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Cited by 105Diet, Metabolism, and DiseaseDietary Effects on HealthRegulation of Appetite and Obesity

Extended effects of evening meal carbohydrate-to-fat ratio on fasting and postprandial substrate metabolism

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Robertson, M Denise, Henderson, R Alex, Vist, Gunn E, Rumsey, R David E·2002·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
DOI 10.1093/ajcn/75.3.505
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Abstract

Background High-fat and high-carbohydrate diets lead to insulin resistance, gastrointestinal adaptation, and high plasma triacylglycerol concentrations. It is unclear, however, how rapidly these changes occur. Objective We sought to determine the effects of both high-fat and high-carbohydrate evening meals on parameters of insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, and gastrointestinal hormones. Design Twelve healthy men were studied on 4 separate occasions. On 2 occasions, the subjects received a high-fat evening meal (62% of energy from fat) and on the other 2 occasions the subjects received a low-fat evening meal (16% of energy from fat). The morning after each meal the subjects were administered either an oral-fat-tolerance test or an oral-glucose-tolerance test. Plasma samples were analyzed for glucose, insulin, fatty acids, 3-hydroxybutyrate, triacylglycerol, pancreatic polypeptide, peptide YY, and cholecystokinin. Postchallenge data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance with interaction and fasting concentrations analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results Fasting plasma concentrations of triacylglycerol were significantly elevated 12 h after each evening meal, but fatty acid and 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were reduced. No effects on glucose or insulin concentrations were detected. The high-fat evening meals elevated plasma cholecystokinin concentrations, reduced fasting concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide, and had no significant effect on peptide YY concentrations. The ratio of fat to carbohydrate in the evening meal produced significant effects on plasma triacylglycerol and fatty acids during both the oral-fat-tolerance and oral-glucose-tolerance tests. Conclusions The present study showed that the effects of high-fat and high-carbohydrate evening meals persist at least overnight and suggests that knowledge of recent dietary history is essential to the effective design of metabolic studies.

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Crossref · 10.1093/ajcn/75.3.505

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  • Meals rich in carbohydrate or fat on the evening before a meal-challenge test have significant effects the following day: fat tolerance is poorer after a carbohydrate-rich evening meal, and glucose tolerance is poorer after a fat-rich low-carbohydrate evening meal.

    “Meals rich in either CHO or fat on the evening before a meal-challenge test have significant effects the following day: fat tolerance is poorer following a CHOrich evening meal; glucose tolerance is poorer following a fat-rich (low-CHO) evening meal (Robertson et al. 2002).”

    From Glycaemic index methodology (2005) · cites this paper as Robertson et al. 2002

    Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.

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  • The effect of evening meal macronutrient composition on fat tolerance is much more marked than its effect on glucose tolerance.

    “However, the effect of evening meal macronutrient composition on fat tolerance is much more marked than the effect on glucose tolerance (Robertson et al. 2002).”

    From Glycaemic index methodology (2005) · cites this paper as Robertson et al. 2002

    The Oral-fat-tolerance test section reports differences in fatty acids and triacylglycerol after the two evening meals, while the Glucose and insulin concentrations section reports a significant difference in glucose response (P = 0.006). The paper does not establish that the effect on fat tolerance was much more marked than the effect on glucose tolerance; its Figure 3 caption describes the evening-meal effect on triacylglycerol during the fat-tolerance test as only nearly significant (P = 0.078). Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Intake of dietary resistant starch on the day before a meal challenge may improve glucose tolerance.

    “Intake of dietary RS on the day before a meal challenge may improve glucose tolerance (Robertson et al. 2002).”

    From Glycaemic index methodology (2005) · cites this paper as Robertson et al. 2002

    The Oral-glucose-tolerance test section reports improved next-morning glucose tolerance after a high-carbohydrate evening meal. But the Test meal composition and protocol section says the meals were very low in dietary fiber, and the paper does not identify or test resistant starch. The finding therefore supports the timing and glucose-tolerance outcome, not the claim about resistant starch specifically. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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Cites

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3 of the 23 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. Frape DL, Williams NR, Scriven AJ, Palmer CR, O'Sullovan K, Fletcher RJ. Diurnal trends in responses of blood plasma concentra- tions of glucose, insulin and C-peptide following high-and low-fat meals and their relation to fat metabolism in healthy middles-aged vol- unteers. Br J Nutr 1997;77:523-35.
  2. Robertson MD, Mason AO, Frayn KN. Oro-sensory stimulation prior to fat ingestion impairs postprandial fat tolerance. Int J Obes 2000;24:S55 (abstr).
  3. Prior CA, Roche HM, Gibney MJ. Baseline variability of non- esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Proc Nutr Soc 1998;57:12A (abstr).

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Authors
Robertson, M. D., Henderson, R. A., Vist, G. E., & Rumsey, R. D. E.
Affiliations
University of Oxford (GB)
Corresponding author
Rumsey, R David E
ORCID
Venue
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2002-03
Volume
75
Issue
3
Pages
505-510
ISSN
0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1093/ajcn/75.3.505
OpenAlex
W2158725352
Cited by
105
References
23
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 8
FWCI
3.27
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Keywords
dinner, carbohydrate-to-fat ratio, high-fat diet, high-carbohydrate diet, insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, plasma triglycerides, fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, gastrointestinal hormones, cholecystokinin, pancreatic polypeptide, peptide YY, substrate metabolism, dietary history
MeSH terms
Adult, Analysis of Variance, Blood Glucose, Cholecystokinin, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fats, Energy Metabolism, Fasting, Fatty Acids, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Gastrointestinal Hormones, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Male, Pancreatic Polypeptide, Triglycerides, Postprandial Period, Area Under Curve, Peptide YY, 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid

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