Female-typical sexual behavior of rhesus and defeminization by androgens given prenatally
Abstract
Adult rhesus monkeys were observed in standardized tests for female-typical sexual and related social responses. In the first experiment reported, 7 castrated males and 5 spayed females were paired with each of 4 intact males on two occasions following intramuscular injection with estradiol benzoate (EB) (6 micrograms/kg X 14 days) and on two other occasions without such treatment. In tests without EB, males and females did not behave differently toward the intact male partners, and all responses were displayed at low frequencies. In tests with EB, females showed reliably higher frequencies than males of approaching, sitting close to, grooming, and soliciting, and they presented to a higher proportion of the male partner's sexual contacts. EB reliably increased the frequency of display of all of these same five responses in females but not in castrated males. The intact male partners displayed reliably fewer approaches, sexual contacts, mounts, intromissions, and ejaculations to castrated males than to spayed females regardless of estrogenization. In a second experiment 10 intact adult pseudohermaphroditic females and 6 intact control females were tested following EB injections with each of the same 4 intact males. Pseudohermaphrodites were experimentally produced by injecting pregnant females with either testosterone propionate (TP) or dihydrotestosterone propionate (DHTP). Pseudohermaphrodites, regardless of type of androgen used in their production, showed reliably fewer s…
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Exposure to exogenous androgens permanently masculinizes females.
“Male fetuses exposed to antiandrogens during perinatal life are permanently demasculinized in their morphology and physiology, whereas exposure to exogenous androgens permanently masculinizes females.”
From Androgens and environmental antiandrogens affect reproductive development and play behavior in the Sprague-Dawley rat. (2002) · cites this paper as Thornton and Goy 1986
Females exposed to androgens during the appropriate perinatal period can be masculinized in morphology, physiology, and behavior.
“Whereas perinatal exposure to androgens is essential for masculinization of males, numerous studies have shown that females exposed to androgens during the appropriate perinatal period can be masculinized in morphology, physiology, and behavior (Huffman and Hendricks 1981; Rhees et al. 1997; Thornton and Goy 1986; vom Saal 1979).”
From Androgens and environmental antiandrogens affect reproductive development and play behavior in the Sprague-Dawley rat. (2002) · cites this paper as Thornton and Goy 1986
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- Authors
- Thornton, J., & Goy, R. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin System (US)
- ORCID
- Goy, R.W
- Venue
- Hormones and Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1986-06
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 129-147
- ISSN
- 0018-506X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2065685458
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Hormones and Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH 21312)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR 00167)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Keywords
- rhesus monkeys, estradiol benzoate, prenatal androgen exposure, pseudohermaphroditism, testosterone propionate, dihydrotestosterone propionate, sexual solicitation, estrogen response, castration
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Estradiol, Female, Macaca mulatta, Male, Orchiectomy, Ovariectomy, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Disorders of Sex Development, Dihydrotestosterone
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