The DOI matches its Crossref record.
The role of product architecture in the manufacturing firm
Open accessAbstract
Product architecture is the scheme by which the function of a product is allocated to physical components. This paper further defines product architecture, provides a typology of product architectures, and articulates the potential linkages between the architecture of the product and five areas of managerial importance: (1) product change; (2) product variety; (3) component standardization; (4) product performance; and (5) product development management. The paper is conceptual and foundational, synthesizing fragments from several different disciplines, including software engineering, design theory, operations management and product development management. The paper is intended to raise awareness of the far-reaching implications of the architecture of the product, to create a vocabulary for discussing and addressing the decisions and issues that are linked to product architecture, and to identify and discuss specific trade-offs associated with the choice of a product architecture.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
The governance of global value chains
Gereffi, G., Humphrey, J., & Sturgeon, T. (2005) · Review of International Political Economy · doi:10.1080/09692290500049805 · Cited by 7,233
Yoo, Y., Henfridsson, O., & Lyytinen, K. (2010) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.1100.0322 · Cited by 2,964
Bridging differing perspectives on technological platforms: Toward an integrative framework
Gawer, A. (2014) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2014.03.006 · Cited by 1,869
“…complexity of one of the elements crosses a certain threshold, that complexity can be isolated by defining a separate abstraction that has a simple 4 Ulrich (1995) defines product architecture as “the scheme by which the function of a product is allocated to physical components” (Ulrich, 1995, p.…”
BackgroundInfluentialSocial Protection and the Formation of Skills: A Reinterpretation of the Welfare State
Estevez‐Abe, M., Iversen, T., & Soskice, D. (2001) · Varieties of Capitalism · doi:10.1093/0199247757.003.0004 · Cited by 1,568
Tiwana, A., Konsynski, B., & Bush, A. A. (2010) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.1100.0323 · Cited by 1,514
Brusoni, S., Prencipe, A., & Pavitt, K. (2001) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3094825 · Cited by 1,490
Technology as a complex adaptive system: evidence from patent data
Fleming, L., & Sorenson, O. (2001) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/s0048-7333(00)00135-9 · Cited by 1,315
Upgrading in Global Value Chains: Lessons from Latin American Clusters
Giuliani, E., Pietrobelli, C., & Rabellotti, R. (2005) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.01.002 · Cited by 1,073
Introduction—Platforms and Infrastructures in the Digital Age
Constantinides, P., Henfridsson, O., & Parker, G. G. (2018) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.2018.0794 · Cited by 943
The Ambivalent Ontology of Digital Artifacts1
Kallinikos, J., Aaltonen, A., & Marton, A. (2013) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.25300/misq/2013/37.2.02 · Cited by 780
Murmann, J. P., & Frenken, K. (2006) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2006.04.011 · Cited by 654
Digital platforms’ boundaries: The interplay of firm scope, platform sides, and digital interfaces
Gawer, A. (2021) · Long Range Planning · doi:10.1016/j.lrp.2020.102045 · Cited by 626
Digital platforms for development: Foundations and research agenda
Bonina, C., Koskinen, K., Eaton, B., & Gawer, A. (2021) · Information Systems Journal · doi:10.1111/isj.12326 · Cited by 512
The mirroring hypothesis: theory, evidence, and exceptions
Colfer, L. J., & Baldwin, C. Y. (2016) · Industrial and Corporate Change · doi:10.1093/icc/dtw027 · Cited by 331
Holmström, J., Holweg, M., Lawson, B., Pil, F. K., & Wagner, S. M. (2019) · Journal of Operations Management · doi:10.1002/joom.1073 · Cited by 330
Jacobides, M. G., Cennamo, C., & Gawer, A. (2024) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2023.104906 · Cited by 220
Recent advancements of robotics in construction
Xiao, B., Chen, C., & Yin, X. (2022) · Automation in Construction · doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104591 · Cited by 204
The role of modularity in sustainable design: A systematic review
Sonego, M., Echeveste, M. E. S., & Galvan Debarba, H. (2018) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.106 · Cited by 142
Foerderer, J., Kude, T., Schuetz, S. W., & Heinzl, A. (2019) · Information Systems Journal · doi:10.1111/isj.12186 · Cited by 126
Platform Synergy: Architectural Origins and Competitive Consequences
Tiwana, A. (2018) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.2017.0739 · Cited by 99
Brunswicker, S., Almirall, E., & Majchrzak, A. (2019) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.25300/misq/2019/13561 · Cited by 59
Kim, S., & Moon, S. K. (2020) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app10031100 · Cited by 53
Gauss, L., Lacerda, D. P., & Sellitto, M. A. (2019) · The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology · doi:10.1007/s00170-019-03358-1 · Cited by 51
Focus-shifting patterns of OSS developers and their congruence with call graphs
Xuan, Q., Okano, A., Devanbu, P., & Filkov, V. (2014) · Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering · doi:10.1145/2635868.2635914 · Cited by 27
Havinga, F., Mahdad, M., & Dolfsma, W. (2023) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137455 · Cited by 25
Public Sector Shared Services and the Lean Methodology: Implications on Military Organizations
Costa, R., Resende, T., Dias, A., Pereira, L., & Santos, J. (2020) · Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity · doi:10.3390/joitmc6030078 · Cited by 17
Eisenmann, T. R., Parker, G., & Van Alstyne, M. W. (2010) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1496336 · Cited by 829
What drives the disintegration of the loan origination value chain in the banking business
Scannella, E. (2015) · Business Process Management Journal · doi:10.1108/bpmj-02-2014-0017 · Cited by 10
Feigenbaum, J., & Gross, D. P. (2024) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.2022.01760 · Cited by 9
Metadata
- Authors
- Ulrich, K.
- Venue
- Research Policy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1995-05
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 419-440
- ISSN
- 0048-7333 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2158092565
- Cited by
- 2,885
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 22.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.