuals with Excess Weight: a Review of Recent Research
Nightingale, B. A., & Cassin, S. E. (2019) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-019-00333-5 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Wiss, D. A., Avena, N., & Gold, M. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12113521 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationWiss, D., & Brewerton, T. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12102937 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationCassin, S., Leung, S. E., Hawa, R., Wnuk, S. M., Jackson, T., & Sockalingam, S. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12102905 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Aloi, M., Verrastro, V., Rania, M., Sacco, R., Fernández‐Aranda, F., Jiménez‐Múrcia, S., Fazio, P. D., & Segura‐Garcìa, C. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03022 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Psychosocial Interventions for Food Addiction: A Systematic Review
Cassin, S. E., Sijercic, I., & Montemarano, V. (2020) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-020-00295-y · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Is food addiction a predictor of treatment outcome among patients with eating disorder?
Romero, X., Agüera, Z., Granero, R., Sánchez, I., Riesco, N., Jiménez‐Murcia, S., Gisbert‐Rodriguez, M., Sánchez‐González, J., Casalé, G., Baenas, I., et al. (2019) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2705 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Ben‐Porat, T., Weiss, R., Dagan, S. S., Rottenstreich, A., Kaluti, D., Khalaileh, A., Gazala, M. A., Ben-Anat, T. Z., Mintz, Y., Sakran, N., et al. (2020) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-020-05010-4 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Khalil, R. B., Sleilaty, G., Richa, S., Sénèque, M., Iceta, S., Rodgers, R. F., Alacreu‐Crespo, A., Maı̈moun, L., Lefebvre, P., Renard, É., et al. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12102969 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Ultra-Processed Foods and Mental Health: Where Do Eating Disorders Fit into the Puzzle?
Wiss, D. A., & LaFata, E. M. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16121955 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationSpierling, S. R., Kreisler, A. D., Williams, C. A., Fang, S. Y., Pucci, S. N., Kines, K. T., & Zorrilla, E. P. (2018) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.04.001 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Wiss, D. A. (2022) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-022-00411-0 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationImperatori, C., Innamorati, M., Lester, D., Continisio, M., Balsamo, M., Saggino, A., & Fabbricatore, M. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9111259 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Florio, L., Lassi, D. L. S., Périco, C. D. A.-M., Vignoli, N. G., Torales, J. C., Ventriglio, A., & Castaldelli-Maia, J. M. (2022) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000001555 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Influence of biomedical education on health and eating habits of university students in Spain
Muñoz‐Rodríguez, J. R., Castro, J. L., Ballesteros‐Yáñez, I., Pérez‐Ortiz, J. M., Romero, F. J. G., Calvo, F. J. R., Alguacil, L. F., & Castillo, C. A. (2021) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2021.111181 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Wiss, D. A., Brewerton, T. D., & Tomiyama, A. J. (2021) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-021-01293-3 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationCompulsive eating behaviors in Parkinson’s disease
de Chazeron, I., Durif, F., Chéreau, I., Fantini, M. L., Marquès, A., Derost, P., Debilly, B., Brousse, G., Boirie, Y., & Llorca, P. (2019) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-019-00648-1 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Burrows, T. L., Verdejo‐García, A., Carter, A., Brown, R. M., Andrews, Z. B., Dayas, C. V., Hardman, C. A., Loxton, N. J., Sumithran, P., & Whatnall, M. C. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12092860 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Overeaters Anonymous: An Overlooked Intervention for Binge Eating Disorder
Bray, B., Martin, B., Wiss, D. A., Bray, C. E., & Zwickey, H. L. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18147303 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Role of Nutrition in Addiction Recovery
Wiss, D. A. (2019) · The Assessment and Treatment of Addiction · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-54856-4.00002-x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationPeters, T., Antel, J., Föcker, M., Esber, S., Hinney, A., Schéle, E., Dickson, S. L., Albayrak, Ö., & Hebebrand, J. (2018) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2637 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
An addiction‐based digital weight loss intervention: A multi‐centre randomized controlled trial
Vidmar, A. P., Salvy, S., Wee, C. P., Pretlow, R. A., Fox, D. S., Yee, J. K., Garell, C. L., Glasner, S. V., & Mittelman, S. D. (2022) · Pediatric Obesity · doi:10.1111/ijpo.12990 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
French validation of the addiction-like eating behavior scale and its clinical implication
Legendre, M., & Bégin, C. (2020) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-020-01039-7 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Pretlow, R. A., Stock, C. M., Roeger, L. S., & Allison, S. C. (2020) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-019-00836-z · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Kirson, D., Bagsic, S. R. S., Murphy, J., Chang, H., Vlkolinský, R., Pucci, S. N., Prinzi, J., Williams, C. A., Fang, S. Y., Roberto, M., et al. (2022) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.108980 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Skinner, J. A., Whatnall, M. C., Leary, M., Collins, R. A., Pursey, K., Verdejo‐García, A., Hay, P., Baker, A., Hides, L. M., Paxton, S. J., et al. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064151 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Body uneasiness is associated with food addiction symptoms: A cross‐sectional study
Imperatori, C., Innamorati, M., Lamis, D. A., Farina, B., Fabbricatore, M., & Contardi, A. (2018) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2640 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Wiss, D. A., & LaFata, E. M. (2025) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2025.107938 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationSultana, S., Islam, M. S., Sayeed, A., Koly, K. N., Baker, K., Hossain, R., Ahmed, S., Ferdous, M. Z., Mubarak, M., Potenza, M. N., et al. (2022) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-022-00680-0 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Treasure, J. L., & Eid, L. (2019) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000550 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Diet quality and eating behaviors of college-attending young adults with food addiction
