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Cited by 155Circadian rhythm and melatoninPhysiological and biochemical adaptationsThermal Regulation in Medicine

Circadian rhythmicity of body temperature and metabolism

Open access
Refinetti, Roberto·2020·Temperature
DOI 10.1080/23328940.2020.1743605PMC PMC7678948
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Abstract

This article reviews the literature on the circadian rhythms of body temperature and whole-organism metabolism. The two rhythms are first described separately, each description preceded by a review of research methods. Both rhythms are generated endogenously but can be affected by exogenous factors. The relationship between the two rhythms is discussed next. In endothermic animals, modulation of metabolic activity can affect body temperature, but the rhythm of body temperature is not a mere side effect of the rhythm of metabolic thermogenesis associated with general activity. The circadian system modulates metabolic heat production to generate the body temperature rhythm, which challenges homeothermy but does not abolish it. Individual cells do not regulate their own temperature, but the relationship between circadian rhythms and metabolism at the cellular level is also discussed. Metabolism is both an output of and an input to the circadian clock, meaning that circadian rhythmicity and metabolism are intertwined in the cell.

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  • Light exposure, and in particular the light-dark cycle, is the primary synchronizer of the circadian clock to the 24-hour day, although sleep, physical activity, meal timing, and temperature can also synchronize daily rhythms.

    “Light exposure, and in particular the light-dark cycle, is the primary synchronizer of the circadian clock to the 24-hour day, although sleep, physical activity, meal timing, and temperature can also synchronize daily rhythms [40,41].”

    From Human thermal perception and time of day: A review (2021) · cites this paper as [41]

  • Infradian rhythms are observed in the core body temperature of women in addition to ultradian and circadian rhythms.

    “and consequently, it can be concluded that in addition to ultradian [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 92 ] and circadian rhythms [ 33 , 92 , 93 ], infradian rhythms is observed in the CBT of women.”

    From Physiological Rhythms and Biological Variation of Biomolecules: The Road to Personalized Laboratory Medicine (2023) · cites this paper as [93]

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Authors
Refinetti, R.
Affiliations
LSU New Orleans (US)
Corresponding author
Refinetti, Roberto
ORCID
Refinetti, Roberto
Venue
Temperature
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2020-04-17
Volume
7
Issue
4
Pages
321-362
ISSN
  • 2332-8940 (ISSN-L)
  • 2332-8959
DOI
10.1080/23328940.2020.1743605
PMC
PMC7678948
OpenAlex
W3011074997
Cited by
155
References
684
Citations by year
2026: 27 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 5
FWCI
1.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Temperature (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Physiological and biochemical adaptations
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Thermal Regulation in Medicine
Keywords
circadian rhythm, body temperature, endogenous rhythms, external factors, homeothermy, circadian clock, cellular metabolism, endothermy

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