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Independent control of immunoglobulin switch recombination at individual switch regions evidenced through Cre-loxP-mediated gene targeting
Abstract
We have employed a method based on the Cre-loxP recombination system of bacteriophage P1 to generate a mouse strain in which the JH segments and the intron enhancer in the IgH locus are deleted. By analysis of immunoglobulin isotype switch recombination in heterozygous mutant B cells activated by lipopolysaccharide plus interleukin-4, we show that, on the mutant chromosome, switch recombination at the mu gene switch region is strongly suppressed, whereas the switch region of the gamma 1 gene is efficiently rearranged. These data demonstrate an independent control of switch recombination at individual switch regions and suggest that, in the process of switch recombination, the alignment of the recombining strands occurs independently of and probably after the introduction of double-strand breaks into the switch regions involved.
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“In JHT mice, functional B cells fail to develop due to deletion of the Ig JH locus, while μ MT mice lack B cells as a result of inactivation of the Ig heavy chain of the class M gene [112,113].”
From Is there a role for B cells in Alzheimer's disease? (2026) · cites this paper as [112]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Gu, H., Zou, Y.-R., & Rajewsky, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Cologne (DE)
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1993-06
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1155-1164
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2053200644
- Cited by
- 989
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 19.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Keywords
- switch regions, Cre-loxP recombination, intron enhancer, IGH locus, B cells, lipopolysaccharide, IL-4, DNA double-strand breaks
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Base Sequence, Female, Genes, Immunoglobulin, Genes, Switch, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Mutant Strains, Molecular Sequence Data, Recombination, Genetic, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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