Wattick, R. A., Olfert, M. D., Hagedorn, R. L., Barr, M. L., Claydon, E. A., & Brode, C. S. (2023) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101710 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Dennis, K., Barrera, S., Bishop, N., Nguyen, C., & Brewerton, T. D. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16132019 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationIceta, S., Benoit, J., Cristini, P., Lambert-Porcheron, S., Segrestin, B., Laville, M., Poulet, E., & Disse, E. (2019) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-019-0360-x · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Altered anticipatory brain responses in eating disorders: A neuroimaging meta‐analysis
Yu, X., & Desriviéres, S. (2023) · European eating disorders review · doi:10.1002/erv.2967 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Features of Addiction in Binge-Eating Disorder: Considerations for Screening and Treatment
Paul, A. M., Ghanta, A., & Chao, A. M. (2023) · Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation · doi:10.2147/sar.s391636 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Skinner, J. A., Leary, M., Whatnall, M. C., Hay, P., Paxton, S. J., Collins, C. E., & Burrows, T. L. (2025) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-025-01241-x · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Butt, M., Ssentongo, P., Rogers, A. M., & Rigby, A. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15153474 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Maltais-Lévesque, C., Legendre, M., & Bégin, C. (2025) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-025-01193-2 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Food Addiction and Associated Factors Among High School Students in Turkey
Candan, H. D. (2018) · Journal of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.14744/phd.2018.97759 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Addressing controversies surrounding food addiction
Mestre‐Bach, G., Jiménez‐Múrcia, S., Fernández‐Aranda, F., & Potenza, M. N. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816207-1.00014-7 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Usta, E., & Pehli̇van, M. (2021) · Konuralp Tıp Dergisi · doi:10.18521/ktd.897251 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Şanlıer, N., Başer, F., Mortaş, H., Varlı, S. N., Macit, M. S., & Tatar, T. (2017) · Ecology of Food and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/03670244.2017.1388232 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Abstinence-based treatment of comorbid eating disorders and ultra-processed food addiction
Thompson, S. P., Jacobs, M. J., & Wiss, D. A. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1586490 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationGökmen, B. D., & Yılmaz, G. (2021) · Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.5152/pcp.2021.21225 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Cassin, S. E., Leung, S., Hawa, R., Wnuk, S., Jackson, T., & Sockalingam, S. (2022) · doi:10.32920/21397527 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Alzahuf, S. M. H., Ahmed, E. A. Z. E., Badwyi, J. A., Alkhalifa, M. A., Albinessa, M. A., Bashandi, A. A., Alanazi, D. M., Alawad, F. H., & Alhodibi, M. (2024) · Journal of Advanced Trends in Medical Research · doi:10.4103/atmr.atmr_104_24 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Santiago, V. A., & Cassin, S. E. (2026) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-025-01522-5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Santiago, V. A., Cassin, S. E., Sockalingam, S., & Carter, A. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-92392-1_158 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Highly Palatable and Hypercaloric Foods Chronic Intake Impair Food Control
Hagen, M. E. K., de Macedo, I. C., Thoen, R. U., Fernandes, R. O., Goularte, J. F., Sanvitto, G. L., & Torres, I. L. D. S. (2023) · Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano · doi:10.18316/sdh.v11i1.9605 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Food Addiction in Children and Adolescents
Torun, Y. T., & İçen, S. (2024) · Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi / Turkish Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.4274/tjcamh.galenos.2021.44227 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Psychological, Behavioral, and Pharmacological Treatments for Binge Eating Disorder
Chao, A. M., & Grilo, C. M. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190671051.003.0043 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Dietary Restraint and Food Addiction
Wiss, D. A., & Tomiyama, A. J. (2024) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190671051.003.0013 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationCan Intuitive Eating Be Helpful to Individuals with Ultra-Processed Food Addiction?
Wiss, D. A., & Brewerton, T. D. (2025) · doi:10.1093/med/9780197688908.003.0009 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationEvidence to action: a perspective on treatment approaches for food addiction
Skinner, J. A., Leary, M., Whatnall, M. C., & Burrows, T. L. (2025) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/s41430-025-01668-0 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Wiss, D. A., & Logan, A. C. (2026) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-026-01618-6 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationHagen, M. E. K., de Macedo, I. C., Thoen, R. U., Fernandes, R. O., Goularte, J. F., Sanvitto, G. L., & Torres, I. L. D. S. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-367502/v1
Santiago, V. A., Cassin, S. E., Sockalingam, S., & Carter, A. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-67928-6_158-1
Cuzzolaro, M. (2017) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47685-8_18-1
Cuzzolaro, M. (2019) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46933-1_18
Cassin, S. E., Leung, S., Hawa, R., Wnuk, S., Jackson, T., & Sockalingam, S. (2022) · doi:10.32920/21397527.v1
Food Addiction in Anorexia Nervosa
Iceta, S., & Bégin, C. (2024) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190671051.003.0012
Tarman, V. I., & Wiss, D. A. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1848242
Self-citation
- Authors
- Wiss, D. A., & Brewerton, T. D.
- Affiliations
- Medical University of South Carolina (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wiss, David A.
- Venue
- Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity
- Published
- 2016-12-10
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 49-59
- ISSN
- 1124-4909 (ISSN-L)
- 1590-1262
- PMC
- PMC5334442
- OpenAlex
- W2560051844
- Cited by
- 68
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5
- FWCI
- 0.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Keywords
- food addiction, disordered eating, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, addiction, obesity, treatment model, Western diet, treatment goals, recovery
- MeSH terms
- Feeding and Eating Disorders, Feeding Behavior, Humans, Behavior, Addictive
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
